scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Carried by Poultry in North of Morocco: A Preliminary Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Microbiological Laboratory ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

The transmission of antibiotic resistance to human population through food consumption is a global public health threat. This study aimed to assess the nasopharyngeal carriage of S. aureus in poultry and to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence-associated genes. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from chickens at the slaughterhouse of Tangier and immediately transported to the microbiological laboratory for phenotypic identification and assessment of antibiotic susceptibility. The presence of 16S rRNA, nuc, mecA, mecC, Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) genes were detected by PCR analysis for all isolates. Overall, 548 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, of which 17 (3.4%) were S. aureus positive. More than half of the strains (54%) were resistant to penicillin, 29.4% to tetracycline, 23.5% to erythromycin, and 17% showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. The mecA and mecC were not identified in any of the recovered isolates. Of the S. aureus recovered, 29.41% of the isolates were found to be toxinogenic; 17.64% and 11.76% were positive for PVL and TSST-1 encoding genes, respectively. The trends of antibiotic resistance and the toxinogenic S. aureus carried by the poultry intended for consumption in Tangier present a huge concern. Preventive and containment measures should be implemented in order to limit the dissemination of resistance genes through the food chain and to reduce their increased rate.

scholarly journals Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1-Positive Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: a French Multicenter Prospective Study in 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1734-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Robert ◽  
Anne Tristan ◽  
Laurent Cavalié ◽  
Jean-Winoc Decousser ◽  
Michèle Bes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Study ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

ABSTRACTThe epidemiology of community-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) differs from country to country. We assess the features of the ST80 European clone, which is the most prevalent PVL-positive CA-MRSA clone in Europe, and the TSST-1 ST5 clone that was recently described in France. In 2008, all MRSA strains susceptible to fluoroquinolones and gentamicin and resistant to fusidic acid that were isolated in 104 French laboratories were characterized usingagralleles,spatyping, and the staphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement and PCR profiling of 21 toxin genes. Three phenotypes were defined: (i) kanamycin resistant, associated with the ST80 clone; (ii) kanamycin and tobramycin resistant, associated with the ST5 clone; and (iii) aminoglycoside susceptible, which was less frequently associated with the ST5 clone. Among the 7,253 MRSA strains isolated, 91 (1.3%) were ST80 CA-MRSA (89 phenotype 1) and 190 (2.6%) were ST5 CA-MRSA (146 phenotype 2, 42 phenotype 3). Compared to the latter, ST80 CA-MRSAs were more likely to be community acquired (80% versus 46%) and found in young patients (median age, 26.0 years versus 49.5 years) with deep cutaneous infections (48% versus 6%). They were less likely to be tetracycline susceptible (22% versus 85%) and to be isolated from respiratory infections (6% versus 27%). The TSST-1 ST5 clone has rapidly emerged in France and has become even more prevalent than the ST80 European clone, whose prevalence has remained stable. The epidemiological and clinical patterns of the two clones differ drastically. Given the low prevalence of both among all staphylococcal infections, no modification of antibiotic recommendations is required yet.

scholarly journals Eugenol Reduces the Expression of Virulence-Related Exoproteins in Staphylococcus aureus

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (17) ◽  
pp. 5846-5851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiazhang Qiu ◽  
Haihua Feng ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Hua Xiang ◽  
Dacheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT Eugenol, an essential oil component in plants, has been demonstrated to possess activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This study examined the influence that subinhibitory concentrations of eugenol may have on the expression of the major exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. The results from a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release assay and a hemolysin assay indicated that S. aureus cultured with graded subinhibitory concentrations of eugenol (16 to 128 μg/ml) dose dependently decreased the TNF-inducing and hemolytic activities of culture supernatants. Western blot analysis showed that eugenol significantly reduced the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEB, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (the key exotoxins to induce TNF release), as well as the expression of α-hemolysin (the major hemolysin to cause hemolysis). In addition, this suppression was also evaluated at the transcriptional level via real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis. The transcriptional analysis indicated that 128 μg/ml of eugenol remarkably repressed the transcription of the S. aureus sea, seb, tst, and hla genes. According to these results, eugenol has the potential to be rationally applied on food products as a novel food antimicrobial agent both to inhibit the growth of bacteria and to suppress the production of exotoxins by S. aureus.

Superantigen genes encoded by the egc cluster and SaPIbov are predominant among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows, goats, sheep, rabbits and poultry

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davida S Smyth ◽  
Patrick J Hartigan ◽  
William J Meaney ◽  
J Ross Fitzgerald ◽  
Claudia F Deobald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Encoding Genes

In recent years several new staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) have been described, which currently have largely unknown frequencies of occurrence and roles in human or animal disease. One hundred and ninety-one Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows (99), goats (39), sheep (23), rabbits (15), chickens (15) and a cat (1) were screened for SE genes sea–see, seg–seo and seq and for the tst gene encoding staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 using multiplex PCRs and individual PCRs for the seb and sek genes. One hundred and ten isolates tested positive for at least one of these 16 superantigen (SAg)-encoding genes. There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of some of these SAg genes between isolates from different animals. No strain possessed either the sea or see gene. The sec gene was present in 51 isolates, the sed gene in eight and the seb gene in one. The seh gene was found in four strains and the sek and seq genes together in one isolate. The most common combinations of genes were the egc cluster, bearing the seg, sei, sem, sen and seo genes, in 47 isolates, the sec, sel and tst gene combination typical of the SaPIbov pathogenicity island in 44 isolates, the egc cluster lacking the seg gene in 11 isolates, the sed and sej genes in nine isolates, and the sec and tst genes without the sel gene in seven isolates. The higher frequencies of the sec and tst genes together and the lower frequencies of the egc gene cluster among the SAg gene-positive sheep or goat isolates compared to bovine isolates were statistically significant. Of 36 bovine isolates that were mitogenic for human T lymphocytes, four were negative for the 16 SAg genes tested for, while a further 14 gave borderline results in the mitogenicity assay, 12 of which were SAg gene-negative. Twenty-nine strains lacking all the SAg genes did not induce T-cell proliferation. This survey indicates that novel SE genes seg, sei, sel, sem, sen and seo along with the sec and tst genes predominate in S. aureus from animal hosts. The mitogenicity assays indicate that further uncharacterized SAgs may be present in bovine isolates.

Epidemic meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA-15) variants detected in healthy and diseased individuals in India

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savitha Nadig ◽  
Shilpa Ramachandra Raju ◽  
Gayathri Arakere
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

This study provides what we believe to be the first report of the presence of EMRSA-15 and its variants isolated from nasal swabs from 13 healthy and diseased individuals in India. The majority of the isolates belonged to staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV and spa type t852, whilst four isolates were non-typable and heterotypic for the presence of the mecA gene. All non-typable isolates were positive for the orfX gene by PCR and belonged to spa types t005 and t2986. They may have variant SCCmec cassettes indicating genetic changes occurring in the Indian EMRSA-15. All isolates were positive for Panton–Valentine leukocidin and toxic shock syndrome toxin, which is a cause for concern. In addition to soft-tissue infections, the EMRSA-15 isolates from patients were also responsible for meningitis and brain abscesses, which is quite rare.

Usefulness of antimicrobial resistance pattern for detecting PVL- or TSST-1-producing meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a French university hospital

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1337-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore ◽  
Michelle Thouverez ◽  
Gérard Couetdic ◽  
Pascal Cholley ◽  
Daniel Talon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Pfge Typing ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

Several recent reports have suggested that community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones, particularly those harbouring genes for Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) or toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), are increasingly responsible for infections in hospitals. Here, a retrospective study was carried out to investigate whether antimicrobial resistance patterns could be used to detect these pathogens in a French university hospital. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR profiling (PVL genes and tst), PFGE typing and multilocus sequence typing. Demographic and clinical data were collected from all patients. For PVL-positive MRSA, the typical antimicrobial resistance pattern (susceptible to fluoroquinolones, non-susceptible to fusidic acid, kanamycin resistant and susceptible to gentamicin and tobramycin) had a sensitivity of 77.8 % and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100 %. For tst-positive MRSA, the antimicrobial resistance pattern (susceptible to fluoroquinolones and non-susceptible to fusidic acid) had a sensitivity of 100 % and a PPV of 72.4 %. These results suggest that phenotypic rules based on antimicrobial resistance patterns are potentially useful for the detection of PVL- and tst-positive MRSA isolates.

scholarly journals Pheno- and Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates of Sheep Origin

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Mašlanková ◽  
Ivana Pilipčincová ◽  
Ľudmila Tkáčiková
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Rflp Pattern ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Collagen Binding ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Encoding Genes

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of genes encoding virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from raw sheep milk, sheep cheese and Bryndza cheese. Genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin (sea, seb, sec, sed and see), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst), exfoliative toxins (eta and etb) and collagen-binding protein (cna) were detected. In a total of 79 S. aureus isolates all assessed toxins encoding genes were found, except for see, eta and etb. Overall, 75.9% of S. aureus isolates were found to be positive for one or more toxin genes. The sec gene was found most frequently (24.1%), followed by tst (22.8%), seb (13.9%), sed (10.1%) and sea (5.1%). The cna gene was detected in 55.7% of S. aureus isolates. Based on tandem repeats in coa gene, five coa types were observed, further divided into 16 subtypes based on their RFLP pattern. Similarly tandem repeats in spa gene divided S. aureus isolates into 7 types. In the parallel antibiotic resistance study, 69.6% isolates were resistant to at least one of the 11 tested antibiotics. The pheno- and genotyping of S. aureus isolates of sheep origin presented in this work update the epidemiological data in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 and Their Association among Bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis Patients in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Heba M. Elsherif ◽  
Zeinab H. Helal ◽  
Mona R. El-Ansary ◽  
Zeinab A. Fahmy ◽  
Wafaa N. Eltayeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Duke Criteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

Purpose. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a major complication in patients with bacteremia of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus infection. Our aim was to determine the association of the major Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs), including Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), among hospitalized patients diagnosed with bacteremia and those with IE. Methods. This study was conducted on 88 patients; of these, 84 (95.5%) had two positive blood cultures. Eighteen out of the 84 patients (21.4%) were diagnosed based on the modified Duke criteria by a cardiologist to have IE. The recovered isolates were screened phenotypically using ELISA followed by molecular analysis of sea, seb, sec, sed, see, and tsst-1, the major SAg coding genes, and the obtained findings were statistically analyzed. Results. Phenotypic screening for SE production of 26 selected Staphylococci (15 isolated from the IE patients (10 S. aureus and 5 coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS)) and 11 from bacteremic patients (10 S. aureus and 1 CoNS)) using ELISA revealed that 12/26 (46%) isolates were SE producers. PCR analysis showed that 19 (73%) isolates were PCR positive for SAg genes with the highest prevalence of the sea gene (79%), followed by seb (63%) and tsst-1 (21%). The least frequent gene was sed (5.3%). Statistical correlations between bacteremic and IE isolates with respect to prevalence of SAgs showed no significant difference ( P value = 0.139, effect size = 0.572 ) indicating no specific association between any of the detected SAgs and IE. Conclusion. There is high prevalence of SEs among clinical isolates of Staphylococci recovered from patients suffering bacteremia and those with IE. No significant difference was found among Staphylococcal isolates recovered from patients with bacteremia or IE regarding both phenotypic and genotypic detection of the tested SAgs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document