scholarly journals Inflammatory Nasal Swelling due to Leishmania tropica

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hajiba Fellah ◽  
Maryam Hakkour ◽  
Bouchra Delouane ◽  
Asmae Hmamouch ◽  
Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
The 19Th Century

Since its discovery in the 19th century, cutaneous leishmaniasis has been a major public health problem, especially with the appearance of more and more unusual cases of cutaneous lesions due to this parasite. Indeed, the present study joins the previous studies and describes a typical case of a nasal lesion due to Leishmania infection. This is a 20-year-old young man, with no particular pathological history, from an epidemic focus who presented with inflammatory nasal swelling similar to a mucocutaneous form. However, the X-ray data showed that no lysis of the bones proper to the nose was detected and no damage to the underlying mucosa was observed. Nevertheless, the parasitological diagnosis confirmed the presence of amastigotes, and the results of the molecular study showed that the electrophoretic profile was comparable to that of L. tropica. After diagnosis and confirmation, treatment with meglumine antimonate at the rate of two ampoules/injection (one ampoule = 5 ml) of antimony salt for one month was administered intramuscularly with favorable outcome. Atypical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis constitute a rare and unusual entity often leading to diagnostic delay. For this, the clinical examination must take into account both exceptional presentations of Leishmania infection, in particular in subjects living or having stayed in an endemic area, in order to ensure appropriate and early treatment.

Perforazione ileale da febbre tifoide

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 280-282
Author(s):  
Margherita Piqué ◽  
Elisabetta Ladisa ◽  
Luca Brasili ◽  
Giovanni Putoto ◽  
Lorenzo Iughetti
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
General Malaise ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Typhoid fever continues to be a major public health problem in developing countries and mortality is mainly related to its most frequent complication, namely: intestinal perforation. The paper presents the case of a 12-year-old girl with abdominal pain associated with watery diarrhoea, vomiting, fever and general malaise for two weeks. Typhoid fever was suspected, therefore therapy with ceftriaxone was started. Clinical conditions were worsening, so X-ray of the abdomen was performed with evidence of hydro-aerial levels and ultrasound showing abundant non-homogeneous echogenic material in the pelvic cavity, consistent with purulent ascites. Exploratory laparotomy was performed showing an isolated perforation of the ileus, which was sutured. In the postoperative period, antibiotic therapy was boosted with metronidazole and gentamicin. Due to the wound dehiscence, surgical revision with secondary tension sutures was necessary.

scholarly journals NEW WORLD LEISHMANIOSIS IN RUSSIAN TOURISTS WHO VISITED SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES AND THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF THE TREATMENT WITH PERU BALSAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
A. M Bronshteyn ◽  
N. G Kochergin ◽  
N. A Malyshev ◽  
V. Ya Lashin ◽  
S. V Burova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
New World ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
South American ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Local Species

Two cases of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired by Russian tourists in Peru and possibly in Bolivia are presented. L. viannia ( L.braziliensis complex) was identified in Liverpool School of Tropical medicine in the patient travelled to Bolivia. The present study aimed to investigate Balsamum peruvianum one of the product of folk medicine of Indians of Amazon region against local species of Leishmania resulted in healing the ulcers. Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem, and the alarming spread of parasite resistance has increased the importance of discovering new therapeutic products.

scholarly journals ANIMAL MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF LEISHMANIASIS IMMUNOLOGY

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsy Nalleli Loria-Cervera ◽  
Fernando Jose Andrade-Narvaez
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Leishmaniasis remains a major public health problem worldwide and is classified as Category I by the TDR/WHO, mainly due to the absence of control. Many experimental models like rodents, dogs and monkeys have been developed, each with specific features, in order to characterize the immune response to Leishmania species, but none reproduces the pathology observed in human disease. Conflicting data may arise in part because different parasite strains or species are being examined, different tissue targets (mice footpad, ear, or base of tail) are being infected, and different numbers (“low” 1×102 and “high” 1×106) of metacyclic promastigotes have been inoculated. Recently, new approaches have been proposed to provide more meaningful data regarding the host response and pathogenesis that parallels human disease. The use of sand fly saliva and low numbers of parasites in experimental infections has led to mimic natural transmission and find new molecules and immune mechanisms which should be considered when designing vaccines and control strategies. Moreover, the use of wild rodents as experimental models has been proposed as a good alternative for studying the host-pathogen relationships and for testing candidate vaccines. To date, using natural reservoirs to study Leishmania infection has been challenging because immunologic reagents for use in wild rodents are lacking. This review discusses the principal immunological findings against Leishmania infection in different animal models highlighting the importance of using experimental conditions similar to natural transmission and reservoir species as experimental models to study the immunopathology of the disease.

scholarly journals A study on awareness on tuberculosis among urban slum population of Hyderabad

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4941
Author(s):  
Sai Ram A. ◽  
Rama Krishna M. N. ◽  
Sunil Pal Singh C.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Data Compilation

Background: Tuberculosis a major public health problem in India with highest burden of cases. India accounts for about 24% of global prevalence, 23% of the global incidence cases and 21% of global TB deaths. Irregular and inappropriate treatment of persons with active TB, unawareness about TB symptoms and treatment course, illiteracy, may be the major hurdles for TB eradication.Methods: A cross sectional, community based study was conducted in urban slum dwellers (n=153). Data compilation and analysis: All the data collected was entered and analyzed with MS excel software 2007 and Epi info 3.5.3. All tests were considered significant at p<0.05 level.Results: 18.3% told that cough+expectoration+evening rise of temperature+weight loss are the signs and symptoms of TB. 55.5% know that it spreads through cough and sneezing mixed with air. 23.5% knows blood examination, sputum examination, x-ray is the mode of diagnosis of TB.Conclusions: Literacy plays major role in creating awareness on TB.

scholarly journals System Delay in Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Gaza Strip, Palestine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Samira S. Abo Al-Shiekh ◽  
Yasser S. Alajerami ◽  
Bothyna B. Etewa ◽  
Aymen M. Elsous
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Gaza Strip

Background. Breast cancer is a major public health problem and the first leading cause of cancer deaths among females in Palestine. Early diagnosis of breast cancer contributes to reduction of morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to explore system-related factors affecting the timely diagnosis of breast cancer in the Gaza Strip. Method and Materials. A mixed method, sequential explanatory design was employed. A quantitative study was conducted first, and it was cross-sectional in nature, followed by a qualitative study. An interviewed questionnaire and an abstraction sheet were used to collect necessary quantitative data among 122 females diagnosed with breast cancer. A purposive sample of five medical specialists were selected for in-depth interview. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used to find differences between variables. Odds ratio and confidence interval at 95% were presented, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Around 12.3% of women experienced diagnostic delay for 3 months and more, and 6.6% reported a delay in referral for more than 2 weeks. Regarding imaging delay, around 8.2% and 2.7% of women had reported a delay in performing mammography and ultrasound, respectively. Moreover, one-fourth reported delay in performing biopsy for more than 14 days, and 46.3% reported delay more than 14 days in getting histopathology report. In addition, 9% missed the follow-up after benign findings of the previous breast imaging and no national protocols are available for the diagnosis of breast cancer in the Gaza strip. Conclusion. There is a long appointment time for diagnostic tools especially in biopsy. The nonmalignant findings from mammography or ultrasound could affect diagnosis time. It is an urgent need to have a national protocol for diagnosis and management of breast cancer and to adopt screening, diagnostic, and follow-up programs under the supervision of the Ministry of Health.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Medicinal Plants Used in Sefrou City (Center of Morocco), a Focus of Leishmaniasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
I. Zeouk ◽  
A. El Ouali Lalami ◽  
Y. Ezzoubi ◽  
K. Derraz ◽  
M. Balouiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
City Center ◽  
Cutaneous Eruption ◽  
Cistus Salviifolius ◽  
Berberis Hispanica

Sefrou city, located in the center of Morocco, is a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis which constitutes a major public health problem. The majority of the rural local population resorts to herbal medicine to cure this parasitic disease. The aim of this study, which has never been undertaken in Sefrou area, was to document the list of medicinal plants used for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis and to verify if their leishmanicidal activity is mentioned in the literature. The current ethnopharmacological study was conducted using a questionnaire based on informations about anti-cutaneous eruption plants used by the local population and prescribed by the herbalists. The present work has taken into consideration the representation of the plant name (local and scientific), the used part, the mode of preparation and administration. A total of 17 plant species belonging to 12 families were mentioned: the Lamiaceae family was the most represented (29.4%) with 5 species, followed by the Myrtaceae family (11.8%) with 2 species. For the rest of the 10 families, they were represented with the same percent (5.9%) which means one species per family. According to the calculated frequency index (FI), the most recommended species were the following: Lavandula dentata (FI = 93.75%), Berberis hispanica (FI = 87.5%), Cistus salviifolius (IF = 87.5%), Crataegus oxyacantha (FI = 81.25%), and Ephedra altissima (FI = 75%). Leaves (29.4%) and flowers (23.5%) were the favored used parts. Decoction (58.82 %) was the most frequently used method to prepare remedies which are taken externally (64.7%). These medicinal plants can be a source of natural leishmanicidal drugs – some of them have already been confirmed experimentally in the bibliography. More indepth investigations must be undertaken to assess the antileishmanial potential of the inventoried plants.

Understanding the immune responses involved in mediating protection or immunopathology during leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez ◽  
Greta Volpedo ◽  
Chaitenya Verma ◽  
Abhay R. Satoskar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) transmitted by the sand fly and is a major public health problem worldwide. Infections caused by Leishmania clinically manifest as a wide range of diseases, such as cutaneous (CL), diffuse cutaneous (DCL), mucosal (MCL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The host innate and adaptative immune responses play critical roles in the defense against leishmaniasis. However, Leishmania parasites also manipulate the host immune response for their survival and replication. In addition, other factors such as sand fly salivary proteins and microbiota also promote disease susceptibility and parasite spread by modulating local immune response. Thus, a complex interplay between parasite, sand fly and the host immunity governs disease severity and outcome. In this review, we discuss the host immune response during Leishmania infection and highlight the factors associated with resistance or susceptibility.

The status of strontium in biological apatites: an XANES investigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bazin ◽  
M. Daudon ◽  
Ch. Chappard ◽  
J. J. Rehr ◽  
D. Thiaudière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Status ◽  
Preparation Mode

Osteoporosis represents a major public health problem and increases patient morbidity through its association with fragility fractures. Among the different treatments proposed, strontium-based drugs have been shown to increase bone mass in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and to reduce fracture risk. While the localization of Sr2+cations in the bone matrix has been extensively studied, little is known regarding the status of Sr2+cations in natural biological apatite. In this investigation the local environment of Sr2+cations has been investigated through XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) spectroscopy in a set of pathological and physiological apatites. To assess the localization of Sr2+cations in these biological apatites, numerical simulations using theab initioFEFF9X-ray spectroscopy program have been performed. The complete set of data show that the XANES part of the absorption spectra may be used as a fingerprint to determine the localization of Sr2+cationsversusthe mineral part of calcifications. More precisely, it appears that a relationship exists between some features present in the XANES part and a Sr2+/Ca2+substitution process in site (I) of crystal apatite. Regarding the data, further experiments are needed to confirm a possible link between the relationship between the preparation mode of the calcification (cellular activity for physiological calcification and precipitation for the pathological one) and the adsorption mode of Sr2+cations (simple adsorption or insertion). Is it possible to draw a line between life and chemistry through the localization of Sr in apatite? The question is open for discussion. A better structural description of these physiological and pathological calcifications will help to develop specific therapies targeting the demineralization process in the case of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Clinical Manifestations and Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abaseen Khan Afghan ◽  
Masoom Kassi ◽  
Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi ◽  
Adil Ayub ◽  
Niamatullah Kakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Local Health

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a rising epidemic in Pakistan. It is a major public health problem in the country especially alongside regions bordering the neighboring Afghanistan and cities that have had the maximum influx of refugees. The purpose of our paper is to highlight the diverse clinical manifestations of the disease seen along with the geographic areas affected, where the hosts are particularly susceptible. This would also be helpful in presenting the broad spectrum of the disease for training of health care workers and help in surveillance of CL in the region. The increased clinical diversity and the spectrum of phenotypic manifestations noted underscore the fact that the diagnosis of CL should be not only considered when dealing with common skin lesions, but also highly suspected by dermatologists and even primary care physicians even when encountering uncommon pathologies. Hence, we would strongly advocate that since most of these patients present to local health care centers and hospitals, primary care practitioners and even lady health workers (LHWs) should be trained in identification of at least the common presentations of CL.

scholarly journals Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ain Sekhouna, Saida, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10961
Author(s):  
Asmaa AMARI ◽  
Kadda HACHEM ◽  
Maya M. HASSANI
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
Cade Oil ◽  
Natural Medicines

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common anthropozoonosis and a major public health problem in Algeria. Therefore, we conducted an ethnopharmacological survey in the locality of Ain Sekhouna (located in the highlands of western Algeria), one of the foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis. We aimed to identify the medicinal plants and natural remedies used by the local population to treatment cutaneous leishmaniasis. We identified three plant species, belonging to three distinct families, used as natural remedies against the disease, namely, Haloxylon scoparium Pomel (Chenopodiaceae, 73%), Artemisia herba-alba Asso. (Asteraceae, 18%), and Camellia sinensis L. (Theaceae, 9%). Additionally, 35% of the plant-based medicines mostly comprised the powdered form of the aerial parts of the plant. According to the respondents, the powder is combined with butter, cade oil, or honey and is applied exogenously on the skin. Overall, these medicinal plants can be used as a source of natural medicines, in combination with commonly used dermatological excipients, to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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