scholarly journals Research on the Operation of e-Commerce Enterprises Based on Blockchain Technology and Bilateral Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xiaoye Ma ◽  
Weina Li ◽  
Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Employee Training ◽  
Competition Strategy ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Transaction Value ◽  
The Impact

E-commerce platform enterprises have typical bilateral market characteristics. The e-commerce platform provides real-time communication services for buyers and sellers. Different buyers and sellers form crossnetwork characteristics. The formulation and implementation of bilateral strategies affect both the merchants and consumers’ choice of platform and registration transactions. This impact will directly lead to the transaction value of the platform. Then, the article builds an econometric model and empirically analyses the impact of e-commerce platforms. The e-commerce chain is a complex structure that consists of logistics, information flow, and capital flow and connects suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and users in the industry together. Blockchain technology can be used as a large-scale collaboration tool to adapt to supply chain management, the main factor that drives the market power of the enterprise. The research results show that the input costs of advertising, research and development, and employee training and the impact of long-term investment and taxation on market forces are quite different in different industries, both positive and negative, and subsidies, inventory, and state-owned holdings have a negative impact on the market power of companies in all industries. Finally, the competition strategy of e-commerce platform enterprises is summarized. On the basis of the conclusions of the theory and case study, the paper puts forward specific suggestions and countermeasures for the competition strategy of e-commerce platform enterprises in the bilateral network environment.

Banking market structure and efficiency: an assessment of the USA and Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah U-Din ◽  
David Tripe
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bank Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe study aims to analyze the changes in banking market structure and their impact on the bank efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a one-stage stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compare the impact of the market structure and the GFC on the economic efficiency of the major banks in both countries.FindingsA significant negative impact of the GFC is observed on bank efficiency. Overall, Canadian banks posted better efficiency scores than their American counterparts. Additionally, cost-efficient banks are found to be more resilient to crises and more profit-efficient in the post-GFC period. The authors found that market power had a positive impact on the cost and profit efficiency of banks. Higher levels of equity, market power and concentration helped banks be more cost-efficient.Research limitations/implicationsOnly large banks are selected for study although it represents the majority stake of both banking sectors.Practical implicationsBanking regulators should include more measures to assess the banking market structure and performance.Originality/valueAs per the best knowledge of the authors, it is the first study to assess the change in banking market structure and efficiency of the US and Canadian banking sectors in the post-GFC period.

Not always a quick fix: The impact of employing temporary agency workers on retention in the Australian aged care workforce

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra King ◽  
Sven Svensson ◽  
Zhang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Nurse Satisfaction ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Care Worker ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temporary Agency Workers

The use of external labour such as temporary agency workers in the general workforce has increased in recent decades, but comparatively little is known about their impact within the aged care workforce. This article analyses quantitative data from a census of aged care facilities and a large-scale survey of their workforce regarding the use and impact of temporary agency workers on internal workers. It demonstrates that employing temporary agency workers helps address labour shortages generally and skill shortages in particular. However, it has a negative impact on the job satisfaction of internal personal care workers – a predictor of an increase in intention to leave. In contrast, there was little impact on internal nurse satisfaction. The use of temporary agency workers could therefore create a paradox: increasing personal care worker numbers in the short term, but negatively impacting on their retention in the long term. Given the need for an expanded and sustainable aged care workforce, this finding has important implications for organisations, policy and unions.

Legal-water assessment as a new legal and administrative instrument of surface water protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 1(23) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Zębek
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment

The primary objective of the water protection in the Water Framework Directive No. 2000/60/ EC is to maintain and improve the water environment by achieving good water status. These provisions have been implemented into Polish legislation in the Water Law Act of 2017. These goals are achieved by the use of appropriate legal instruments as a system of water-law approvals, including a permit, notification and legal-water assessment. The subject of the analysis is water-legal assessments as a new legal and administrative instrument of water protection. The aim is to deter-mine the legal nature of water-law assessments and to indicate their role in the protection of surface waters. Obtaining this assessment is required for investments that may affect the possibility of achieving environmental goals. If the planned investment has a positive or no impact on the possibility of achieving the environmental goals, it seems that the legal-water assessment is made. In the case of a negative impact, the obligation to submit documents confirming that all measures are taken to mitigate the negative effects of the impact on the state of water bodies are imposed. In this way, the legislator strengthened the protection of waters by imposing the obligation to meet additional conditions for large-scale investments that have a negative impact on the water environment.

Forming Canonical 8D Data Clouds to Explore the Transient Dynamics of Physical Stiffened Plates: A Machine Learning Approach for Complex Mechanical Structures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis T. Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Transient Dynamics ◽  
Alloy Plate ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Acceleration Signal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This work presents a data-driven explorative study of the physics of the dynamics of a physical structure of complicated geometry. The geometric complexity of the physical system renders the typical single sensor acceleration signal quite complicated for a physics interpretation. We need the spatial dimension to resolve the single sensory signal over its entire time horizon. Thus we are introducing the spatial dimension by the canonical eight-dimensional data cloud (Canonical 8D-Data Cloud) concept to build methods to explore the impact-induced free dynamics of physical complex mechanical structures. The complex structure in this study is a large scale aluminum alloy plate stiffened by a frame made of T-section beams. The Canonical 8D-Data Cloud is identified with the simultaneous acceleration measurements by eight piezoelectric sensors equally spaced and attached on the periphery of a circular material curve drawn on the uniform surface of the stiffened plate. The Data Cloud approach leads to a systematic exploration-discovery-quantification of uncertainty in this physical complex structure. It is found that considerable uncertainty is stemming from the sensitivity of transient dynamics on the parameters of space-time localized force pulses, the latter being used as a means to diagnose the presence of structural anomalies. The Data Cloud approach leads to aspects of machine learning such as reduced dynamics analytics of big sensory data by means of heavenly machine-assisted computations to carry out the unparalleled data reduction analysis enabled by the Advanced Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Transform. Emphasized is the connection between the characteristic geometric features of high-dimensional datasets as a whole, the Data Cloud, and the modal physics of the dynamics.

scholarly journals Climate Perspectives in the Intra–Americas Seas

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Ana María Durán-Quesada ◽  
Rogert Sorí ◽  
Paulina Ordoñez ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The Impact

The Intra–Americas Seas region is known for its relevance to air–sea interaction processes, the contrast between large water masses and a relatively small continental area, and the occurrence of extreme events. The differing weather systems and the influence of variability at different spatio–temporal scales is a characteristic feature of the region. The impact of hydro–meteorological extreme events has played a huge importance for regional livelihood, having a mostly negative impact on socioeconomics. The frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events and droughts are often discussed in terms of their impact on economic activities and access to water. Furthermore, future climate projections suggest that warming scenarios are likely to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme events, which poses a major threat to vulnerable communities. In a region where the economy is largely dependent on agriculture and the population is exposed to the impact of extremes, understanding the climate system is key to informed policymaking and management plans. A wealth of knowledge has been published on regional weather and climate, with a majority of studies focusing on specific components of the system. This study aims to provide an integral overview of regional weather and climate suitable for a wider community. Following the presentation of the general features of the region, a large scale is introduced outlining the main structures that affect regional climate. The most relevant climate features are briefly described, focusing on sea surface temperature, low–level circulation, and rainfall patterns. The impact of climate variability at the intra–seasonal, inter–annual, decadal, and multi–decadal scales is discussed. Climate change is considered in the regional context, based on current knowledge for natural and anthropogenic climate change. The present challenges in regional weather and climate studies have also been included in the concluding sections of this review. The overarching aim of this work is to leverage information that may be transferred efficiently to support decision–making processes and provide a solid foundation on regional weather and climate for professionals from different backgrounds.

scholarly journals Experimental illumination of natural habitat—an experimental set-up to assess the direct and indirect ecological consequences of artificial light of different spectral composition

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1667) ◽  
pp. 20140129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamiel Spoelstra ◽  
Roy H. A. van Grunsven ◽  
Maurice Donners ◽  
Phillip Gienapp ◽  
Martinus E. Huigens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Artificial night-time illumination of natural habitats has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Generally, studies that assess the impact of artificial light on various species in the wild make use of existing illumination and are therefore correlative. Moreover, studies mostly focus on short-term consequences at the individual level, rather than long-term consequences at the population and community level—thereby ignoring possible unknown cascading effects in ecosystems. The recent change to LED lighting has opened up the exciting possibility to use light with a custom spectral composition, thereby potentially reducing the negative impact of artificial light. We describe here a large-scale, ecosystem-wide study where we experimentally illuminate forest-edge habitat with different spectral composition, replicated eight times. Monitoring of species is being performed according to rigid protocols, in part using a citizen-science-based approach, and automated where possible. Simultaneously, we specifically look at alterations in behaviour, such as changes in activity, and daily and seasonal timing. In our set-up, we have so far observed that experimental lights facilitate foraging activity of pipistrelle bats, suppress activity of wood mice and have effects on birds at the community level, which vary with spectral composition. Thus far, we have not observed effects on moth populations, but these and many other effects may surface only after a longer period of time.

scholarly journals impact of Covid-19 on chicken broiler farm business in Malang Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Sutraning Nurahmi ◽  
Lili Zalizar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Broiler Farm ◽  
The Government ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
The Impact

The contagious COVID-19 spreads rapidly worldwide. The pandemic poses risks to multiple sectors of the world economy, including the agricultural and livestock sectors. Despite the economic potential of the broiler farm business, indicated by its increasing broiler population, production, and public consumption, the large-scale social restrictions imposed by the government as an effort to mitigate the pandemic spread has decreased the demand for and supply of broiler meat. This current study is aimed at obtaining an overview of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has on the broiler farm business in Malang Regency. The data of this qualitative descriptive study were collected by means of interviews, personal documentation, and other supporting documents. Sampling was carried out using a stratified random sampling technique as the broiler population was non-homogenous and stratified.The broiler population was divided into two groups: 1) less than 5,000 heads broiler-population; and 2) more than 5,000 heads broiler-population. The study results showed that the negative impact caused by the pandemic on the broiler farm business include declines in the broiler meat selling prices, farmers’ income, and broiler population. The decline in selling prices is caused by the broiler supply demand imbalance and changes in the public consumption patterns during the pandemic, favouring food ingredients with longer durability. The farmers’ income decline occurs as a result of the dropping price of live broilers combined with the extra costs that the farmers have to spend to keep the business operating during the pandemic. Finally, the decline in broiler population takes place because of chick-in cancellation to suppress excess supply at the following harvest period. The broiler population restriction controls are conducted in order to regulate prices at the consumer level.

scholarly journals The Impact of the SARS-CoV-19 Pandemic on the Global Gross Domestic Product

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5246
Author(s):  
Piotr Korneta ◽  
Katarzyna Rostek
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Piecewise Linear Approximation ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The rapid, unexpected, and large-scale expansion of the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic has led to a global health and economy crisis. However, although the crisis itself is a worldwide phenomenon, there have been considerable differences between respective countries in terms of SARS-CoV-19 morbidities and fatalities as well as the GDP impact. The object of this paper was to study the influence of the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic on global gross domestic product. We analyzed data relating to 176 countries in the 11-month period from February 2020 to December 2020. We employed SARS-CoV-19 morbidity and fatality rates reported by different countries as proxies for the development of the pandemic. The analysis employed in our study was based on moving median and quartiles, Kendall tau-b coefficients, and multi-segment piecewise-linear approximation with Theil–Sen trend lines. In the study, we empirically confirmed and measured the negative impact of the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic on the respective national economies. The relationship between the pandemic and the economy is not uniform and depends on the extent of the pandemic’s development. The more intense the pandemic, the more adaptive the economies of specific countries become.

scholarly journals Innovation Mirage: The Role of Technological Uncertainty in Military Instability

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-52
Author(s):  
I. A. Istomin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Balance Theory ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Technological Uncertainty ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the impact of technological changes on the risks of military clashes between states. Currently, experts express increasing concerns about the destabilizing effect of new weapons (including anti-missile and anti-satellite weapons, hypersonic missiles, autonomous lethal systems, and artificial intelligence). These assessments are rarely based on solid theoretical foundations. The author seeks to fill this gap, arguing that the emergence of new weapons has a negative impact on international stability, and this effect is weakly related to the specific characteristics of underline technologies. The theory of technological uncertainty offers an alternative to the offense-defense balance theory. The latter developed since the 1970s, but its validity is questionable. The theory of technological uncertainty attributes the destabilizing effect of weapons to the divergence of states' perceptions of the balance of powers, to the hyped expectations regarding the ability to compensate quantitative limitations with qualitative superiority, to the alarmistic sense of closing windows of opportunities and growing vulnerabilities. The article tests the theory against the historical record of military clashes in Europe from the end of the 18th to the middle of the 20th centuries, as well as the crises between superpowers during the Cold War. The empirical cases are selected in order to cover the period marked by the intensification of qualitative arms races between states. In addition, it is also the period most often used to substantiate the offense-defense balance theory. The history of the last two and a half centuries provides a solid foundation for the theory of technological uncertainty. All instances of large-scale military clashes were preceded by significant technological changes, while peace fell on periods of technological stagnation. The author addresses the policy implications of the theory for the discussions on emerging weapons in the 2010s and 2020s. The study confirms that concerns regarding their destabilizing effect are justified, but for the different reasons from those put forward by most analysts. A somewhat optimistic caveat to its conclusions is the fact that currently emerging weapons are at various stages of development. The greatest likelihood of military clashes corresponds to the overlap of several technological uncertainties. Therefore, an increase in the time lag between introduction of various arms can mitigate destabilizing effect.

What can be learned from the French partial nuclear shutdown of 2016?

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Jacques Percebois ◽  
Stanislas Pommeret
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Electricity Storage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Storage Facilities

The penetration of intermittent renewable energies in the electricity mixes impact the wholesale price. In the absence of electricity storing capacities at reasonable costs, the back-up of the intermittent renewable energies is ensured by fossil or nuclear power plants. In 2016 the French Nuclear Safety Authority has ordered the shutdown of a large part of nuclear units for safety reasons. This paper analyses the impact of such a decision both on the evolution of the whole-sale price of electricity and on the French commercial balance. Although the resulting mix from the partial shutdown of the nuclear power plants was able to produce the electrical energy consumed, it was unable to keep up with demand. This has resulted in a very sharp increase in the price of electricity on the spot market and in massive electricity imports at peak times. Moreover the carbon electricity footprint produced in France is much lower than the one pro-duced by its neighbors. Consequently, the nuclear partial shutdown has a negative climatic impact resulting in a deterioration of the citizen welfare. Thus, the French experience of 2016 teaches us that in the absence of electricity storage facilities, there is no point in trying to re-duce the share of nuclear and fossil fuels in the electricity mix. If the policymakers want to do so, they must ensure that massive electricity storage facilities are present and promote electrici-ty demand flexibility on a large scale. This study highlights also the divergence that can exist between the interest of the nuclear producer (higher revenues) and the collective interest (lower welfare and negative impact on the trade balance).

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