scholarly journals Travelers’ Adoption Behavior towards Electric Vehicles in Lahore, Pakistan: An Extension of Norm Activation Model (NAM) Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashraf Javid ◽  
Nazam Ali ◽  
Muhammad Abdullah ◽  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Syed Arif Hussain Shah
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Activation Model ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Personal Norm ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Willingness To Use

This study aims to identify the travelers’ adoption behavior towards electric vehicles (EVs) using the theoretical background of the Norm Activation Model (NAM) theory. A questionnaire was designed and conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 402 usable samples were obtained. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling methods. The factor analysis confirmed the hypothesis of the statements designed according to the NAM theory, that is, awareness of consequences (AC), ascription of responsibility (AR), and personal norm (PN). Other factor analyses resulted in the following reliable factors: social and economic values (SEV), personal preferences (PP), willingness to buy (Buy), and willingness to use (Use) of an EV. The results of SEM revealed that the AC, AR, and SEV are significant predictors of PN, whereas the PN and PP are also positive predictors of travelers’ willingness to buy and use. The young travelers (≤30 years), motorcycle users, employees, and trip distance (>10 km) have significant and positive correlations with the PN. The car ownership status of travelers has a positive correlation with the ownership and usage of EVs. Suitable behavioral intervention techniques were derived to promote the ownership and usage of EVs in the context of developing regions.

Determinants of EVs adoption: a study on green behavior of consumers

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajitabh Dash
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adoption Decision

PurposeThis study has a principal objective of exploring and analyzing the factors affecting adoption or acceptance of eco-friendly electric vehicles in India.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were gathered through a predesigned questionnaire from 355 vehicle owners of Delhi using simple random sampling method. Statistical softwares like SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze the primary data collected for the study. Statistical techniques like exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were usesd to infer a meaningful conclusion from the investigation.FindingsThrough this study, a statistically significant relationship between environmental concern, knowledge of EV, subjective norm and attitude toward electric vehicle were investigated. Similarly attitude is responsible for a significant variation in adoption decision.Practical implicationsThe findings of the present study underscore the requirement for marketers to build up a systematic strategy for easier adoption of electric vehicles in India. On account of this, this study developed a model of potential determinants of adoption decision toward EVs in India, based on statistically significant evidences.Originality/valueThis study adds to the body of literature by exploring and testing the factors affecting the adoption of eco-friendly products like electric vehicle that were not emphasized earlier in Indian context and second by growing theoretically consistent operationalization for the marketing of electric vehicles. These upgrades brought about a last model with an unrivaled illustrative power.

Antecedents of women entrepreneurs’ performance: an empirical perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Jha ◽  
Md. Moddassir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study investigates the antecedents of women entrepreneurs’ performance in an emerging economy. Based on the review of extant literature, six antecedents of women entrepreneurs’ performance, namely, motivation, networking, socio-cultural, business environment, training and development, and financials were proposed and subsequently empirically examined.Design/methodology/approachGaps in the literature were identified, based on which the theoretical background of the study was formulated. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to confirm the factor-item structure. The impact of explanatory variables was investigated using the structural equation modeling (SEM) based path analysis.FindingsThe study concludes that motivation, networking, socio-cultural, business environment, training and development, and financials have a significant positive influence on the performance of the women entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of quality research that holistically investigates the key antecedents of performance among women entrepreneurs. Most existing studies have not considered the possible antecedents of performance concomitantly. Additionally, the relationships have been measured individually rather than at the construct level. Further, a majority of the existing studies investigating the performance of women entrepreneurs have been confined to settings within developed countries. By providing insight into the antecedents of women entrepreneurs’ performance elsewhere, the present study attempts to bridge these identified gaps. This study is expected to advance the knowledge about the factors influencing the performance of women entrepreneurs in emerging economies such as India. These insights will likely be valuable when creating policies related to this crucial aspect of economic development.

Celebrity Worship Among University Students in Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren Swami ◽  
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic ◽  
Khairul Mastor ◽  
Fatin Hazwani Siran ◽  
Mohammad Mohsein Mohammad Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Movie Stars ◽  
Three Factor

The present study examined conceptual issues surrounding celebrity worship in a Malay-speaking population. In total, 512 Malay and 269 Chinese participants from Malaysia indicated who their favorite celebrity was and completed the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) as well as a range of demographic items. Results showed that the majority of Malay and Chinese participants selected pop stars and movie stars as their favourite celebrities, mirroring findings in Western settings. In addition, exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor solution of the CAS that was consistent with previous studies conducted in the West. Structural equation modeling further revealed that participant’s age was negatively associated with celebrity worship and that self-rated attractiveness was positively associated with celebrity worship. Overall, the present results suggest that celebrity worship in Malaysia may be driven by market and media forces, and future research may well be guided by use of the CAS.

A Comparison of Reliability Estimation Based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 001316442110089
Author(s):  
Yuanshu Fu ◽  
Zhonglin Wen ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Composite Reliability

Composite reliability, or coefficient omega, can be estimated using structural equation modeling. Composite reliability is usually estimated under the basic independent clusters model of confirmatory factor analysis (ICM-CFA). However, due to the existence of cross-loadings, the model fit of the exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) is often found to be substantially better than that of ICM-CFA. The present study first illustrated the method used to estimate composite reliability under ESEM and then compared the difference between ESEM and ICM-CFA in terms of composite reliability estimation under various indicators per factor, target factor loadings, cross-loadings, and sample sizes. The results showed no apparent difference in using ESEM or ICM-CFA for estimating composite reliability, and the rotation type did not affect the composite reliability estimates generated by ESEM. An empirical example was given as further proof of the results of the simulation studies. Based on the present study, we suggest that if the model fit of ESEM (regardless of the utilized rotation criteria) is acceptable but that of ICM-CFA is not, the composite reliability estimates based on the above two models should be similar. If the target factor loadings are relatively small, researchers should increase the number of indicators per factor or increase the sample size.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Learning Style Scale for E-Learners

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110223
Author(s):  
Nabia Luqman Siddiquei ◽  
Ruhi Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Significant Addition ◽  
Development And Validation

The present study aimed to develop an indigenous measure of learning styles for e-learners in Pakistan and to establish its psychometric properties. The objectives of the study were attained via three studies. First, the items for the development of the Learning Style Scale for e-Learners (e-LSS) were generated empirically based on a 5-point Likert-type scale. In Study I, the internal consistency and dimensionality of the measure were determined by sampling 360 e-learners aged from 20 to 40 years through a convenient sampling technique, whereas other demographic characteristics were kept in close consideration. For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis was utilized. In Study II of scale development, the factor structure that emerged in Study I was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling. In Study III, the convergent and divergent validities of the newly constructed scale were established by correlating scores with preestablished scale scores that assess the similar construct (i.e., LSS) and with scores on the discriminant construct (i.e., Solving Problems Survey). The sample for this study consisted of 80 e-learners aged from 20 to 40 years. A total of 29 items were confirmed in the final scale with 8 distinctive factors (namely, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, global, analytical, individual, collaborative, and technological type) with sound psychometric properties. To conclude, the newly constructed scale was a significant addition to assess learning styles particularly of e-learners in the context of Pakistan.

Θεματικά μουσεία της Ελλάδας και τουριστικό μάρκετινγκ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Παναγιώτης Ιωακειμίδης
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αποσκοπεί στο να καταγράψει την ικανοποίηση των επισκεπτών από τις παρεχόμενες υπηρεσίες στα θεματικά μουσεία της Ελλάδας, την πρόθεση συμπεριφοράς των επισκεπτών και κατά πόσο τεχνικές του τουριστικού μάρκετινγκ λαμβάνουν χώρα στα θεματικά μουσεία. Έγινε μία προσπάθεια να καταγραφούν οι απόψεις των ανθρώπων των θεματικών μουσείων και η αντίληψή τους σχετικά με το τουριστικό μάρκετινγκ, οι αντιλήψεις των επισκεπτών σχετικά με την εμπειρία που βιώνουν σε ένα θεματικό μουσείο, ο βαθμός ικανοποίησης τους, η υφιστάμενη κατάσταση που επικρατεί στα θεματικά μουσεία της χώρας και οι ενδεχόμενες αλλαγές που μπορούν να προκύψουν με απώτερο σκοπό την αύξηση της επισκεψιμότητας. Ένα αξιοσημείωτο της παρούσας έρευνας, είναι ένας σημαντικός αριθμός προσωπικών συνεντεύξεων με κατοίκους περιμετρικά των μουσείων που ερευνήθηκαν και η προσπάθεια καταγραφής των απόψεων και αντιλήψεων τους για τα μουσεία αυτά.Διενεργήθηκε επίσης μία ποσοτική έρευνα σε επισκέπτες θεματικών μουσείων της χώρας μας αλλά και στο ανθρώπινο δυναμικό που εργάζεται σε πολιτιστικούς οργανισμούς, καθώς και εκπαιδευτικούς. Διακρίνοντας τα μουσεία σε δημόσια και ιδιωτικά, σημαντική ήταν η καταγραφή απόψεων ότι στα περισσότερα δημόσια θεματικά μουσεία τα οποία λειτουργούν κάτω από την επίβλεψη του δημόσιου φορέα, δεν υπάρχουν συχνά δυνατότητες για καινοτομία και πρωτοτυπία. Τα πορίσματα της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι αρκετά σημαντικά λόγω της έλλειψης προηγούμενης έρευνας επάνω στα θεματικά μουσεία της Ελλάδας, από την οπτική του μάρκετινγκ και την αναγκαιότητα αυτού. Η πλειονότητα των ανθρώπων των θεματικών μουσείων με τους οποίους ήρθα σε επαφή, εντοπίζουν την ανάγκη για τεχνικές τουριστικού μάρκετινγκ στα μουσεία καθώς όλοι αντιλαμβάνονται ότι οι επισκέπτες αναζητούν ποιοτικότερες ψυχαγωγικές επιλογές, έχουν περισσότερες απαιτήσεις επισκεπτόμενοι ένα θεματικό μουσείο και ευελπιστούν σε μία βιωματική και διαδραστική εμπειρία που θα τους μείνει αξέχαστη. Σε αυτό το εγχείρημα, συνεργός είναι τα ποικίλα οπτικοακουστικά μέσα των νέων τεχνολογιών που ενισχύουν το βιωματικό χαρακτήρα της επίσκεψης και ερευνώνται στη διατριβή. Η παρούσα διατριβή αποτελεί μία πρώτη προσπάθεια χαρτογράφησης των τεχνικών τουριστικού μάρκετινγκ που χρησιμοποιούν τα θεματικά μουσεία της χώρας , τις σημαντικές ιδιαιτερότητες του τουρισμού που έχουν άμεση επίδραση στην επισκεψιμότητα των θεματικών μουσείων και τέλος προτάσσει ενέργειες και τεχνικές μάρκετινγκ για να δημιουργηθεί ένας ενάρετος κύκλος πολιτισμού - ψυχαγωγίας - οικονομίας. Για την επεξεργασία των δεδομένων της ποσοτικής έρευνας χρησιμοποιήθηκε το στατιστικό εργαλείο SPSS, αναλύθηκαν τα ευρήματα της Διερευνητικής Ανάλυσης Παραγόντων (Exploratory Factor Analysis) και των τεστ αξιοπιστίας με τον δείκτη Cronbach’s Alpha, εφαρμόζοντας και την μέθοδο Μοντελοποίησης Δομικών Εξισώσεων (Structural Equation Modeling, SEM) για τον έλεγχο των ερευνητικών υποθέσεων. Οι ερευνητικές υποθέσεις δημιουργήθηκαν έπειτα από ενδελεχή έρευνα μοντέλων που εφαρμόστηκαν σε προηγμένες μουσειολογικά χώρες, όπως η Ισπανία, η Ιταλία, η Ολλανδία κ.α. και μπορούν να ληφθούν σοβαρά υπόψιν στο κοινωνικό-οικονομικό περιβάλλον της Ελλάδας. Απώτερος στόχος του ερευνητικού μοντέλου είναι εάν ο επισκέπτης θα οδηγηθεί σε μελλοντική επίσκεψη (revisit ) ή θα αποτελέσει ο ίδιος κινητή διαφήμιση word-of-mouth του μουσείου που επισκέφθηκε.Η έρευνα αποτελεί οδηγό για μελλοντικές έρευνες που θα πλαισιώσουν ή θα συμπεριλάβουν τα θεματικά μουσεία για νέες μελέτες, όπως για παράδειγμα πολιτιστικές διαδρομές και είναι ένα χρήσιμο εργαλείο που έρχεται να καλύψει το ερευνητικό κενό που υπάρχει γύρω από το είδος των μουσείων αυτών.

Chinese perception and willingness to buy Taiwanese brands

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizar Souiden ◽  
Riadh Ladhari ◽  
Liu Chang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Brand Quality ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine ethnocentrism and animosity in a special context of two societies that share cultural, historical, ethnic and geographical characteristics. In particular, it first investigates the relationships between Chinese ethnocentrism and animosity toward Taiwan, and then it examines the impact of these two factors on the Chinese perception of Taiwanese brand quality and their purchase intent. Design/methodology/approach Based on a sample of 605 respondents from China, data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Findings The results show that although Chinese animosity toward Taiwan is moderate, it is significantly driven by ethnocentrism, which has a significant and negative effect on willingness to buy, but not on the perception of Taiwanese brand quality. The Chinese animosity toward Taiwan, however, has negative and significant effects on their perception of Taiwanese brand quality and their intention of purchasing Taiwanese brands. Research limitations/implications The immense size of the country has impeded the representativeness of the authors’ sample and the generalizability of the results. Also, the study covers only one type of product. Practical implications Forming partnerships with local Chinese businesses and developing strong ties with local communities could be considered as a solution to minimize or circumvent the effect of animosity and might help foreign companies appear more “local.” Originality/value In contrast to past studies that investigated ethnocentrism and animosity in the context of countries presenting several differences (e.g. China vs USA), this study investigates the effect of ethnocentrism and animosity in the context of two countries (China and Taiwan) that share cultural, historical, ethnic and geographic characteristics. Despite the strong ties between the two countries, the Chinese have a certain animosity, though moderate, toward Taiwan and consequently are less inclined to buy Taiwanese brands. This implies that Chinese animosity toward a country may be toned down or pronounced, depending on whether they have strong or weak ties with that country.

scholarly journals Examining the ParticipACTION brand using the brand equity pyramid

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lithopoulos ◽  
Peter A. Dacin ◽  
Tanya R. Berry ◽  
Guy Faulkner ◽  
Norm O’Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose The brand equity pyramid is a theory that explains how people develop loyalty and an attachment to a brand. The purpose of this study is to test whether the predictions made by the theory hold when applied to the brand of ParticipACTION, a Canadian non-profit organization that promotes active living. A secondary objective was to test whether this theory predicted intentions to be more physically active. Design/methodology/approach A research agency conducted a cross-sectional, online brand health survey on behalf of ParticipACTION. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis established the factor structure. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. Findings A nationally representative sample of Canadian adults (N = 1,191) completed the survey. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported a hypothesized five-factor brand equity framework (i.e. brand identity, brand meaning, brand responses, brand resonance and intentions). A series of structural equation models also provided support for the hypothesized relationships between the variables. Practical implications Though preliminary, the results provide a guide for understanding the branding process in the activity-promotion context. The constructs identified as being influential in this process can be targeted by activity-promotion organizations to improve brand strength. A strong organizational brand could augment activity-promotion interventions. A strong brand may also help the organization better compete against other brands promoting messages that are antithetical to their own. Originality/value This is the first study to test the brand equity pyramid using an activity-promotion brand. Results demonstrate that the brand equity pyramid may be useful in this context.

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