In-Body Electromagnetic Sensor Combined with AI-Enhanced Electrocardiography for Pacemaker Working Status Telemonitoring

This paper describes the design and implementation of an in-body electromagnetic sensor for patients with implanted pacemakers. The sensor can either be mounted on myocardial tissue and monitor the electrocardiography (ECG) with contact electrodes or implanted under the skin and monitor the ECG with coaxial leads. A 16-bit high-resolution analog front-end (AFE) and an energy-efficient 32-bit CPU are used for instantaneous ECG recording. Wireless data transmission between the sensor and clinician’s computer is achieved by an embedded low-power Bluetooth transmitter. In order to automatically recognize the working status of the pacemaker and alarm the episodes of arrhythmias caused by pacemaker malfunctions, pacing mode classification and fault diagnosis on the recorded ECG were achieved based on an AI algorithm, i.e., a resource allocation network (RAN). A prototype of the sensor was implemented on a human torso, and the in vitro test results prove that the sensor can work properly for the 1-4-meter transmission range.

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Inhibition of Biofilm Formation in Bacteria by Essential Oils: تثبيط تكون البيوفيلم في البكتيريا بواسطة الزيوت العطرية

Journal of medical and pharmaceutical sciences - مجلة العلوم الطبية و الصيدلانية ◽

10.26389/ajsrp.l091220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mashaeal Saud Alshilawi, Howard Foster

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Research Question ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Anova Analysis ◽

Black Seed ◽

Vitro Test

The formation of S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa biofilms were successfully inhibited in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of S. aromaticum (clove) and L. angustifolia (lavender) essential oils. These substances achieved good in-vitro test results. On the other hand, pure and organic types of N. sativa (black seed) essential oil did not exhibit any inhibitory effects on the biofilm formed by the tested bacteria. Although the tested essential oils may share a similar mechanism of action, ANOVA analysis showed strong statistical differences between all essential oils at their sub-MIC levels, and also identified two different trends, biofilm inhibitors, represented by S. aromaticum (clove) and L. angustifolia (lavender) oils, and biofilm stimulators, represented by both types of N. sativa (black seed) oils. A more thorough perspective on the research question could be achieved by considering the various elements that have essentially contributed to the processes and the findings within this study.

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Correlating Labeling Chemistry and in-vitro Test Results with the Biological Behavior of Radiolabeled Proteins

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460088600100301 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 111-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Suresh C. Srivastava ◽

George E. Meinken

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Chelating Agent ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Tissue Uptake ◽

Blood Clearance ◽

Test Results ◽

Vitro Test

A study of the effect of various rediochemical labeling parameters on the in-vivo behavior of proteins, in particular of monoclonal antibodies, was carried out. Both radioiodination, and radiometal labeling (using protein-chelating agent conjugates), of antimelanoma, antiplatelet, and anticolon carcinoma monoclonal antibodies (222.28s, 7E3, and GA-733 respectively), as well as the direct labeling of human serum albumin with 99m Tc, were investigated. Different aspects of the biological behavior are affected in relation to the labeling chemistry involved. These include the immunoreactivity, blood clearance and tissue uptake kinetics, and rates and routes of excretion. Individual radionuclide effects have often to be addressed separately. Some antibodies are more susceptable to alteration from labeling conditions than others. Careful optimization of labeling and purification procedures is thus necessary for particular radionuclide/antibody combinations in order to obtain predictable and reproducible in-vivo results for both immunoscintigraphy and immunotherapy applications.

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EFEKTIVITAS SENYAWA NONATSIRI DARI Curcuma spp. TERHADAP PENEKANAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA BUAH CABAI

Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat ◽

10.21082/bullittro.v31n1.2020.21-30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Anella Retna Kumala Sari ◽

Firdaus Auliya Rahmah ◽

Syamsuddin Djauhari

Keyword(s):

Curcuma Longa ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Test Results ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Rotary Vacuum

One of the important diseases on chili is anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici. Curcuma extracts and their essential oils were known as antifungal, but nonessential compounds have not been widely tested. This study aimed to assay the effectiveness of nonessential compounds of Curcuma longa, C. zedoaria, and C. aeruginosa to C. annuum. This study was conducted in November 2014 until Mei 2015 at Brawijaya University. The nonessential compound was obtained by soaking rhizome of C. longa, C. zedoaria, and C. aeruginosa in methanol, then distilled byusing rotary vacuum evaporator. Nonessential chemical compunds were identified by using HPLC. Effectiveness evaluation of nonessential compounds from three species of Curcuma was done by in vitro and in vivo test. Tested treatments were three species of Curcuma spp and 6 concentration levels of nonessential compounds (0 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, 10 ppm, and 12 ppm). The xperiment was performed in Factorial Complete Randomized Design, with 18 treatments combination, and replicated three times. Results of HPLC analysis showed the rhizomes of the three Curcuma species contained curcumin and desmethoxycurcumin in various concentrations. The highest level was found in the C. longa extract (13.792 ppm curcumin and 67.156 ppm desmethoxycurcumin). However, in vitro test results showed nonessential compound of C. zedoaria was most effective in inhibiting C. annuum growth. The 10 ppm concentration inhibited 81.53 % of fungal growth. Further, the in vivo test, also indicated the same, it’s most effective in hampering the growth of anthracnose symptoms. Therefore, curcumin and desmethoxycurcumin from three species of Curcuma have potential to be developed as botanical fungicide.

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The Scientific Basis of the EYTEX™ System

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119299202000406 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 537-548

Author(s):

Virginia C. Gordon

Keyword(s):

Scientific Basis ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Ocular Irritation ◽

Oligomeric Protein ◽

The Matrix ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Time Variables

The EYTEX™ system is an in vitro method for predicting in vivo ocular irritation via a target biomacromolecular approach. EYTEX™ uses changes of relevant macromolecules upon exposure to chemicals and formulations to predict in vivo irritancy and toxicity endpoints. The EYTEX™ system is based on alterations in the conformation and hydration of an ordered macromolecular matrix. An oligomeric protein with a molar mass of approximately 300,000g/mol is the major active component of the reagent. This oligomer, characterised by 12 subunits, associates itself into strands which are then incorporated into a gel network. This network also includes smaller proteins, peptides, amino acids, aminoglycans and mucopolysaccharides, which contribute to the overall response of the macromolecular matrix to a diverse array of test compounds, such as acids, bases, salts, solvents, surfactants, lubricants, preservatives, emulsions, dyes, amines, amides and many others. The method has been extensively evaluated using chemicals and formulations from diverse classes and with different ranges of toxicity, representing various mechanisms of ocular toxicity. Results using the in vitro test correlate broadly with the Draize in vivo eye irritancy test results. Quantification of the EYTEX™ method is based on measurement of changes in optical density of the matrix, which are sensitive to the conformation and hydration of protein, as well as the order in the matrix. These changes, which occur when the matrix is exposed to chemicals and formulations, can be used to predict in vivo ocular irritancy. Calibrators and controls provide assay standardisation with a 4–8% coefficient of variation. Multiple dose and time variables relating to irritancy potential can be assessed and compared with Draize in vivo results. The EYTEX™ system provides a comprehensive set of four protocols suitable for analysing chemicals and formulations with varying degrees and mechanisms of ocular irritancy.

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Tin-Based Antitumour Drugs: New Developments

Metal-Based Drugs ◽

10.1155/mbd.1995.99 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 99-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Marcel Gielen

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Human Tumour ◽

New Developments ◽

Antitumour Drugs ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Tumour Cell Lines ◽

Human Tumour Cell Lines

An overview of the in vitro test results on several human tumour cell lines of several series of organotin compounds synthesized at the Free University of Brussels VUB. Several compounds exhibit excellent antitumour activities. in vivo screening also gave very promising results.

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Microbiologic and pharmacodynamic principals applied to the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of ampicillin/sulbactam: Analysis of the correlations between in vitro test results and clinical response

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/s0732-8893(97)00013-8 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 5-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ronald N. Jones ◽

Michael N. Dudley

Keyword(s):

Clinical Response ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Vitro Test

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In Vitro Modulation of Fecal Microflora Growth Using Fermented “Pisang Mas” Banana and Red Guava Juices

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.7.2.14 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 449-456

Author(s):

Kiky Chily Arum Dalu ◽

Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽

Jay Jayus

Keyword(s):

Control Sample ◽

Good Effect ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Test Results ◽

E Coli ◽

Fecal Microflora ◽

Banana Juice ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Dairy Milk

Probiotic drink like yoghurt from dairy milk is one of the most popular functional food. However, some people are not able to consume dairy milk due to lactose intolerance. Thus, a substitute substrate such as fruit juice, is needed. It refers to prebiotic compounds that are found in some of fruits like banana and guava. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of fermented banana and guava juices on the viability of fecal microflora. The juices were made from banana or red guava fermented by Lactobacillus casei (15% v/v). In vitro test was conducted using indigenous human fecal bacteria (1% w/v). The viability of enteropathogens, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and total microbes was determined by enumeration as well as the prebiotic index of the fermented juices. The in vitro test results showed that both fermented juices could elevate the total microbes and LAB as compared to control sample. The viability of the total microbes and LAB increased by 2.16 log CFU/mL and 2.90 log CFU/mL for fermented banana juice (FBJ), respectively. The same trend was also observed in fermented guava juice (FGJ) with an increase by 1.92 log CFU/mL for total microbes and 2.99 log CFU/mL for LAB. Interestingly, both fermented juice could decrease the population of most enteropathogens compared to control sample. FBJ could decrease the population of E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Salmonella as low as 3.78, 3.32, and 1.37 log CFU/mL respectively. Meanwhile, FGJ could drop the number of E. coli (1.44 log CFU/mL), and Klebsiella sp. (1.29 log CFU/mL). Moreover, the prebiotic index for FBJ and FGJ were 2.57 and 2.16. In conclusion, both FBJ and FGJ were potential substrate for probiotic drink and had good effect for fecal microflora health.

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