scholarly journals Proof of Engagement: A Flexible Blockchain Consensus Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yuntao Xu ◽  
Xingyu Yang ◽  
Jiale Zhang ◽  
Junwu Zhu ◽  
Maosheng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Incentive Compatibility ◽  
Matthew Effect ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Negative Impacts

Consensus mechanism plays an important role in blockchain. At present, mainstream consensus mechanisms include proof of work (PoW), proof of stake (PoS), and delegated proof of stake (DPoS). PoW, as is widely used in virtual currency, results in significant energy consumption; PoS and DPoS are proposed to reduce energy waste caused by PoW, but their disadvantage is that they tend to create Matthew Effect (ME): “the rich get richer.” In order to balance the discourse power of new nodes and elder ones, this paper proposes a flexible consensus mechanism called proof of engagement (PoE), based on the activity and contribution of network nodes. We analyze the incentive compatibility of PoE from the perspective of mechanism design. In our simulation experiments, we tested the profit changes under PoW, PoS, and PoE. The results illustrate it is easier for new nodes to accumulate their profits under PoE than under PoW or PoS, so as to reduce the negative impacts of ME.

Spatial-temporal data collection process models using mobile sinks

2019 ◽  
Vol 942 (12) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
A.V. Materuhin ◽  
V.V. Shakhov ◽  
O.D. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Mobile Sinks ◽  
Autonomous Operation ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Optimization of energy consumption in geosensor networks is a very important factor in ensuring stability, since geosensors used for environmental monitoring have limited possibilities for recharging batteries. The article is a concise presentation of the research results in the area of increasing the energy consumption efficiency for the process of collecting spatio-temporal data with wireless geosensor networks. It is shown that in the currently used configurations of geosensor networks there is a predominant direction of the transmitted traffic, which leads to the fact that through the routing nodes that are close to the sinks, a much more traffic passes than through other network nodes. Thus, an imbalance of energy consumption arises in the network, which leads to a decrease in the autonomous operation time of the entire wireless geosensor networks. It is proposed to use the possible mobility of sinks as an optimization resource. A mathematical model for the analysis of the lifetime of a wireless geosensor network using mobile sinks is proposed. The model is analyzed from the point of view of optimization energy consumption by sensors. The proposed approach allows increasing the lifetime of wireless geosensor networks by optimizing the relocation of mobile sinks.

Book Reviews

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-591
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Incentive Compatibility ◽  
Dominant Strategy ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Dynamic Mechanism Design ◽  
Temple University ◽  
The University ◽  
Robust Mechanism Design

Dimitrios Diamantaras of Temple University reviews “An Introduction to the Theory of Mechanism Design,” by Tilman Börgers. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Presents explanations of classic results in the theory of mechanism design and examines the frontiers of research in mechanism design in a text written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of economics who have a good understanding of game theory. Discusses screening; examples of Bayesian mechanism design; examples of dominant strategy mechanisms; incentive compatibility; Bayesian mechanism design; dominant strategy mechanisms; nontransferable utility; informational interdependence; robust mechanism design; and dynamic mechanism design. Börgers is Samuel Zell Professor of the Economics of Risk at the University of Michigan.”

scholarly journals Secure and Low Energy Consumption Range Query in Tiered Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Ling ◽  
Qi Dong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Range Query ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

For the requirement of low energy consumption and high privacy-preserving in wireless sensor networks of range query, we propose a low energy consumption secure and verifiable range query protocol called SPRQ.SPRQ uses a novel prime aggregation to protect the privacy of the query data; We further propose an idea of the and value chain whereby data items collected by each sensor will be linked with each other just like a chain.The Sink verifies the integrity of query results by checking whether the data chain of each sensor is complete or not. The results of simulation experiments prove that prime aggregation can effectively reduce the amount of increased data in the prefix encoding process,so,network energy consumption is lower compared with other secure range query protocols.

scholarly journals Energy, Emissions and the Economy: Empirical Analysis from Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4II) ◽  
pp. 383-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Sadaf Shahab
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Energy Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

It is now an established fact that the most important environmental problem of our era is global warming.1 The rising quantity of worldwide carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions seems to be escalating this problem. As the emissions generally result from consumption of fossil fuels, decreasing energy spending seems to be the direct way of handling the emissions problem. However, because of the possible negative impacts on economic growth, cutting the energy utilisation is likely to be the “less preferred road”. Moreover, if the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis applies to the emissions and income link, economic growth by itself may become a solution to the problem of environmental degradation [Rothman and de Bruyn (1998)]. Coondoo and Dinda (2002), however, argue that both developing and developed economies must sacrifice economic growth. Still, countries may opt for different policies to fight global environmental problems, mainly depending on the type of relationship between CO2 emissions, income, and energy consumption over the long run [Soytas and Sari (2006)]. Hence, the emissions-energy-income nexus needs to be studied carefully and in detail for every economy, but more so for the developing countries. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and the economy in Pakistan from a long run perspective, in a multivariate framework controlling for gross fixed capital, labour and exports by employing ARDL bounds testing approach.

scholarly journals Analysis of Stiffness and Energy Consumption of Nonlinear Elastic Joint Legged Robot

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dongliang Chen ◽  
Jindong Zhang ◽  
Xutao Weng ◽  
Yunjian Zhang ◽  
Zhonghui Shi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Legged Robot ◽  
Spring Stiffness ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Torsion Spring ◽  
Elastic Joint ◽  
Output Torque ◽  
Nonlinear Elastic ◽  
Elastic Unit

In order to reduce the energy consumption of the legged robot in walking, this paper designs a kind of nonlinear elastic joint from the flexible variable-stiffness joint based on the mammal walking on the limb and optimizes the leg structure of the legged robot. The motor is rigidly connected to the articulated lever. When the lever is accelerated or decelerated, the elastic unit is introduced. The system can be considered as a special variable-rate elastic system. This paper will study it from theory and simulation experiments. Based on the dynamic analysis, a functional relationship between the output torque and the torsion spring stiffness and between the energy consumption and the torsion spring stiffness was established. By finding the extremum, the two optimum torsional spring stiffness that can minimize the required output average torque and the energy consumed during one cycle of motion were deduced. The results show that using this design in a reasonable position can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the system and can achieve up to a 50% reduction in energy consumption.

Incentive Mechanism Design of the Cost Compensation in Electricity Universal Service

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3118-3121
Author(s):  
Hong Ze Li ◽  
Yan Cong Cheng ◽  
Chun Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Incentive Compatibility ◽  
Harmonious Society ◽  
Universal Service ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Power Enterprise ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Incentive Mechanism Design

Universal service is one of public functions of government and fundamental work in the system engineering for a harmonious society. Owing to the beneficiaries live in remote place, so the marginal cost of universal service is high, meal while The objection of power enterprises is inconsistent with a government's public functions. In order to encourage power enterprise to undertake universal service, government should provide the cost compensation that is based on the associated costs of universal service. For disclosing the real cost, this paper studied the conditions of individual rationality and incentive compatibility of the power enterprise undertaking universal service. Finally, it contributed a theoretical basis for the cost compensation.

An Arterial-Based Transit Signal Priority Control System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (18) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonmi Kim ◽  
Yao Cheng ◽  
Gang-Len Chang
Keyword(s):  
Transit Signal Priority ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Arterial Road ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Street Traffic ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Negative Impacts

To contend with the negative impacts of intersection-based transit system priority (TSP) control on side-street traffic, and also to enhance its effectiveness from the perspective of the whole traffic flow on the arterial, this study presents an integrated arterial-based TSP system to promote bus operations. The proposed system employs an off-line transit-based progression system to produce the base signal plan, in which is embedded a feature to minimize the negative effects of local TSP implementation on non-priority movements at critical intersections. With its specially designed evaluation function, the proposed system is capable of minimizing the ineffective activation of local TSP which often results in undesirable patterns of traffic arriving at the next intersection downstream and excessive delays for all vehicles. Extensive evaluation with simulation experiments confirms that the proposed system, integrating a local TSP with the transit-based signal progression system, can indeed circumvent the deficiencies of conventional TSP controls and produce the expected benefits to both passenger cars and transit vehicles over the entire arterial road.

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