scholarly journals Effect of Cyclic Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance, Impact Toughness, and Microstructure of 42CrMo Steel and Its Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Haidong Zhang ◽  
Xianguo Yan ◽  
Qiang Hou ◽  
Zhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Fracture Mechanism ◽  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
42Crmo Steel

Cyclic cryogenic treatment, a major cycle accompanied by zero or more subsidiary cycles, was conducted on the hardened 42CrMo steel using orthogonal design method to investigate the effect of different parameters (cryogenic temperature, holding time, and cycles number) of cryogenic treatment on wear resistance and impact toughness of the steel. Range analysis was performed to obtain the influencing order of the three parameters and their optimum values. The results show that after cryogenic treatment, the steel exhibits higher wear resistance and impact toughness, whereas no significant change in hardness. For wear resistance, the influencing order of parameters is cryogenic temperature, holding time, and cycles number, and the optimum values of the parameters are −160°C, 24 h and two cycles, respectively. For impact toughness, the influencing order of parameters is cryogenic temperature, cycles number, and holding time, and the optimum values are −120°C, 24 h and three cycles, respectively. The wear topography and fracture topography were examined using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to investigate the wear mechanism and fracture mechanism of the steel after cryogenic treatment, respectively. The results show that after cryogenic treatment, the wear mechanism is the combination of abrasive wear and adhesive wear with oxidative wear, and the fracture mechanism is a quasicleavage fracture. The microstructure was also examined by SEM to investigate the influencing mechanism of cryogenic treatment for improving wear resistance and impact toughness of the steel. It suggests that more precipitation of fine carbides dispersively distributed in the matrix is responsible for the beneficial effect of cryogenic treatment on wear resistance and impact toughness of the steel.

scholarly journals Effect of Cryosoaking Time on Transition in Wear Mechanism of M2 Tool Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Dhokey ◽  
J. V. Dandawate ◽  
R. Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Time Interval

Specimens of M2 were hardened (H) by quenching at 1200°C, triple tempered (TTT) at 400°C, and then cryogenically (C) treated at minus 185°C for varying lengths of time interval starting from 4 hours to 48 hours of cryosoaking followed by soft tempering at 100°C to relieve cold stresses (HTC). Underlying wear mechanism, hardness, and impact energy were studied and optimum cryosoaking time was established. It was felt that wear resistance of cryogenically treated material was influenced by the so-called tertiary carbides possibly produced as a result of cryogenic treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Heat and Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Properties of 6061 Alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-566
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Features

The published information on ferrous and nonferrous metals especially Aluminium alloys subjected to deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) have yielded much improved mechanical, tribological and thermal properties resulting in improved properties in the field. Keeping the above aspects in view, tribological studies have been taken up in this work with the main objective of evaluating the wear resistance of the most used Aluminium alloys viz: Al 6061 samples at cryogenic temperature and subjected them to deep cryogenic treatment for temperature . The novelty of the work lies in conducting the wear test in cryogenic atmosphere which is the first of its kind as meagre report is available. It is observed from the wear data that the slide wear resistance and coefficient of friction evaluated in the laboratory conditions show superior wear resistance for the load application of 40N and 50N and lower friction levels for the samples subjected to sliding at cryogenic temperature as well as for the samples deeply cryo treated compared to the untreated ones. The data have been substantiated by Scanning Electron Microscopic features (SEM).

Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on the Microstructure Modification of SKH51 Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaweewat Worasaen ◽  
Piyada Suwanpinij ◽  
Karuna Tuchinda
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Primary Carbide ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Microstructure Modification ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
The Matrix

This research aimed to investigate the microstructure modification mechanism used to improve the hardness and wear resistance of SKH51 steel. The cryogenic treatment (CT), including both shallow cryogenic treatment (SCT) and deep cryogenic treatment (DCT), was used to modify the microstructure of SKH51 steel in this research. The effect of short and long holding time (12 and 36 h) in CT was studied. The microstructures were evaluated by using a light optical microscopy (LOM) and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase identifications of the matrix, carbides, and a-parameter of the matrix were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The M6C and MC carbides size, aspect ratio, and distribution were analyzed using digimizer image analysis software on the SEM micrographs. Micro-Vickers were employed to evaluate the hardness of the targeted samples. Wear tests were performed by using a 6 mm diameter WC ball as the indenter and 5-N-constant load with a ball-on-disk wear tester. The results suggested that the increase of the secondary carbide was caused by the contraction and expansion phenomena of the matrix’s lattice, forcing the carbon atom out and acting as the carbide nucleation. The influence of holding time in the SCT and DCT regions was different. For the SCT, increasing the holding time increased the volume’s fraction of MC carbide. Conversely, the M6C carbide size grew with increasing holding time in the DCT region, while no significant increase in the number of MC carbide was observed. The cryogenic treatment was found to increase the volume fraction of the MC carbide by up to 10% compared to the conventional heat treatment (CHT) condition in the SCT region (both 12 and 36 h) and DCT with 12 h holding time. Due to the microstructure modification, it was found that the cryogenic treatment can improve material hardness and lead to an increase in the wear resistance of SKH51 by up to 70% compared to the CHT treated material. This was due to the increase in the compressive residual stress, precipitation of the MC, and growth of the M6C primary carbide.

Double Metal Trimming Die Manufactured by Using Hardfacing Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 3940-3943
Author(s):  
Ying Xia Yu ◽  
Bo Lin He ◽  
Jian Ping Shi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Wear Model ◽  
42Crmo Steel ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Traditional Process ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Simple Technology

It’s simple technology to manufacture big trimming die by hardfacing on the die insert of steel. In this paper, a kind of surface hardfacing technology which deposited by using D322 on 42CrMo steel were studied instead of traditional manufacturing process. The effect of hardfacing parameters on microstructure, hardness and wear resistance are tested and analyzed. The key points of manufacturing trimming die by using hardfacing method was given out. There are no defects in the hardfacing layer. The average hardfacing layer is higher than 57.5HRC. The hardfacing surface has good figurations and hardfacing layer has good wear resistance. The hardfacing for real product of trimming die is completed successfully and their properties reach or exceed those of dies made with traditional technology. This technology is also an effective approach of repairing other cold working dies. The experimental results indicate that the hardfacing technology has much more advantages, cheaper than that of traditional process. The wear resistant test of hardfacing layers were carried out by using different welding current. The best welding current for hadfacing 42CrMo steel is 110 Ampere. The wear mechanism of hardfacing layer is belongs to abrasive wear model.

Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure, impact toughness and wear resistance of an AISI D6 tool steel

Wear ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 456-457 ◽  
pp. 203382
Author(s):  
P.H.S. Cardoso ◽  
C.L. Israel ◽  
M.B. da Silva ◽  
G.A. Klein ◽  
L. Soccol
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment

INFLUENCE OF CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF MATERIALS OF HYDRAULIC BREAKERS CHISELS

2017 ◽  
Vol S25 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Le Thanh Binh ◽  
◽  
V.I. Bolobov ◽  
Nguyen Khac Linh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment

RUUKKI RAEX 300

Alloy Digest ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Wear Resistant

Abstract RUUKKI RAEX 300 (typical yield strength 900 MPa) is part of the Raex family of high-strength and wear-resistant steels with favorable hardness and impact toughness to extend life and decrease wear in structural components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-643. Producer or source: Rautaruukki Corporation.

CRUCIBLE CPM 3V

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Tool Steels

Abstract CPM 3V offers impact toughness (Charpy C notch) approaching the shock-resistant tool steels, but with greater wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as heat treating and machining. Filing Code: TS-558. Producer or source: Crucible Materials Corporation.

LSS H11

Alloy Digest ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Hot Work Tool Steel ◽  
Specialty Steel

Abstract LSS H11 is a hot-work tool steel with excellent impact toughness. It is used where resistance to cracking is needed. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as heat treating and machining. Filing Code: TS-677. Producer or source: Latrobe Specialty Steel Company.

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