Conservation agriculture for smallholder farmers in rainfed and irrigated systems in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain: lessons learned.

Conservation Agriculture (CA), which delivers multiple benefits for crop cultivation, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. However, CA is not a single, ready-made or simple technology that can be adopted everywhere without necessary farm-level refinement. The CA practitioners may need to incorporate changes in practices and each needs a few years of experience to fully learn how to optimize the technology on a particular crop on each farm. Implementation of CA is challenging in resource-limited, intensively cropped and rice-based smallholder farms. This chapter is a reflection on lessons learned during the last two decades of research, farmers' adoption and service providers' (LSP) feedback on CA practice in rainfed and irrigated systems where farmers grow three crops per year including at least one transplanted rice crop. The researchers review smallholder farmers and LSP affordable and preferred CA planters, and the performance of CA in crop establishment and management, weed management, role and involvement of farmers' groups, farm level benefits, rice and upland crops. Case studies are also presented on the benefits of CA practice including resources optimization, long-term trends of crop yield and profit margin, soil organic carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas (GHG) implications. These lessons may be useful for new practitioners, extensionists, researchers, teachers, students and policy planners to implement CA in smallholder regions considering food security, soil health and livelihoods and their contribution to mitigation of global warming.

Bio-nematicides Processing from Chicken Manure Waste Enriched with Trichoderma sp Fungi in Pangkalan Gelebak Village

The negative impact of using synthetic pesticides is harmful to health and damaging the environment. Pesticide residues can endanger health and reduce the competitiveness of agricultural products. The use of pesticides includes synthetic nematicides being suppressed or even avoided. One alternative to nematode control that is safe for health and environmentally friendly is bionematicide in organic chicken manure enriched with Trichoderma sp. Production of bio nematicides is an option to be applied by the farmer. This method of making bio nematicides uses simple technology, is practical, inexpensive, and easy to do at the farm level. In addition, the manufacture of this bionematicide will increase the benefits of chicken manure waste. This Community Service Activity that carried out in Pangkalan Gelebak Village, Rambutan District, Banyuasin Regency, on May 6, 2020. The result of this activity is that the farmers are very enthusiastic and motivated to make bionematicide. The bio nematicide produced is expected to control root-knot nematodes on cultivated plants to increase crop production and reduce dangerous synthetic pesticides. Bio nematicide uses are free from toxic pesticides, safe for health, more environmentally friendly, and will ultimately improve the welfare of farmers

Novel real-time remote audio-visual aided technique for doffing of personal protective equipment and assessment of satisfaction level among front-line health care workers amid COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Appropriate and cautious doffing is vital to prevent self-contamination and infection from the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus. In current study satisfaction levels of front-line health care workers regarding doffing assisted by a novel real-time remote audio-visual aided approach was assessed.Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 158 health care workers. The questionnaire was developed and validated to assess the participants’ satisfaction level regarding the instructions being given remotely for doffing through the real-time remote audio-visual aided technique pertaining to the various facilities available for doffing, remote communication for doffing steps, audio-visual technical issues, rectification of the breach in safety and the level of anxiety.Results: The survey received a 79% response rate. 74.6% of the respondents were highly satisfied. 61.9% agreed on the adequacy of doffing space, 70.9% strongly agreed/agreed regarding the availability of adequate equipment, 78.5% strongly agreed/agreed with the instructions. The overall median (IQR) satisfaction score was 9 (8-10).Conclusions: Real-time remote audio-visual aided doffing approach is a simple, technology-aided strategy that is shown to enhance the satisfaction and motivation of the health care workers. This can potentially help in reducing the number of personnel required in directly monitoring doffing leading to freeing up more people to work with the patients while reducing unnecessary exposure. This translates to effective utilisation of resources. The high satisfaction associated with the use of this system boosts the feasibility of its implementation in every tertiary care setup.

Edukasi Jelantah sebagai Sumber Energi pada Kelompok Ibu Rumah Tangga di Desa Petir, Bogor

Jelantah is the used cooking oil. After being used more than three times for frying, the oil will be oxidized by ambient air, and dangerous free radical compounds are formed. Consuming of jelantah in certain amounts, can trigger diseases such as blockage of blood vessels, cancer and nervous disorders. In addition, jelantah discharged into the drains will cause blockage of drains and kill water ecosystems. However, jelantah can be used as an energy source and other products that have economic value. The purpose of this activity is to provide education for groups of housewives in Babakan Gang Salak, Petir Village, Bogor Regency regarding the dangers and benefits of jelantah, introducing simple technology of biodiesel production. The methods used include questionnaires, training and monitoring. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd trainings were held with different participants in the same location. The the participants’ enthusiasm and local site leaders was very high and they wished training for a wider range of participants. The training has been conducted successfully, which was showed that most of the participants could increase their skills and knowledge about the dangers and benefits of jelantah is biodiesel production. This knowledge is supposed to be applied in everyday life by not consuming jelantah for frying food, but it is used as a raw material for biodiesel production.

Pelatihan Pengolahan Buah Pandan Tikar (Pandanus tectorius Park.) menjadi Tepung dan Cookies di Kampung Sidey Baru, Distrik Sidey, Manokwari

Sidey Baru is one of the villages located in Manokwari Regency, near the beach and found Pandan Tikar (Pandanus tectorius Park.) plant, which has not been utilized. Pandan Tikar fruit contains good nutrition to be developed as a food ingredient that can increase the added value of the product. This community service activity aims to be able to increase community skills in processing pandan fruit into flour and its derivative products, to be able to meet family needs and can also be marketed to improve the community's economy. This community service activity was carried out in the form of direct training with the people of the village of Sidey Baru, especially women from the PKK organization, business groups, and village officials, with the hope that the community could produce flour and cookies from Pandan Tikar fruits in a sustainable manner so that it could help improve the community's economy. The training on making fruit flour and cookies from pandan mat fruit is very attractive to the people of Kampung Sidey Baru, because the raw materials are easy to obtain and made with simple technology. Overall, participants were able to take part in the training and material training well, so it is hoped that the knowledge and skills gained from the training can be enjoyed by other people. Efforts to increase the added value of Pandan tikar fruit into various highly competitive products can be realized through continuous guidance and assistance by Sidey village officials together with the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Papua.

Slow Sand Filter untuk Pengolahan Air di Desa Pekauman Ulu, Kalimantan Selatan

Pekauman Ulu Village is one of the villages crossed by the Martapura river, where the water is used by the people of this village for their daily activities. Pekauman Ulu Village is a densely populated area which is flooded every year. The water is very turbid with an unpleasant smell, and consuming this water often makes some people get diarrhea. Thus, a simple technology is needed to treat this river water into clean water. This activity aims to build Slow Sand Filter (SSF) units as a means of providing clean water for people in Pekauman Ulu Village. The activity is conducted in three parts: initial dissemination, training, and evaluation. Based on the survey done to the people joining the training, 95.25% of the people said that they were satisfied with the water being treated by SSF. As for the performance of the SSF itself, turbidity measurement of water samples showed that the turbidity of water filtered by the SSF unit reduced from an average of 41.7 NTU to 2.3 NTU. It can be concluded that this community development program has successfully addressed the need for clean water for people in Pekauman Ulu Village.

Biological treatment of palm oil mill effluent by using a downflow hanging sponge reactor

The performance of biological treatment using a downflow hanging sponge reactor as post-treatment of agro-industrial wastewater has been recognized worldwide. However, the effectiveness of the system in treating POME is remain unknown. Therefore, with this background in mind, an anaerobic treatment operated at COD loading rate of 0.4-0.6 kg/m3/day, HRT of 2 hours and input pH of 7.6 was run using a DHS reactor packed with sponge media for the treatment of POME. During the study, the output concentration performances of COD (32-58%), Colour (41-76%), ammoniacal nitrogen (66-92%) and phosphate (54-87%) were recorded. These results indicate comparable performances with the existing biological treatment system. However, it also offered additional credits in-term of fouling and clogging issues, practically as well as lower cost and energy consumption. Thus, it will be great to have a system that is capable to provide a simple technology which is affordable to various industrial scales.

A review: The utilization and its benefits of liquid smoke from lignocellulosic waste

In the integrated charcoal technology, the smoke arising from the process is flowed into a pipe which is cooled, so that the smoke turns into a liquid, so it is called liquid smoke. Therefore, the technology to produce liquid smoke is environmentally friendly. The raw material used in the process of making wood vinegar is generally in the form of lignocellulose waste which contains lignin and cellulose such as wood waste, bamboo waste, oil palm shell waste, coconut shell waste and others. With simple technology input, liquid smoke can be produced from this waste, which has many benefits. The method to produce the liquid smoke was through a process of charcoal or pyrolysis which produces three forms of solid products, namely charcoal, products in the form of gases, namely smoke, and products in the form of liquids, so called tar and liquid smoke; and the main component as a characteristic of liquid smoke were acetic acid, phenolic and carbamic acid. Phenol is the compound that plays the most role in liquid smoke, because it is antibacterial and antifungal and inhibits fat oxidation. Therefore, liquid smoke with its various benefits can be a solution for the problems of pets and bacteria in agriculture or environmental pollution.

Visualization of Archimedian and Platonic polyhedra using a web environment in Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality

This paper shows the development of a web environment for the construction of Archimedes and Plato polyhedra in Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR). In this environment we used the geometric transformations of translation and rotation with the structure of hierarchies of HTML pages, without the use of the coordinates of each polyhedra vertex. The developed environment can be used in classroom to visualize the polyhedra in Augmented Reality, with the possibility of manipulations of the graphical representations by students in the environment created in Virtual Reality. Other studies that can be developed with the polyhedra modeled are areas, volumes and the relation of Euler. Another important content that can be developed is truncation, because seven Archimedes polyhedra are obtained by using truncation of Plato's polyhedrons. With this work, it becomes possible to develop didactic materials with a simple technology, free and with great contribution to improvement of the teaching of Geometry and other areas that use representation of 3D objects.