scholarly journals TCDO: A Community-Based Ontology for Integrative Representation and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Drugs and Their Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Lihong Liu ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xingchao Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Description Logic ◽  
Semantic Annotation ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Basic Formal Ontology ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Chinese Drugs ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Traditional Chinese Drugs

Traditional Chinese drugs (TCDs) have been widely used in clinical practice in China and many other regions for thousands of years. Nowadays TCD’s bioactive ingredients and mechanisms of action are being identified. However, the lack of standardized terminologies or ontologies for the description of TCDs has hindered the interoperability and deep analysis of TCD knowledge and data. By aligning with the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), an ISO-approved top-level ontology, we constructed a community-driven TCD ontology (TCDO) with the aim of supporting standardized TCD representation and integrated analysis. TCDO provides logical and textual definitions of TCDs, TCD categories, and the properties of TCDs (i.e., nature, flavor, toxicity, and channel tropism). More than 400 popular TCD decoction pieces (TCD-DPs) and Chinese medicinal materials (CMMs) are systematically represented. The logical TCD representation in TCDO supports computer-assisted reasoning and queries using tools such as Description Logic (DL) and SPARQL queries. Our statistical analysis of the knowledge represented in TCDO revealed scientific insights about TCDs. A total of 36 TCDs with medium or high toxicity are most densely distributed, primarily in Aconitum genus, Lamiids clade, and Fabids clade. TCD toxicity is mostly associated with the hot nature and pungent or bitter flavors and has liver, kidney, and spleen channel tropism. The three pairs of TCD flavor-nature associations (i.e., bitter-cold, pungent-warm, and sweet-neutral) were identified. The significance of these findings is discussed. TCDO has also been used to support the development of a web-based traditional Chinese medicine semantic annotation system that provides comprehensive annotation for individual TCDs. As a novel formal TCD ontology, TCDO lays out a strong foundation for more advanced TCD studies in the future.

scholarly journals An Evolutionary Approach to Realism-based Adverse Event Representations

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (01) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Capolupo ◽  
G. de Moor ◽  
J. Devlies ◽  
B. Smith ◽  
W. Ceusters
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Biomedical Ontology ◽  
Open Biomedical Ontology ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Basic Formal Ontology ◽  
Relation Ontology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Event Representations

Summary Background: Part of the ReMINE project involved the creation of an ontology enabling computer-assisted decision support for optimal adverse event management. Objectives: The ontology was required to satisfy the following requirements: 1) to be able to account for the distinct and context-dependent ways in which authoritative sources define the term ‘adverse event’, 2) to allow the identification of relevant risks against patient safety (RAPS) on the basis of the disease history of a patient as documented in electronic health records, and 3) to be compatible with present and future ontologies developed under the Open Biomedical Ontology (OBO) Foundry framework. Methods: We used as feeder ontologies the Basic Formal Ontology, the Foundational Model of Anatomy, the Ontology for General Medical Science, the Information Artifact Ontology and the Ontology of Mental Health. We further used relations defined according to the pattern set forth in the OBO Relation Ontology. In light of the intended use of the ontology for the representation of adverse events that have actually occurred and therefore are registered in a database, we also applied the principles of referent tracking. Results: We merged the upper portions of the mentioned feeder ontologies and introduced 22 additional representational units of which 13 are generally applicable in biomedicine and nine in the adverse event context. We provided for each representational unit a textual definition that can be translated into equivalent formal definitions. Conclusion: The resulting ontology satisfies all of the requirements set forth. Merging the feeder ontologies, although all designed under the OBO Foundry principles, brought new insight into what the representational units of such ontologies actually denote.

Ontology of Card Sleights

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Aaron Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Description Logic ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Basic Formal Ontology ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
The Web

We present a machine-readable movement writing for sleightof-hand moves with cards - a "Labanotation of card magic." This scheme of movement writing contains 440 categories of motion, and appears to taxonomize all card sleights that have appeared in over 1500 publications. The movement writing is axiomatized in SROIQ(D) Description Logic, and collected formally as an Ontology of Card Sleights, a computational ontology that extends the Basic Formal Ontology and the Information Artifact Ontology. The Ontology of Card Sleights is implemented in OWL DL, a Description Logic fragment of the Web Ontology Language. While ontologies have historically been used to classify at a less granular level, the algorithmic nature of card tricks allows us to transcribe a performer's actions step by step. We conclude by discussing design criteria we have used to ensure the ontology can be accessed and modified with a simple click-and-drag interface. This may allow database searches and performance transcriptions by users with card magic knowledge, but no ontology background.

scholarly journals Quality control of traditional chinese drugs by high performance liquid chromatography.

1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki HITOMI ◽  
Kesamitsu SHIMIZU ◽  
Keiichi YAMAMOTO ◽  
Osamu MIURA ◽  
Eizaburo YUMIOKA
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chinese Drugs ◽  
Traditional Chinese Drugs

scholarly journals Web-Based Computer Assisted Design Dimensi Bangunan Talang & Gorong-Gorong

2018 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Jasmila Jasmila ◽  
Ahmad Munir ◽  
Mahmud Achmad
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Web Development ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Computer Assisted Design ◽  
Development Life Cycle

Salah satu aspek sarana dan prasana yang penting untuk pertanian adalah bangunan irigasi. Bangunan irigasi berfungsi untuk menyediakan aliran air pada areal persawahan. Pada bangunan irigasi terdapat berbagai jenis bangunan termasuk bangunan pelengkap. Secara umum proses perancangan bangunan irigasi terkhusus pada bangunan talang dan gorong-gorong masih dilakukan secara manual dimana membutuhkan analisis perhitungan dimensi dan perancangan yang rumit. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, didukung dengan kemajuan teknologi informasi (TI) maka dapat diterapkan sistem perancangan secara online melalui sistem website yaitu web based computer assisted design. Tujuan website ini yaitu dapat digunakan untuk membantu perhitungan secara umum atau perancangan bangunan irigasi dalam melakukan pekerjaan perhitungan dimensi bangunan pelengkap irigasi. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode Web Development Life Cycle (WDLC) yang meliputi analisis kebutuhan, website planning, pengembangan web dan implementasi. Hasil penelitian menampilkan website yang terdiri dari beberapa menu yaitu menu home, konversi, kalkulator, referensi, bantuan dan tentang. Dari enam menu yang ada terdapat dua menu utama dan empat menu tambahan, yang menjadi menu utama yaitu menu konversi dan kalkulator. Pada menu konversi dapat digunakan untuk mengkonversi jenis satuan Panjang, kecepatan, dan volume sedangkan pada menu kalkulator terdapat kalkulator untuk perhitungan dimensi gorong-gorong dan talang yang terdiri dari luas penampang (A), jari-jari hidrolis (R), keliling basah (P) lebar saluran (b), kedalaman saluran (h). Dengan demikian para perancang dapat dengan mudah melakukan perencanaan dan perancangan bangunan yang ekonomis dengan memperhitungankan dimensi yang sesuai dengan perhitungan.

scholarly journals A Semantic Web-based Representation of Human-logical Inference for Solving Bongard Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1343-1363
Author(s):  
Jisha Maniamma ◽  
Hiroaki Wagatsuma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Logical Inference ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Target Frame

Bongard Problems (BPs) are a set of 100 visual puzzles introduced by M. M. Bongard in the mid-1960s. BPs have been established as benchmark puzzles for understanding the human context-based learning abilities to solve ill- posed problems. The puzzle requires the logical explanation as the answer to distinct two classes of figures from redundant options, which can be obtained by a thinking process to alternatively change the target frame (hierarchical level of analogy) of thinking from a wide range concept networks as D. R. Hofstadter suggested. Some minor research results to solve a limited set of BPs have reported based a single architecture accompanied with probabilistic approaches; however the central problem on BP's difficulties is the requirement of flexible changes of the target frame, therefore non-hierarchical cluster analyses does not provide the essential solution and hierarchical probabilistic models needs to include unnecessary levels for learning from the beginning to prevent a prompt decision making. We hypothesized that logical reasoning process with limited numbers of meta-data descriptions realizes the sophisticated and prompt decision-making and the performance is validated by using BPs. In this study, a semantic web-based hierarchical model to solve BPs was proposed as the minimum and transparent system to mimic human-logical inference process in solving of BPs by using the Description Logic (DL) with assertions on concepts (TBox) and individuals (ABox). Our results demonstrated that the proposed model not only provided individual solutions as a BP solver, but also proved the correctness of Hofstadter's idea as the flexible frame with concept networks for BPs in our actual implementation, which no one has ever achieved. This fact will open the new horizon for theories for designing of logical reasoning systems especially for critical judgments and serious decision-making as expert humans do in a transparent and descriptive way of why they judged in that manner.

scholarly journals Web-based performance support system for school-based curriculum development: SBCDSS

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Ruey Juang ◽  
Tzu-Chien Liu ◽  
Tak-Wai Chan
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Support System ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Performance Support ◽  
Electronic Performance Support System ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Performance Support System ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
School Based

School-based curricula are seen as the important strategy to facilitate educational reforms and are spread in many countries, especially in Asia. However, the efficiency of developing and implementing school-based curricula in most schools are very low because the tasks those need to be dealt with are very complex and difficult. How to develop and apply the electronic performance support system (EPSS) to simplify the complexity and to improve the efficiency of school" based curriculum development and implementation becomes the important research and practical issue. In our prior work, a web-based computer-assisted instructional planning system IPASS, was designed to provide a set of tools for individual teachers efficiently designing instructional plans. However, the system was dedicated for the design phase of curriculum development and did not support for all participants in different levels of school-based curriculum development working on curriculum analysis, design, implementation and evaluation. This study designs and develops a novel web-based performance support system SBCDSS, to assist the whole process of school-based curriculum development and implementation. The proposed system has been adopted in an elementary school in Taiwan and has received useful feedback regarding the usability and performance support for SBCD. Evaluation results and possible future work are discussed herein.

Application of the LDA Model to Semantic Annotation of Web-based English Educational Resources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Du ◽  
Haiyan Zhu ◽  
Teeraporn Saeheaw
Keyword(s):  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Semantic Annotation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Metadata Standard ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Teaching Content ◽  
Macroscopic Classification

Based on the LDA model, this paper builds a three-layer semantic model of Web English educational resources “document-topic-keyword”, models the semantic topics of resource documents, and obtains the semantic topics and keywords of document resources as the semantic labels of resources. The experimental results show that document LDA topic modeling is beneficial to the macroscopic classification of Web English educational resources. The experimental results show that LDA topic modeling of documents is useful for macroscopic cataloging of Web English educational resources, highlighting teaching priorities, difficulties, and interrelationships, while LDA modeling of teaching topics with the same teaching content expands the metadata generation method of resource description based on the basic education metadata standard and provides more information about the inherent characteristics of resources. The semantic information can be used to mine the semantic thematic features and detailed differences inherent in the resources, and the final performance analysis verifies the parallel computing advantages of the LDA model in a big data environment.

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