scholarly journals Assessment of Airborne Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Shahrekord Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Davood Jalili ◽  
MohamadHadi Dehghani ◽  
Abdolmajid Fadaei ◽  
Mahmood Alimohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Airborne Microorganisms ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
The City

This paper presents information about airborne microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in the indoor air of two hospitals (Kashani and Hajar) in the city of Shahrekord, Iran. The settle plate technique using open Petri dishes containing different culture media was employed to collect a sample and using Quick Take 30 Sample Pump three days per week for a period of 8 weeks. Standard microbiological methods were employed for the identification of bacterial and fungal isolates. The results showed that the concentration of bacteria in the study area ranged from 0 to 70 cfu/plate/h, while the concentration of fungi was 0 to 280 cfu/plate/h. Also, 12 bacterial and 3 fungal species were isolated and identified with varying frequencies of occurrence, including Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia Citrobacter, Proteus, and Klebsiella, while the fungal genera isolated included Yeast, Aspergillus flavus, and Penicillium. While the bacterial isolates Staphylococcus aureus (20.50%) and Pseudomonas (9.10%) were the most predominant airborne bacteria, yeast (22.70%) and Penicillium (20.50%) were the most frequently isolated fungal species. The population of microorganisms was the highest during the afternoon. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the microbial loads of the two hospitals at P < 0.05 . The generated data underline the usefulness of monitoring the air quality of the indoor hospital.

Characterization of Bacteria and Fungi Bioaerosol in the Indoor Air of selected Primary Schools in Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Husna Mat Hussin ◽  
Lye Munn Sann ◽  
Mariana Nor Shamsudin ◽  
Zailina Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Inadequate Ventilation ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

This study reports the types and concentrations of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols found in five randomly selected primary schools in Malaysia. Normal flora bacteria was the most frequently isolated bacteria including Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. Terribacillus spp. found in this study had never been reported before. The most frequently isolated fungal genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Rhizopus and Zygomycetes. The average concentration of bacteria in indoor and outdoor air were 1025 ± 612 CFU/m3 and 1473 ± 1261 CFU/m3, respectively, while the average concentration of fungal bioaerosol in indoor and outdoor air were 292 ± 83 CFU/m3 and 401 ± 235 CFU/m3, respectively. The percentages of bacterial and fungal samples that were within the American Conference of Industrial Hygenists (ACGIH) recommended levels were 44% and 33.8%, respectively. The ratio of indoor to outdoor fungi concentration was below 1.0, suggesting minimal indoor generative source for fungal bioaerosols. However, the ratio of indoor to outdoor bacteria concentration was approaching 1.0, suggesting the presence of potential internal generative source and inadequate ventilation. Building occupants might be one of the potential sources of bacteria in the indoor air as the bacteria concentrations without occupants were significantly lower than with occupants (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals The Role of Microscopy in Indoor Air Quality Investigations

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
R.B. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Handling System ◽  
System Components ◽  
Dormant Forms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Indoor Conditions

Numerous studies have demonstrated that fungi are capable of colonizing a range of indoor construction and finishing materials as well as a number of air handling system components. Many of the species found are known to produce mycotoxins and demonstration of the presence of ‘toxic mould’ in both the workplace and in dwellings has become a major issue. Mould issues now are the focus of litigation or are currently in contention in a number of states and hundreds of millions of dollars are at stake.The indoor environment harbors a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. Under normal indoor conditions most of these organisms are present as dormant forms. The fungi persist either as conidia (asexual spores), sexual spores, or hyphal fragments. The presence of water in an environment may lead to the growth and proliferation of fungal species, sometimes resulting in deterioration of the colonized substrates with possible negative effects on IAQ.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Parchment Document, the 13th Century Incorporation Charter for the City of Krakow, Poland, for Microbial Hazards

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 2620-2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Lech
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The City ◽  
Destructive Potential

ABSTRACTThe literature of environmental microbiology broadly discusses issues associated with microbial hazards in archives, but these publications are mainly devoted to paper documents. There are few articles on historical parchment documents, which used to be very important for the development of literature and the art of writing. These studies present a broad spectrum of methods for the assessment of biodeterioration hazards of the parchment document in question. They are based on both conventional microbiological methods and advanced techniques of molecular biology. Here, a qualitative analysis was conducted, based on genetic identification of bacteria and fungi present on the document as well as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiling and examining the destructive potential of isolated microbes. Moreover, the study involved a quantitative and qualitative microbiological assessment of the indoor air in the room where the parchment was kept. The microbes with the highest destructive potential that were isolated from the investigated item wereBacillus cereusandAcinetobacter lwoffiibacteria andPenicillium chrysogenum,Chaetomium globosum, andTrichoderma longibrachiatumfungi. The presence of theB. cereusstrain was particularly interesting since, under appropriate conditions, it leads to complete parchment degradation within several days.

Indoor Air Pollution as an Environmental Factor

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
Joshi Satish
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Average Person ◽  
Sampling Program ◽  
The City ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

An average person spends most of his time indoors and the quality of indoor air affects his performance and well-being. This justifies the study of indoor air pollution for the development of working and living environments which are comfortable and safe. As a part of a larger program to study traffic-generated air pollution in the vicinity of streets, a simultaneous indoor/outdoor sampling program was carried out at three sites in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. Parameters included CO, NO, NO2 and HCHO. The results show the direct relationship between indoor and outdoor concentrations of CO, NO and NO2. HCHO concentrations were found to be substantially higher indoors than ourdoors thus supporting the hypothesis that HCHO source could be in the buildings themselves. The importance of indoor air is emphasized, and the interplay of indoor and outdoor air pollution is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Post-dipping in Milk Production, Composition, and Quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Simões do Amaral Alves ◽  
João Manoel Da Silva ◽  
Micheline Thais dos Santos ◽  
Yamina Coentro Montaldo ◽  
Paula Cibelly Vilela Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Production Composition

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of post-dipping on milk production, composition, and quality of cows with subclinical mastitis. Samples of mast milk from two different dairy farms were analyzed in two moments: before the post-dipping implantation and after 30 days, the samples were conditioned to the refrigeration temperature in an isothermal box and sent to the laboratory for the following analyzes: California Mastitis Test (CMT), Somatic Cell Count (SCC), Fat, Protein, Lactose, Total Solids (TS), Non-Fat Solids (NFS) and microbiological tests, as well as individual milk weighing. The experimental design was completely randomized and arranged in a split-plot scheme, submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by the F test. The post-dipping practice during 30 days resulted in the means and standard deviation of the analyzes of the studied variables, where the values of SCC, CMT, and microbiological score profile were statistically significant. The highest etiological agent found was Staphylococcus spp. The fat and lactose profile increased in both farms, but there was no significant difference. Protein increased in both farms, but in farm I, there was no significant difference and in farm 2, there was a significant difference. Total Solids, Non-greasy solids, and weighing had a percentage increase, but the means of weight did not differ statistically. The post-dipping technique was an effective measure in the control of subclinical mastitis and brings health benefits to the mammary gland.

scholarly journals Review Article: Indoor Biological Contaminants in the Built Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Nur Baitul Izati Rasli ◽  
Nor Azam Ramli ◽  
Mohd Rodzi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Child Day Care ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Occupants of buildings spent most of their time indoors and posed themselves to the indoor biological contaminants (i.e. bacteria and fungi) in the built environment. However, the factors that influenced the prevalence of suspended bacteria and fungi in the air of the built environment are not well recognised. Authorities must take the growth of biological contaminants seriously to prevent serious health effects among occupants of buildings. This review summarises the factors (i.e. outdoor air, dust, ventilation problems, humidity/moisture surface problems and human occupancy) of indoor biological contaminants and their species in buildings that could worsen the indoor air quality. Bacteria species could exist in various indoor buildings (i.e. schools, cafeterias, mosques, faculties, child day-care centres, hospitals, dwellings, educational buildings, homes, elderly care centres, libraries, restaurants, and factories). The dominant bacteria were Bacillus spp. (24.1 %), Staphylococcus spp. (20.7 %), and Micrococcus spp. (20.7 %) whereas for fungi species were Penicillium spp. (25 %), Cladosporium spp. (21.9 %), and Aspergillus spp. (21.9 %).

scholarly journals Consommation De Boissons Desalterantes Et Risques Sanitaires Dans Les Colleges De La Ville D’abomey (Republique Du Benin)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (33) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
V. B. Fanès Azalou Tingbe ◽  
Thierry Hervé Azonhe ◽  
Alda Yemadje ◽  
Armand Arnaud Vido
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Risques Sanitaires ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

This research aims to analyze the health quality of thirst-quenching drinks such as fruit juices produced, sold and consumed in schools. The research was conducted on a sample of 222 learners selected in a classroom setting plus 6 randomly selected female sales representatives in schools. The microbiological analyzes were carried out on samples of different juice drinks made in the colleges. Digitization of collected data, descriptive statistics, cross tables, chi-2 tests, etc. are the statistical tools used. The results show a significant consumption of thirst-quenching drinks: hibiscus flower juice (39.2 %), water (24.1 %), fruit juice (21.6 %), local beer-based cereals (tchakpalo), 12.8% in CEG 1 and 2 of the city of Abomey. The main reasons for their consumption are related to the need for quenching, the presence of sugar and aroma in these drinks and their almost daily availability. As for the microbiological analyzes, they show a contamination of the juice units taken with a significant difference between total flora, molds, yeasts, staphylococci, etc. The contamination factors are related to the quality of the products as well as to the process of making beverages and the hygiene of the houses. Measures to improve hygiene education and improve production techniques are needed to limit the health risks of these thirst-quenching drinks.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Display Toko Offline dan Toko Online Untuk Produk Pakaian Wanita

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Heni Iswati ◽  
Nina Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Online Store ◽  
Women's Clothing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

 Along with the development of technology, the way to buy clothing products has also shifted. Purchases through an offline store where consumers come directly to the store to buy, and through online stores where consumers can shop through gadgets anytime and anywhere. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions and differences of offline store and online stores displays. The method used was descriptive and quantitative about 400 respondents in the city of Bandung. Whereas previously the respondents had also accessed or purchased women's clothing products through offline and online stores.  Based on the results obtained there are differences between offline and online store displays. In terms of practicality in buying and time, online stores get a good response, while in the information and quality of products, online stores get less response. Regarding prices, there is no significant difference between offline and online stores. Although there are differences between offline and online stores, they do not turn off the market and the sales system that is carried out between the two shops. Because these differences make the two stores unique.  But overall the online store is more in demand because of its ease when accessed by consumers.  Keywords: offline shop, online shop, display

scholarly journals Educational level, socio-economic status and relationship with quality of life in elderly residents of the city of Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane de Fátima Colet ◽  
Paulo Mayorga ◽  
Tânia Alves Amador
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Class A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The City

The objective of this study was to verify the index of quality of life of elderly individuals belonging to groups, from different socioeconomic strata in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State. The research adopted a transversal model, used to collect data from the SF-36 questionnaire. The sampling is the intentional type and comprised: 61 elderly people in Class A, 80 in Class C, and 84 in Class E. The research was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research/UFRGS. In relation to the quality of life, Class A presented higher scores than did Classes C and E on the pain, vitality, social aspect and mental health areas. The results also showed a significant difference in quality of life among university educated individuals versus the other schooling groups, on the pain, vitality, mental health and social aspect fields. Quality of life is a complex concept to study, but essential to improve the perception of health and welfare by the elderly.

scholarly journals Bad Air Can Also Kill: Residential Indoor Air Quality and Pollutant Exposure Risk during the COVID-19 Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo ◽  
Jesica Fernández-Agüera ◽  
Sonia Cesteros-García ◽  
Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Indoor Pollutants ◽  
Indoor Pollutant ◽  
Domestic Environments ◽  
The City ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

During the first outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic the population, focusing primarily on the risk of infection, was generally inattentive to the quality of indoor air. Spain, and the city of Madrid in particular, were among the world’s coronavirus hotspots. The country’s entire population was subject to a 24/7 lockdown for 45 days. This paper describes a comparative longitudinal survey of air quality in four types of housing in the city of Madrid before and during lockdown. The paper analysed indoor temperatures and variations in CO2, 2.5 μm particulate matter (PM2.5) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations before and during lockdown. The mean daily outdoor PM2.5 concentration declined from 11.04 µg/m3 before to 7.10 µg/m3 during lockdown. Before lockdown the NO2 concentration values scored as ‘very good’ 46% of the time, compared to 90.9% during that period. Although the city’s outdoor air quality improved, during lockdown the population’s exposure to indoor pollutants was generally more acute and prolonged. Due primarily to concern over domestic energy savings, the lack of suitable ventilation and more intensive use of cleaning products and disinfectants during the covid-19 crisis, indoor pollutant levels were typically higher than compatible with healthy environments. Mean daily PM2.5 concentration rose by approximately 12% and mean TVOC concentration by 37% to 559%. The paper also puts forward a series of recommendations to improve indoor domestic environments in future pandemics and spells out urgent action to be taken around indoor air quality (IAQ) in the event of total or partial quarantining to protect residents from respiratory ailments and concomitantly enhanced susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, as identified by international medical research.

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