scholarly journals Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections Mother-Newborn Pair Study in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mengistu Hailemariam Zenebe ◽  
Zeleke Mekonnen ◽  
Eskindir Loha ◽  
Elizaveta Padalko
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus

Introduction. Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is a common cause of neurodevelopmental delays and sensorineural hearing loss of infants, yet the prevalence of cCMV and the associated factors in Ethiopia are not studied. Hence, this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of cCMV in Southern Ethiopia. Methodology. A mother-newborn pair cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Newborn’s saliva sample was tested for cCMV using Alethia CMV molecular assay. Mothers’ serum was tested serologically for anti-CMV IgM and IgG by EUROIMMUN ELISA. Pregnant women responded to a questionnaire about their previous and current obstetric history and sociodemographic characteristics. The chi-square (χ2) test and independent-sample t-test were used to determine the associations between infections and possible risk factors; then, potential variables were screened for multivariable analysis. Results. A total of 593 mother-newborn pairs were assessed. CMV was detected in 14 of 593 newborn saliva swabs (2.4%; 95% CI 1.2–3.7). As assessed by CMV IgM-positive results, maternal CMV seropositivity was 8.3% (49/593); thus, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of CMV was 28% (14/49) among CMV IgM-positive women. Congenital CMV infection was significantly associated with maternal exposure through nursery school children in the household, women sharing a feeding cup with children, and any of the detected curable STIs during pregnancy. Birth weight was negatively associated with CMV infection. Maternal age, gravidity, level of education, and sharing of children feeding utensils were not associated with cCMV infection. Conclusion. A high rate of cCMV infection in the absence of awareness demands further in-depth investigation in Ethiopia. Thus, policymakers must take appropriate action through the antenatal care system for prevention strategies and put in place a constant health education and awareness creation of pregnant women about the causes of infection and hygienic measures.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated factors of maternal cytomegalovirus in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e051390
Author(s):  
Mengistu Hailemariam Zenebe ◽  
Zeleke Mekonnen ◽  
Eskindir Loha ◽  
Elizaveta Padalko
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Igm Antibodies

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence and associated factors of cytomegalovirus (CMV) among pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in Hawassa University comprehensive and specialised hospital. Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 600 consecutive pregnant women attending the delivery ward were recruited for the study from August to October 2020.Outcome measuresThe study assessed the rate of maternal anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies. The association of obstetric history, sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics with seropositivity of CMV was also evaluated based on the collected data using structured questioners.ResultsSeropositivity for CMV IgM antibodies was 8.2% (49/600) (95% CI 6% to 10.5%), whereas the CMV IgG was 88.7% (532/600), (95% CI 89.5% to 94.0%). Seroprevalence of CMV IgM was higher in women of older age, currently unmarried, having nursery schooled children and with any of the detected curable sexually transmitted infections, while seroprevalence of CMV IgG was significantly associated only with women having nursery schooled children. Seroprevalence was not significantly associated with previous adverse pregnancy outcome, gravidity, being a child daycare occupant mother and newborn birth weight.ConclusionIn the present study, we identified a high rate of CMV IgM and CMV IgG seroprevalence among pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia. Given that there is no existing CMV diagnosis, special attention should be designed to pregnant women in parallel to the existing antenatal care facility. Besides, training healthcare professionals will support awareness conception among pregnant women concerning the sequels of CMV infection during pregnancy.

Early high CMV seroprevalence in pregnant women from a population with a high rate of congenital infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. 2187-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. YAMAMOTO ◽  
R. A. C. CASTELLUCCI ◽  
D. C. ARAGON ◽  
M. M. MUSSI-PINHATA
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Congenital Cmv

SUMMARYCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection rates increase with maternal seroprevalence due to transmission from maternal non-primary infection. CMV seroprevalence estimates of pregnant women are needed for planning strategies against congenital CMV transmission. We aimed to determine the age-specific prevalence of serum antibodies for CMV in a representative age-stratified sample of unselected pregnant women from a Brazilian population. A total of 985 pregnant women, aged 12–46 years (median 24 years), were enrolled. Overall CMV seroprevalence was 97% (95% confidence interval 95·8–98·0), with age-specific (years) prevalence as follows: 12–19 (96·3%), 20–24 (97·7%), 25–29 (97·1%), and 30–46 (96·7%). CMV seroprevalence is almost universal (97%) and is found at similar levels in pregnant women of ages ranging from 12 to 46 years. Because high CMV seroprevalence is found even in women of a younger age in this population, this finding suggests that the majority of primary CMV infections occur early, in infancy or childhood. As a consequence, vaccines currently under development to prevent primary infection may not be a solution for the prevention of congenital CMV infection in this population.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women vising ANC clinic in Silte zone, southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Muze ◽  
Mubarak Yesse ◽  
Shemsu Kedir ◽  
Abdulmejid Mustefa
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Dietary Change ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition

Abstract Background: Maternal undernutrition is highly prevalent in underdeveloped country. Hence, this study was intended to determine prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC follow up clinics of health facilities.Method: Facility based cross sectional study was conducted from July to January 2019. Data was collected by using structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured by standard non stretchable MUAC tape. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 422 study participants from 11 randomly selected health facilities. Sample size was allocated proportionately to each health facilities. Data was entered into a computer using Epi data 3.1 and edited, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Both bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses was employed to identify factors associated with maternal undernutrition.Result: This study found 91 (21.8%) of study subjects were undernourished. Age greater than 31 years of women (AOR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.93), Birth intervals > 2 years (AOR= 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.76), good nutritional knowledge (AOR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.67), and having no dietary change as a result of current pregnancy AOR=6.02; 95% CI: 2.99, 12.14) were significantly associated with undernutrition.Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 21.8 % indicates little decrement. Age of women, Birth intervals, and Dietary change as a result of current pregnancy and Nutrition knowledge were important risk factors/ predictors of undernutrition (MUAC < 23 cm). Government, and other concerned bodies should strength nutritional counseling of pregnant women at health setting and in community level with giving special emphasis to adolescent pregnant women (Age ≤20 years old).

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC clinics in Silte zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Muze ◽  
Mubarek Yesse ◽  
Shemsu Kedir ◽  
Abdilmejid Mustefa
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dietary Change ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Current Estimate ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition

Abstract Background Maternal undernutrition is highly prevalent in underdeveloped countries. Hence, this study was intended to determine the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC clinics in Silte Zone. Method Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to January 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 422 study participants from 11 randomly selected health facilities. Data was collected by using a structured-interviewer administered questionnaire. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured by standard non stretchable MUAC tape. Data was entered into a computer using Epi data 3.1 and edited, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Both bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with maternal undernutrition. Result In this study, the overall prevalence of undernutrition among study subjects was 21.8%. Age greater than 31 years of women (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.93), Birth intervals > 2 years (AOR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.76), good nutritional knowledge (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.67), and having no dietary change as a result of current pregnancy AOR = 6.02; 95% CI: 2.99, 12.14) were significantly associated with undernutrition. Conclusions The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 21.8%. Current estimate is lower than previously reported in the study area but higher than reported in developed country. Age of women, Birth intervals, and Dietary change as a result of current pregnancy and Nutrition knowledge were important risk factors/ predictors of undernutrition (MUAC < 23 cm). Interventions targeting maternal nutrition education and child spacing with giving special emphasis to adolescent pregnant women are recommended.

scholarly journals Burden of stillbirths and associated factors in Yirgalem Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: a facility based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sintayehu Mengesha ◽  
Mesay Hailu Dangisso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Labour ◽  
Tailored Interventions

Abstract Background Stillbirth is an adverse pregnancy outcome of public health importance causing considerable psychosocial burden on parents and their family. Studies on stillbirth are scarce in southern Ethiopia. An assessment of stillbirths and associated factors in health care settings helps in devising strategies for tailored interventions. Therefore, we assessed the burden of stillbirths and associated factors in Yirgalem Hospital, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 August 2015 and 30 July 2016. We randomly selected medical records of pregnant women from a hospital delivery registry. Bivariate analysis was employed to assess the association between independent and dependent variables using chi-square with significant p-value. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for stillbirths and to control for confounding variables.Results: Of 374 reviewed records of pregnant women, 370 were included for the study. The magnitude of stillbirths was 92 per 1000 births. Fifteen (44.1%) of fetal deaths occurred after admission to the hospital. In multivariate logistic regression, stillbirths were higher among low birth-weight babies (<2500grams) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 10.70, 95% CI 3.18-35.97) than normal birth-weight babies (2500-<4000). Pregnant women who experienced a prolonged labour for more than 48 hours were 12 times (AOR: 12.15, 95% CI 1.76-84.12) more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women without a prolonged labour. Pregnant women with obstetric complications were 18.9 times more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women without obstetric complications. Similarly, pregnant women with at least two pregnancies were more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women with less than two pregnancies (AOR: 4.39, 95% CI 1.21-15.85).Conclusion: We found a high burden of stillbirths in the study setting. Modifiable risk factors contributed to a higher risk of stillbirths; therefore, tailored interventions such as early identification and management of prolonged labour and obstetric complication at each level of health system could avert preventable stillbirths.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated factors of maternal cytomegalovirus in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistu Hailemariam Zenebe ◽  
Zeleke Mekonnen ◽  
Eskindir Loha ◽  
Elizaveta Padalko
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Common Infection ◽  
Congenital Cmv

AbstractIntroductionCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infection during pregnancy that poses the risk of congenital CMV infections (cCMV) worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence and associated factors of CMV among pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive women attending the delivery ward at Hawassa comprehensive and specialized hospital. Blood samples collected at the time of delivery were tested for CMV IgG and IgM using ELISA. Study participants responded to a questionnaire about obstetric history and socio-demographic characteristics. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Chi-square, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify characteristics independently associated with the sero-status of CMV.ResultsSeropositivity for CMV IgM antibodies was 8.2% (49/600) (95% CI: 6 −10.5%), whereas the CMV IgG was 88.6% (532/600), (95% CI: 89.5 − 94.0%). Seroprevalence was higher in women of older age, currently unmarried and having nursery schooled children. Moreover CMV seropositivity was significantly associated with any of detected curable STIs. Seroprevalence was not significantly related to previous adverse pregnancy outcome, gravidity, being a child day care occupant mother, and birth weight of the newborn.ConclusionIn the present study, we identified a high rate of CMV IgM seropositivity among pregnant women in southern Ethiopia. Given that there is no existing CMV diagnosis, special attention should be designed for pregnant women in parallel to the existing antenatal care facility. Besides, training health care professionals will support awareness conception among pregnant women concerning the sequels of CMV infection during pregnancy.Key questionsWhat is already known?Cytomegalovirus is the most common infection during pregnancy that can cause congenital CMV infections and known to cause long-term sequelae including sensorineural hearing loss of the developing fetus.However, data on maternal CMV infection lacking in Ethiopia besides there is no maternal CMV diagnostics and screening service for pregnant women.What are the new findings?A high prevalence 8.3% of CMV IgM and 88.6% of CMV IgG documented.Seroprevalence associated with older age women, currently unmarried and having nursery schooled children in the household. Also CMV seropositivity was significantly associated with any of detected curable STIs.What do the new findings imply?Known that there is no existing maternal CMV screening in Ethiopia, understanding the burden and the effect of maternal CMV infection will offer important information to the health care providers to prevent a sequel to the developing fetus.The current study provides valuable information on the associated factors with maternal CMV infection hence, training health care professionals will support awareness conception among pregnant women concerning the sequels for CMV infection during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC clinics in Silte zone, southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Muze ◽  
Mubarek Yesse ◽  
Shemsu Kedir ◽  
Abdilmejid Mustefa
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dietary Change ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Current Estimate ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition

Abstract Background: Maternal undernutrition is highly prevalent in underdeveloped countries. Hence, this study was intended to determine the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC clinics in Silte Zone..Method: Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to January 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 422 study participants from 11 randomly selected health facilities. Data was collected by using a structured-interviewer administered questionnaire. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured by standard non stretchable MUAC tape. Data was entered into a computer using Epi data 3.1 and edited, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Both bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with maternal undernutrition.Result: In this study, the overall prevalence of undernutrition among study subjects was 21.8%. Age greater than 31 years of women (AOR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.93), Birth intervals > 2 years (AOR= 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.76), good nutritional knowledge (AOR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.67), and having no dietary change as a result of current pregnancy AOR=6.02; 95% CI: 2.99, 12.14) were significantly associated with undernutrition.Conclusions: The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 21.8 %. Current estimate is lower than previously reported in the study area but higher than reported in developed country. Age of women, Birth intervals, and Dietary change as a result of current pregnancy and Nutrition knowledge were important risk factors/ predictors of undernutrition (MUAC < 23 cm). Interventions targeting maternal nutrition education and child spacing with giving special emphasis to adolescent pregnant women are recommended.

scholarly journals Burden of stillbirths and associated factors in Yirgalem Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: a facility based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sintayehu Mengesha ◽  
Mesay Hailu Dangisso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Labour ◽  
Tailored Interventions

Abstract Background Stillbirth is an adverse pregnancy outcome of public health importance causing considerable psychosocial burden on parents and their family. Studies on stillbirth are scarce in southern Ethiopia. An assessment of stillbirths and associated factors in health care settings helps in devising strategies for tailored interventions. Therefore, we assessed the burden of stillbirths and associated factors in Yirgalem Hospital, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 August 2015 and 30 July 2016. We randomly selected medical records of pregnant women from a hospital delivery registry. Bivariate analysis was employed to assess the association between independent and dependent variables using chi-square with significant p-value. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for stillbirths and to control for confounding variables.Results: Of 374 reviewed records of pregnant women, 370 were included for the study. The magnitude of stillbirths was 92 per 1000 births. Fifteen (44.1%) of fetal deaths occurred after admission to the hospital. In multivariate logistic regression, stillbirths were higher among low birth-weight babies (<2500grams) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 10.70, 95% CI 3.18-35.97) than normal birth-weight babies (2500-<4000). Pregnant women who experienced a prolonged labour for more than 48 hours were 12 times (AOR: 12.15, 95% CI 1.76-84.12) more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women without a prolonged labour. Pregnant women with obstetric complications were 19.8 times more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women without obstetric complications. Similarly, pregnant women with at least two pregnancies were more likely to have stillbirths than pregnant women with less than two pregnancies (AOR: 4.39, 95% CI 1.21-15.85).Conclusion: We found a high burden of stillbirths in the study setting. Modifiable risk factors contributed to a higher risk of stillbirths; therefore, tailored interventions such as early identification and management of prolonged labour and obstetric complication at each level of health system could avert preventable stillbirths.

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