scholarly journals Influence of Gestational Hormones on the Bacteria-Induced Cytokine Response in Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Betsaida J. Ortiz-Sánchez ◽  
Martha Legorreta-Herrera ◽  
Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Microbial Change ◽  
The Relationship

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of teeth. The presence of a bacterial biofilm initiates a destructive inflammatory process orchestrated by various inflammatory mediators, most notably proinflammatory cytokines, which are upregulated in the gingival crevicular fluid, leading to the formation of periodontal pockets. This represents a well-characterized microbial change during the transition from periodontal health to periodontitis; interestingly, the gestational condition increases the risk and severity of periodontal disease. Although the influence of periodontitis on pregnancy has been extensively reviewed, the relationship between pregnancy and the development/evolution of periodontitis has been little studied compared to the effect of periodontitis on adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review is aimed at summarizing the findings on the pregnancy-proinflammatory cytokine relationship and discussing its possible involvement in the development of periodontitis. We address (1) an overview of periodontal disease, (2) the immune response and possible involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in the development of periodontitis, (3) how bone tissue remodelling takes place with an emphasis on the involvement of the inflammatory response and metalloproteinases during periodontitis, and (4) the influence of hormonal profile during pregnancy on the development of periodontitis. Finally, we believe this review may be helpful for designing immunotherapies based on the stage of pregnancy to control the severity and pathology of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Host Mediators in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira B. Lamster ◽  
M. John Novak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolite ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

During the past few years, a considerable number of studies have examined different aspects of the host response in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), including the relationship of specific markers to the active phases of periodontal disease. Various indicators of the acute inflammatory response (the lysosomal enzymes P-glucuronidase and collagenase, the cytoplasmic enzyme aspartate aminotransferase, and the arachidonic acid metabolite PGE2) have been shown to be associated with clinical attachment loss in chronic adult periodontitis in man and experimental periodontitis in animal models. In contrast, the relationship of indicators of the humoral immune response in GCF to active periodontal disease is equivocal. Furthermore, a number of indicators of the cellular immune response have been identified recently in GCF (i.e., Interleukin-la, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-a), but their relationship to active phases of periodontal disease have not been studied. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) is the cellular hallmark of acute inflammation. Evidence from the GCF studies suggests that hyperreactivity of these cells plays a critical role in the active phases of some forms of periodontal disease. Metabolic activation of PMN can be associated with a number of potentially destructive reactions. The major effector mechanism for tissue destruction that can be specifically identified with the PMN is the synergistic effect of the release of PMN proteases and the generation of reactive oxygen metabolites by these cells. Priming of the PMN, where the PMN response is enhanced by agents that do not initiate the response, may be an important mechanism for PMN activation in the crevicular environment; for example, cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-a, and lipopolysaccharides released from subgingival Gram-negative bacteria, can serve this function. The hypothesis proposed here argues that in addition to the severe forms of periodontal disease that have been associated with qualitative or quantitative PMN defects, tissue destruction in the periodontum can be observed with hyperreactivity of these cells. These differing conclusions do not create a dilemma, but may represent opposite ends of a balance that is no longer in equilibrium.

scholarly journals Estimation of Calcium and Iron Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum in Periodontal Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridevi Sivarama Krishnan ◽  
Vignesh Vikram ◽  
Bhagavatham Meenakshi ◽  
Chitraa R Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
P Value ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Introduction: Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) has been referred to as a promising medium for detection of markers for periodontal disease activity. Analysis of GCF shows minute changes in biomarker levels well before the onset of clinical signs and symptoms; which helps to even predict a person’s predisposition towards periodontal disease occurrence. The elemental analysis of human blood serum is noteworthy in routine clinical practice as well as in medical research. Aim: This study was done to determine the changes in calcium and iron levels in GCF and serum in human subjects with normal periodontal health and those with disease. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March 2019 to December 2019. Eight study subjects (4 healthy subjects and 4 periodontitis cases) were selected from the patients reporting to the Department of Periodontics at Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. The subjects were chosen based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and all patients were subjected to a clinical examination wherein the Probing Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were recorded by a single examiner using William’s Periodontal probe. The GCF samples were collected by Capillary Tubing method. Blood was collected by venipuncture and centrifuged to provide serum samples. Dual viewing Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to estimate Calcium and Iron in GCF and serum. SPSS version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Mann Whitney U test was used for comparing the groups. p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Serum iron levels were significantly less in periodontitis patients than healthy subjects (p-value 0.043). GCF iron level (p-value 0.386), GCF calcium level (p-value 0.149) and serum calcium level (p-value 0.564) did not show any major variation among subjects with normal periodontal health and those with disease. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that iron and calcium are present in GCF and serum samples of healthy persons and patients with chronic periodontitis which can be detected using ICP-OES. A significant difference in serum iron levels between health and disease could indicate a patient’s predisposition towards developing periodontitis. Calcium levels in GCF and serum do not point towards periodontal disease activity.

scholarly journals Identification of a new endogenous platelet-activating factor-like molecule in gingival crevicular fluid

1998 ◽  
Vol 330 (2) ◽  
pp. 791-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smaragdi ANTONOPOULOU ◽  
A. Constantinos DEMOPOULOS ◽  
Dimitris ARGYROPOULOS ◽  
George BALTAS ◽  
Helen KOTSIFAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Relative Molecular Mass ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
The Relationship

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease and the major cause of tooth loss in adults. Bacteria and their products are the causative agents of this disease. Endogenous molecules mediate the inflammatory process and play a major role in its amplification and perpetuation as well as in the ensuing tissue destruction. The relationship between platelet-activating factor (PAF) and periodontal disease has not so far been examined thoroughly. We have isolated a phospholipid molecule with PAF-like activity from gingival crevicular fluid. This molecule, purified on HPLC, causes washed platelet aggregation with EC50 value 0.1 μM, based on phosphorus determination. It acts through PAF-receptors and is inactivated by PAF-acetylhydrolase. In addition, this phospholipid presents biological activity towards human platelets. The combination of the results obtained from the chemical and enzymic treatments, the biological assays as well as results from the electrospray analysis, leads to the conclusion that this phospholipid is a hydroxyl-PAF analogue with relative molecular mass 703. This PAF-like molecule may be implicated in periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid Interleukin-18 Level in Periodontal Health and Disease in Central Maharashtra (India) Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica J Mahajani ◽  
Varsha A Jadhao ◽  
Pooja S Wankhade ◽  
Emmanuel Samson ◽  
Vishwas D Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Group I ◽  
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Aim The incidence and progression of the periodontal disease depend on periodontal microflora and the multifaceted response of the host, and these interactions are mediated by cytokines and chemokines. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 superfamily. The aim of the present study was the assessment of the periodontal therapy in IL-18 level in periodontal disease and health. Materials and methods Based on clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) patients were divided into three groups: Group I with healthy patients, group II with chronic periodontitis, and group III with posttreatment patients having periodontitis. Results Mean PI, PPD, CAL, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume were significantly higher in groups II and III compared with group I. However, there were no significant differences between GI in groups I, II, and III. The total amount of IL-18 in GCF was significantly higher in group II when compared with groups I and III (p < 0.05). Conclusion The present study confirmed that the IL-18 level in GCF was lower in healthy patients, higher in periodontally involved patients, and reduced at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Clinical significance The IL-18 might be hypothetically beneficial in distinguishing health from disease and monitoring periodontal disease activity. How to cite this article Mahajani MJ, Jadhao VA, Wankhade PS, Samson E, Acharya VD, Tekale PD. Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid Interleukin-18 Level in Periodontal Health and Disease in Central Maharashtra (India) Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1085-1089.

Salivary Diagnosis - Clinical Uses in Assessing Oral Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Ioana Stanescu ◽  
Alexandra Totan ◽  
Florentina Rus ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
Brandusa Mocanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Oral Inflammation ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

The past decades demonstrated that saliva and its components represent a remarkable diagnosis fluid with valuable clinical uses for both oral and systemic diseases. At the same time it is well established that oxidative stress is involved in a wide number of pathologies, including periodontitis. The specific aim of the present study which included 50 subjects is to determine if saliva can be used in clinical settings to correlate oxidative stress and tissue destruction markers with the severity of periodontal disease. An important oxidative stress marker - 8-hydroxydesoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and a collagen degradation marker - beta-crosslaps (b-CTX) were quantified in both saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using ELISA kits and were found to be significantly increased in the chronic periodontitis group when compared to respective controls (p[0.05). At the same time positive correlations were observed between whole saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (p[0.05). Significant correlations were also determined between GCF and salivary markers and clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Present results demonstrate that saliva and its components can successfully be used in clinical settings and represents a reliable tool for assessing periodontal disease severity.

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