scholarly journals Genetic Types and Main Control Factors of Microfractures in Tight Oil Reservoirs of Jimsar Sag

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Xiangye Kong ◽  
Jianhui Zeng ◽  
Xianfeng Tan ◽  
Haowei Yuan ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Fluid ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Carbonate Minerals ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Lucaogou Formation ◽  
Tight Reservoirs

Microfractures are key for migrating and aggregating hydrocarbon source rocks and fracturing oil-gas exploitation in tight reservoirs. In this study, rock samples from the Lucaogou Formation tight reservoirs in Xinjiang, China, were studied using multidisciplinary techniques to investigate the genetic types and main control factors of microfractures. Results indicated that the Lucaogou Formation mainly developed diagenetic microfractures followed by tectonic microfractures, with slight formations of granular microfractures. These observations were used to clarify the relationship between the development of microfractures and the pore fluid content, lithology, mineral composition, and stratum thickness. A higher pore fluid content corresponded to a lower compressive strength of the rocks and a larger ring count, resulting in a higher probability of failure and microfracture formation. Tight reservoirs containing more quartz and carbonate minerals were found to develop more microfractures. Quartz grains showed fractures at the margins under stress, which increased the pore permeability of rocks. Carbonate minerals tended to form microfractures owing to corrosion. Microfracture formation mechanisms differed depending on lithology, and microfractures were found to develop most in dolomite and dolomitic siltstones and least in mudstone. Muddy rocks developed fewer tectonic fractures because they can easily absorb stress and undergo plastic deformation. Within a certain stratum thickness range, the average single-well fracture space and stratum thickness showed positive correlations. Moreover, the fracture space increased and the fracture density decreased as the stratum thickness increased. When the stratum thickness was less than 2.5 m, the fracture space increased linearly with the stratum thickness, and when the stratum thickness was greater than 2.5 m, the fracture space remained constant. This study will provide an essential scientific basis for enhancing tight oil recovery.

Critical conditions for tight oil charging and delineation of effective oil source rocks in Lucaogou Formation, Jimusar Sag, Junggar Basin, northwest China

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhou ◽  
X. Pang ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
L. Kuang ◽  
F. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Junggar Basin ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Lucaogou Formation ◽  
Oil Source

scholarly journals Research on the Oil-Bearing Difference of Bedding Fractures: A Case Study of Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jia Lu ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Jianhui Zeng ◽  
Haowei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spatial Coupling ◽  
Lucaogou Formation ◽  
Temporal Coupling ◽  
Jimsar Sag ◽  
Generation Period

Lucaogou formation in Jimsar sag is host to large quantities of bedding fractures which are known to play a critical role in the enrichment, accumulation, and efficient development of tight oil. In this paper, we examine and finely characterize the development of the bedding fractures found in the upper and lower sweet spots of Lucaogou formation of tight oil reservoir through field outcrop and core observation, cast thin section analysis, and imaging log recognition and investigate the factors affecting their differentiated oil-bearing by means of inclusion temperature measurement, TOC testing, physical property testing, high-pressure mercury injection, and physical simulation experiment. By comparison with the linear density, bedding fractures are more developed in the lower sweet spot. These fractures occur in parallel to the formation boundary and have small aperture. Most of bedding fractures are unfilled fractures. Among the few types of fractures found there, bedding fractures have the best oil-bearing property, but the oil-bearing can differ from one bedding fracture to another. The factors affecting the differentiated oil-bearing of bedding fractures include the temporal coupling of the formation of these fractures with the hydrocarbon generation of the source rocks and the spatial coupling of the bedding fractures with the source rocks. In terms of temporal coupling, mass hydrocarbon generation in Jimsar sag began in Late Jurassic. Inclusion temperature measurement indicates that the bedding fractures there formed in or after Early Cretaceous. Hence, by matching the mass hydrocarbon generation period of the source rocks with the formation period of the bedding fractures, we discovered that the bedding fractures formed within the mass hydrocarbon generation period, which favored the oil-bearing of these fractures. The spatial coupling is manifested in TOC, porosity, permeability, and pore throat, with TOC being the main controlling factor. For TOC, the higher the formation TOC, the better the oil-bearing property of the bedding fractures. For porosity, subject to the TOC level, if the TOC is adequate, the larger the porosity, the larger the chloroform asphalt “A,” accordingly the higher the oil content of the formation, and the better the oil-bearing property of the bedding fractures developed therein. In this sense, in terms of spatial coupling, TOC constitutes the main controlling factor of the oil-bearing property of bedding fractures.

Oil–source rock correlation for tight oil in tuffaceous reservoirs in the Permian Tiaohu Formation, Santanghu Basin, northwest China

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1014-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Ma ◽  
Zhilong Huang ◽  
Xiaoyu Gao ◽  
Changchao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Lucaogou Formation ◽  
Oil Source

Tight oil in the Permian Tiaohu Formation in the Santanghu Basin, northwest China, has a peculiar property such that the reservoir is sedimentary organic matter-bearing tuff characterized by high porosity (10%–25%) and very low permeability, mainly in the range of 0.01–0.50 mD. Biomarker and stable carbon isotope compositions of selected crude oils and source-rock extracts were analyzed to determine the source rock of the tight oil. Source rocks in the Lucaogou Formation consist of various rock types dominated by mudstones containing organic matter with intense yellow–green fluorescence. Mudstones in the Lucaogou Formation have total organic carbon (TOC) values mainly in the range of 1.0–8.0 wt%, hydrocarbon generation potential (S1 + S2) mostly >6 mg/g, and chloroform extractable bitumen “A” generally >0.1%. The maceral composition is predominantly fluorescing amorphinite. The hydrogen index (HI) varies from 300 to 900 mg HC/g TOC, indicating dominant Type I and Type II kerogen. Compared with the mudstones and tuffs in the Tiaohu Formation, the mudstones in the Lucaogou Formation are the best source rocks. The biomarker characteristics of mudstone extracts in the Lucaogou Formation differ from those in the Tiaohu Formation, based on the gammacerane index, β-carotane content, and the relative contents of C27, C28, and C29 regular steranes. Crude oil samples in the tuff show low pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios, high gammacerane indices, high β-carotane, and a dominance of the C29 regular sterane followed by C28 and C27 steranes, as well as depleted stable carbon isotope compositions. Oil–source correlation with biomarkers and δ13C values shows that the crude oil in the tuffs mainly originates from underlying source rocks in the Lucaogou Formation. The sedimentary organic matter in the tuffs also makes a small contribution to the tuffaceous reservoir. Therefore, the tuffaceous tight reservoir in the Tiaohu Formation is unusual in that the oil is not indigenous; rather, it migrates a long distance to accumulate in the upper reservoir.

scholarly journals Formation mechanism of authigenic chlorite in tight sandstone and its influence on tight oil adsorption, Triassic Ordos Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 2667-2694
Author(s):  
Qianshan Zhou ◽  
Chengfu Lv ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Guojun Chen ◽  
Xiaofeng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Tight Reservoirs ◽  
Pore Lining ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the formation mechanism of authigenic chlorite in tight reservoirs and its influence on the adsorption capacity to tight oil have been analyzed. The occurrence states of chlorite and the formation mechanism have been analyzed by thin section (TS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) measurements. Due to the alteration of volcanic rock fragments, the mudstone pressurized water, and the dissolution of early chlorite, the material source has been provided for the formation of chlorite. The formation time of chlorite with different occurrence states is in the following order: grain-coating chlorite → pore-lining chlorite → pore-lining chlorite in dissolved pores → rosette chlorite. Authigenic chlorite developed in the reservoirs has influenced the change of the reservoir quality in two respects. On the one hand, authigenic chlorite can protect the residual pores, improve the anti-compaction capacity of the reservoir, and provide certain inter-crystalline space. On the other hand, it can hinder pore space and inhibit throat, resulting in a decrease in the connectivity of pores and the increase in the heterogeneity of the reservoir. Tight oil absorbed by the chlorite is mainly in the form of the thin film and aggregates. Through in situ testing of environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), the adsorption capacity of chlorite with different occurrence states to tight oil, being in the following order: rosette chlorite > pore-lining chlorite > pore-lining chlorite in dissolved pores > grain-coating chlorite. Furthermore, the controlling factors on reservoir quality, the content of chlorite and content of Fe and K have been investigated, and the adsorption capacity of different chlorite types has been studied, which can provide guidance for analysis of the control factors on the difference in adsorption capacity of different occurrence states of chlorite to tight oil in tight reservoirs.

scholarly journals Analysis of the charging process of the lacustrine tight oil reservoir in the Triassic Chang 6 Member in the southwest Ordos Basin, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1228-1247
Author(s):  
Zhengjian Xu ◽  
Luofu Liu ◽  
Tieguan Wang ◽  
Kangjun Wu ◽  
Wenchao Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Main Production ◽  
The Ordos Basin ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
Quartz Grains

With the success of Bakken tight oil (tight sandstone oil and shale oil) and Eagle Ford tight oil in North America, tight oil has become a research focus in petroleum geology. In China, tight oil reservoirs are predominantly distributed in lacustrine basins. The Triassic Chang 6 Member is the main production layer of tight oil in the Ordos Basin, in which the episodes, timing, and drive of tight oil charging have been analyzed through the petrography, fluorescence microspectrometry, microthermometry, and trapping pressure simulations of fluid inclusions in the reservoir beds. Several conclusions have been reached in this paper. First, aqueous inclusions with five peaks of homogenization temperatures and oil inclusions with three peaks of homogenization temperatures occurred in the Chang 6 reservoir beds. The oil inclusions are mostly distributed in fractures that cut across and occur within the quartz grains, in the quartz overgrowth and calcite cements, and the fractures that occur within the feldspar grains, with blue–green, green, and yellow–green fluorescence colours. Second, the peak wavelength, Q650/500, and QF535 of the fluorescence microspectrometry indicate three charging episodes of tight oil with different oil maturities. The charging timings (141–136, 126–118, and 112–103 Ma) have been ascertained by projecting the homogenization temperatures of aqueous inclusions onto the geological time axis. Third, excess-pressure differences up to 10 MPa between the Chang 7 source rocks and the Chang 6 reservoir beds were the main driving mechanism supporting the process of nonbuoyancy migration.

The tight oil potential of the Lucaogou Formation from the southern Junggar Basin, China

Fuel ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 858-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyong Luo ◽  
Lei Gong ◽  
Yansheng Qu ◽  
Kuihua Zhang ◽  
Guanlong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Junggar Basin ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Lucaogou Formation

Quantitative prediction of seismic rock physics of hybrid tight oil reservoirs of the Permian Lucaogou Formation, Junggar Basin, Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghui Lu ◽  
Hong Cao ◽  
Weitao Sun ◽  
Xinfei Yan ◽  
Zhifang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Physics ◽  
Junggar Basin ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Lucaogou Formation ◽  
Tight Oil Reservoirs
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