scholarly journals Nanophthalmos: An Update on the Biological Parameters and Fundus Abnormalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ning Yang ◽  
Liang-Liang Zhao ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Lin-Lin Ma ◽  
Jin-Song Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Shallow Anterior Chamber ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
Biological Measurement

Nanophthalmos is a clinical phenotype of simple microphthalmos, in which the anterior and posterior segments of the eyeball do not develop into a normal size without other major ocular or systemic anomalies. Typical clinical manifestations of nanophthalmos include short axial length, thickened sclera, small cornea, shallow anterior chamber, and increased lens-to-eye volume ratio. Currently, there is a lack of recognized diagnostic criteria for nanophthalmos. With the development of eye examination technologies, such as biological measurement and imaging examination, visualization and quantification of the eyeball’s shape and structure in nanophthalmos can be realized. New clinical features have been reported, which are of great significance for diagnosing and treating nanophthalmos. This review introduces the related concepts of nanophthalmos and the new developments in its clinical characterization.

scholarly journals Retrospective Study of Vitreous Tap Technique Using Needle Aspiration for Management of Shallow Anterior Chamber during Phacoemulsification

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Ahmed Nossair ◽  
Wael Ahmed Ewais ◽  
Lamia Samy Ali
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Safe Technique ◽  
Shallow Anterior Chamber

Purpose.To evaluate the technique of vitreous tap using needle aspiration for management of anterior chamber shallowness during phacoemulsification.Methods.A retrospective study included 26 eyes of 17 patients who underwent phacoemulsification in which vitreous tap was performed using a 27-gauge needle attached to a 5 ml syringe, inserted 3.5 mm from the limbus to aspirate 0.2 ml of liquefied vitreous if a cohesive (OVD) failed to sufficiently deepen the anterior chamber.Results.Preoperative anterior chamber depth was 2.31 ± 0.26 mm, axial length was 21.7 ± 0.67 mm, lens thickness was 4.5 ± .19 mm, and cataract grade was 3.77 ± 1.4. Preoperative CDVA in LogMAR units was 0.98 ± 0.75. Coexisting angle closure glaucoma was present in 7 patients (26.92%) preoperatively. Vitreous needle tap was successful in vitreous removal on the first attempt in 26 eyes (100%). Postoperative follow-up period was 22.88 ± 10.24 (4–39) months. The final postoperative CDVA in LogMAR units was 0.07 ± 0.1, while the final postoperative IOP was 16.54 ± 1.45 mmHg. No complications related to vitreous tap were noted.Conclusion.Vitreous needle tap is a simple, cost-effective, and safe technique for management of shallow anterior chamber in phacoemulsification.

Early Vision Loss After Trabeculectomy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Fechtner ◽  
Albert S. Khouri
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Postoperative Astigmatism ◽  
Suture Tension ◽  
Myopic Shift ◽  
Hyperopic Shift ◽  
Shallow Anterior Chamber

“This surgery is designed to help you preserve the vision you have. If we are completely successful, you will not see worse once we are done.” Hardly an encouraging message we give to patients needing glaucoma surgery. An experienced glaucoma surgeon knows that aqueous diversion procedures are fraught with complications, including the ever terrifying loss of vision. Early complications of trabeculectomy that can lead to vision loss can be categorized as refractive, inflammatory/infectious, hemorrhagic, and other. It is important to recognize these complications promptly and understand the appropriate time to intervene. Thoughtful preoperative planning, meticulous technique, and a dose of good luck can help prevent these complications. It is the ability to anticipate, avoid, and manage complications that distinguishes the successful and satisfied glaucoma surgeon from a frustrated one. Trabeculectomy may induce new spherical and cylindrical aberrations. When intraocular pressure (IOP) is reduced, and particularly if there is overfiltration, the lens-iris diaphragm moves forward, and the anterior chamber shallows. These combined actions usually induce a spherical refractive error (myopic shift). The clinical signs of a myopic shift will be a shallow anterior chamber and visual acuity that will improve with a pinhole occluder or refraction. Interestingly, should the overfiltration be accompanied by macular edema, the myopic effect may be counteracted by a hyperopic shift due to macular elevation and shortening of axial length, and the patient may not have any change in refraction or may even have a hyperopic shift. For more information about axial length and changes in refraction, including after trabeculectomy, see Chapter 41. Astigmatic shift can have several origins. If a trabeculectomy flap is dissected too far anteriorly into the peripheral cornea and not sutured securely back to its origin, “against the rule” astigmatism can be induced. If a superiorly located flap is sutured with too much tension, astigmatism can be induced along the axis of the tightest suture(s), usually “with the rule.” (See Chapter 26.) Additionally, uneven suture tension in the conjunctival closure (whether limbus- or fornix-based) can affect the degree of postoperative astigmatism.

The Use of Oculopressor in Shallow Anterior Chamber Cataract Cases

2008 ◽  
Vol 225 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Bíró ◽  
T Kerek ◽  
K Aranyoss ◽  
P Gyaki
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Shallow Anterior Chamber

scholarly journals Prevalence and clinical phenotype of the triplicated α-globin genes and its ethnic and geographical distribution in Guizhou of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Luo ◽  
Xiang-mei Zhang ◽  
Liu-song Wu ◽  
Jindong Chen ◽  
Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Globin Genes ◽  
Phenotype Correlation ◽  
Chi Square

Abstract Background α-thalassemia is relatively endemic in Guizhou province of southwestern China. To predict the clinical manifestations of α-globin gene aberration for genetic counseling, we examined the prevalence of the α-globin triplication and the genotype–phenotype correlation in this subpopulation Methods A cohort of 7644 subjects was selected from nine ethnicities covering four regions in Guizhou province of China. Peripheral blood was collected from each participant for routine blood testing and hemoglobin electrophoresis. PCR-DNA sequencing and Gap-PCR were used to identify the thalassemia gene mutations. Chi-square tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to statistically analyze the data. Results We found that the frequency of α-globin triplication in Guizhou province was 0.772% (59/7644). Genotypically, the αααanti4.2/αα accounted for 0.523% (40/7644), the αααanti3.7/αα for 0.235% (18/7644), and the αααanti3.7/–SEA for 0.013% (1/7644). The αααanti4.2/αα is more prevalent than the αααanti3.7/αα in Guizhou. In addition, the frequency of the HKαα/αα (that by GAP-PCR is like αααanti4.2/-α3.7) was 0.235% (18/7644). Ethnically, the Tujia group presented the highest prevalence (2.47%) of α-globin triplication. Geographically, the highest frequency of the α-globin triplication was identified in Qiannan region (2.23%). Of the triplicated α-globin cases, 5 coinherited with heterozygote β-thalassemia and presented various clinical manifestations of anemia. Conclusions These data will be used to update the Chinese triplicated α-globin thalassemia database and provide insights into the pathogenesis of thalassemia. These findings will be helpful for the diagnosis of thalassemia and future genetic counseling in those regions.

Factors affecting changes in the intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Rita Dhamankar ◽  
◽  
Suhas S Haldipurkar ◽  
Tanvi Haldipurkar ◽  
Vijay Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Mean

AIM: To assess the changes in anterior chamber parameters and examine the factors associated with changes in the intraocular pressure (IOP) in individuals who have undergone phacoemulsification surgery. METHODS: It is a longitudinal analysis of secondary clinical data collected from 105 non-glaucomatous eyes (82 patients) undergoing a cataract surgery. We studied the association between anterior chamber parameters, grade of cataract, demographics, and changes in the IOP over a period of three weeks. We also evaluated the association between the pressure-depth (PD) ratio and changes in the IOP during this time. RESULTS: The mean age (SD) of the 82 patients was 60.1±7.8y. The mean±standard deviation (SD) IOP was 15.06±3.36 mm Hg pre-operatively; it increased to 15.75±4.21 mm Hg on day one (P=0.20). In the multifactorial models, the mean IOP was -1.715 (95%CI: -2.795, -0.636) mm Hg on day 21±5 compared with the pre-operative values. The anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length, age, sex, and grade of cataract were not significantly associated with changes in the IOP. Each unit increase in the PD ratio was associated with an increase in the mean IOP by 1.289 mm Hg (95%CI: 0.906, 1.671). After adjusting for pre-operative PD ratio, none of the other variables (ACD, axial length, temporal angle) were significantly associated with changes in mean IOP. CONCLUSION: The PD ratio was the single most important factor associated with the changes in post-operative IOP over three weeks post-surgery.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH AND ENDOTHELIAL CELL LOSS AFTER PHACOEMULSIFICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Gargi Verma ◽  
Kishor Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Endothelial Cell Loss ◽  
Endothelial Cell Damage ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Central Cornea ◽  
Shallow Anterior Chamber

Purpose: To assess the association between anterior chamber depth and endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsication Material and Methods: Ninety patients were recruited for this comparative type of observational study who were further divided into 3 groups according to anterior chamber depth (ACD). All patients underwent phacoemulsication procedure and intraocular implantation. Postoperatively endothelial cell loss (ECL) was calculated by measuring percentage decrease in endothelial cell density of central cornea and regression coefcient between ACD and ECLwas assessed in each group. Results: Endothelial cell loss was signicantly higher in shallow anterior chambers to other groups and the association between ACD and ECLwas signicant only in shallow anterior chamber depth group. Conclusion: Eyes with shallow anterior chamber depth are at higher risk for endothelial cell damage and shows an association between ACD and ECLwhen compared to deep anterior chamber depth.

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