Legal-water assessment as a new legal and administrative instrument of surface water protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 1(23) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Zębek
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment

The primary objective of the water protection in the Water Framework Directive No. 2000/60/ EC is to maintain and improve the water environment by achieving good water status. These provisions have been implemented into Polish legislation in the Water Law Act of 2017. These goals are achieved by the use of appropriate legal instruments as a system of water-law approvals, including a permit, notification and legal-water assessment. The subject of the analysis is water-legal assessments as a new legal and administrative instrument of water protection. The aim is to deter-mine the legal nature of water-law assessments and to indicate their role in the protection of surface waters. Obtaining this assessment is required for investments that may affect the possibility of achieving environmental goals. If the planned investment has a positive or no impact on the possibility of achieving the environmental goals, it seems that the legal-water assessment is made. In the case of a negative impact, the obligation to submit documents confirming that all measures are taken to mitigate the negative effects of the impact on the state of water bodies are imposed. In this way, the legislator strengthened the protection of waters by imposing the obligation to meet additional conditions for large-scale investments that have a negative impact on the water environment.

scholarly journals Impact of the municipal merger on watershed management: a study of Lake Kasumigaura, Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Mizunoya ◽  
Noriko Nozaki ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Lake Kasumigaura ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the early 2000s, Japan instituted the Great Heisei Consolidation, a national strategy to promote large-scale municipal mergers. This study analyzes the impact that this strategy could have on watershed management. We select the Lake Kasumigaura Basin, the second largest lake in Japan, for the case study and construct a dynamic expanded input–output model to simulate the ecological system around the Lake, the socio-environmental changes over the period, and their mutual dependency for the period 2012–2020. In the model, we regulate and control the following water pollutants: total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand. The results show that a trade-off between economic activity and the environment can be avoided within a specific range of pollution reduction, given that the prefectural government implements optimal water environment policies, assuming that other factors constraining economic growth exist. Additionally, municipal mergers are found to significantly reduce the budget required to improve the water environment, but merger budget efficiency varies nonlinearly with the reduction rate. Furthermore, despite the increase in financial efficiency from the merger, the efficiency of installing domestic wastewater treatment systems decreases drastically beyond a certain pollution reduction level and eventually reaches a limit. Further reductions require direct regulatory instruments in addition to economic policies, along with limiting the output of each industry. Most studies on municipal mergers apply a political, administrative, or financial perspective; few evaluate the quantitative impact of municipal mergers on the environment and environmental policy implications. This study addresses these gaps.

Not always a quick fix: The impact of employing temporary agency workers on retention in the Australian aged care workforce

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra King ◽  
Sven Svensson ◽  
Zhang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Nurse Satisfaction ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Care Worker ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temporary Agency Workers

The use of external labour such as temporary agency workers in the general workforce has increased in recent decades, but comparatively little is known about their impact within the aged care workforce. This article analyses quantitative data from a census of aged care facilities and a large-scale survey of their workforce regarding the use and impact of temporary agency workers on internal workers. It demonstrates that employing temporary agency workers helps address labour shortages generally and skill shortages in particular. However, it has a negative impact on the job satisfaction of internal personal care workers – a predictor of an increase in intention to leave. In contrast, there was little impact on internal nurse satisfaction. The use of temporary agency workers could therefore create a paradox: increasing personal care worker numbers in the short term, but negatively impacting on their retention in the long term. Given the need for an expanded and sustainable aged care workforce, this finding has important implications for organisations, policy and unions.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF LAND RECLAMATION AND PROTECTION DURING MINING IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(71)) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Olga Igorevna Ivanova ◽  
Aleksey Vasilevich Kozhukhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Land Allocation ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Actual Height ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Mining

The purpose of the study is to influence land resources during mining operations, and the main stages of land reclamation during mining on the example of the Tyradinsky gold Deposit, the "Zolotaya Tyrada" quarry, located in the Yenisei region of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The main factors of impact on land resources in the process of mining the field are considered; the analysis of measures to reduce the negative impact on land resources in the process of mining the field is carried out. The actual height and area of overburden dump not to exceed project, the reconfiguration of dumps allowed us to reduce the impact of mining on the environment, to avoid placing parts of the dumps in the water protection zone of the river Terada, thus there is no need of land allocation to forests of the first group and reduced the amount of removed topsoil. During the reclamation, potentially fertile soils (loam) taken from the quarry were used. There will be no deterioration in the impact on land resources during the liquidation process, due to the short duration of the work and within the existing land allotment.

scholarly journals Climate Perspectives in the Intra–Americas Seas

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Ana María Durán-Quesada ◽  
Rogert Sorí ◽  
Paulina Ordoñez ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The Impact

The Intra–Americas Seas region is known for its relevance to air–sea interaction processes, the contrast between large water masses and a relatively small continental area, and the occurrence of extreme events. The differing weather systems and the influence of variability at different spatio–temporal scales is a characteristic feature of the region. The impact of hydro–meteorological extreme events has played a huge importance for regional livelihood, having a mostly negative impact on socioeconomics. The frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events and droughts are often discussed in terms of their impact on economic activities and access to water. Furthermore, future climate projections suggest that warming scenarios are likely to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme events, which poses a major threat to vulnerable communities. In a region where the economy is largely dependent on agriculture and the population is exposed to the impact of extremes, understanding the climate system is key to informed policymaking and management plans. A wealth of knowledge has been published on regional weather and climate, with a majority of studies focusing on specific components of the system. This study aims to provide an integral overview of regional weather and climate suitable for a wider community. Following the presentation of the general features of the region, a large scale is introduced outlining the main structures that affect regional climate. The most relevant climate features are briefly described, focusing on sea surface temperature, low–level circulation, and rainfall patterns. The impact of climate variability at the intra–seasonal, inter–annual, decadal, and multi–decadal scales is discussed. Climate change is considered in the regional context, based on current knowledge for natural and anthropogenic climate change. The present challenges in regional weather and climate studies have also been included in the concluding sections of this review. The overarching aim of this work is to leverage information that may be transferred efficiently to support decision–making processes and provide a solid foundation on regional weather and climate for professionals from different backgrounds.

scholarly journals How to Choose Pollution Indicators for Monitoring Landfill Leachates

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wdowczyk ◽  
Agata Szymańska-Pulikowska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Pollution Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Leachates are one of the main factors polluting the ground and water environment in the vicinity of landfills. This is connected with the need to systematically control the elements of the environment that are exposed to the negative impact of landfill emissions. In Poland, the scope of landfill leachate quality monitoring includes 10 obligatory parameters (pollution indicators). The paper presents an example of the application of selected statistical methods (basic statistics, statistical tests, principal component analysis) to assess the impact of individual pollution indicators on the quality of landfill leachates. Four landfills from the area of Lower Silesia were selected for analyzes, for which in the years 2018–2019 tests of leachate properties were conducted in an extended scope (in relation to the scope applicable during monitoring). Analyses of the obtained results showed significant differences between landfills, depending mainly on their age and method of operation. Specific factors for assessing differences between landfills were as follows: electrolytic conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD(Cr)), organic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, chlorides and calcium. The values of some of the parameters included in the monitoring studies did not show variability, remaining below the limit of quantification. The conducted analyses permit the determination of the level of leachate contamination from selected landfills and the proposal of indicators that could complement the monitoring range of landfills for many years.

scholarly journals Experimental illumination of natural habitat—an experimental set-up to assess the direct and indirect ecological consequences of artificial light of different spectral composition

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1667) ◽  
pp. 20140129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamiel Spoelstra ◽  
Roy H. A. van Grunsven ◽  
Maurice Donners ◽  
Phillip Gienapp ◽  
Martinus E. Huigens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Artificial night-time illumination of natural habitats has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Generally, studies that assess the impact of artificial light on various species in the wild make use of existing illumination and are therefore correlative. Moreover, studies mostly focus on short-term consequences at the individual level, rather than long-term consequences at the population and community level—thereby ignoring possible unknown cascading effects in ecosystems. The recent change to LED lighting has opened up the exciting possibility to use light with a custom spectral composition, thereby potentially reducing the negative impact of artificial light. We describe here a large-scale, ecosystem-wide study where we experimentally illuminate forest-edge habitat with different spectral composition, replicated eight times. Monitoring of species is being performed according to rigid protocols, in part using a citizen-science-based approach, and automated where possible. Simultaneously, we specifically look at alterations in behaviour, such as changes in activity, and daily and seasonal timing. In our set-up, we have so far observed that experimental lights facilitate foraging activity of pipistrelle bats, suppress activity of wood mice and have effects on birds at the community level, which vary with spectral composition. Thus far, we have not observed effects on moth populations, but these and many other effects may surface only after a longer period of time.

scholarly journals impact of Covid-19 on chicken broiler farm business in Malang Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Sutraning Nurahmi ◽  
Lili Zalizar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Broiler Farm ◽  
The Government ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
The Impact

The contagious COVID-19 spreads rapidly worldwide. The pandemic poses risks to multiple sectors of the world economy, including the agricultural and livestock sectors. Despite the economic potential of the broiler farm business, indicated by its increasing broiler population, production, and public consumption, the large-scale social restrictions imposed by the government as an effort to mitigate the pandemic spread has decreased the demand for and supply of broiler meat. This current study is aimed at obtaining an overview of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has on the broiler farm business in Malang Regency. The data of this qualitative descriptive study were collected by means of interviews, personal documentation, and other supporting documents. Sampling was carried out using a stratified random sampling technique as the broiler population was non-homogenous and stratified.The broiler population was divided into two groups: 1) less than 5,000 heads broiler-population; and 2) more than 5,000 heads broiler-population. The study results showed that the negative impact caused by the pandemic on the broiler farm business include declines in the broiler meat selling prices, farmers’ income, and broiler population. The decline in selling prices is caused by the broiler supply demand imbalance and changes in the public consumption patterns during the pandemic, favouring food ingredients with longer durability. The farmers’ income decline occurs as a result of the dropping price of live broilers combined with the extra costs that the farmers have to spend to keep the business operating during the pandemic. Finally, the decline in broiler population takes place because of chick-in cancellation to suppress excess supply at the following harvest period. The broiler population restriction controls are conducted in order to regulate prices at the consumer level.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis on the environmental impact of large-scale water transfer project on water resource area in a changing environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 2685-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Yan ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
H. H. Li ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
T. L. Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Reserves

Abstract. The interbasin long-distance water transfer project is key support for the reasonable allocation of water resources in a large-scale area, which can optimize the spatio-temporal change of water resources to secure the amount of water available. Large-scale water transfer projects have a deep influence on ecosystems; besides, global climate change causes uncertainty and additive effect of the environmental impact of water transfer projects. Therefore, how to assess the ecological and environmental impact of megaprojects in both construction and operation phases has triggered a lot of attention. The water-output area of the western route of China's South-North Water Transfer Project was taken as the study area of the present article. According to relevant evaluation principles and on the basis of background analysis, we identified the influencing factors and established the diagnostic index system. The climate-hydrology-ecology coupled simulation model was used to simulate and predict ecological and environmental responses of the water resource area in a changing environment. The emphasis of impact evaluation was placed on the reservoir construction and operation scheduling, representative river corridors and wetlands, natural reserves and the water environment below the dam sites. In the end, an overall evaluation of the comprehensive influence of the project was conducted. The research results were as follows: the environmental impacts of the western route project in the water resource area were concentrated on two aspects: the permanent destruction of vegetation during the phase of dam construction and river impoundment, and the significant influence on the hydrological situation of natural river corridor after the implementation of water extraction. The impact on local climate, vegetation ecology, typical wetlands, natural reserves and the water environment of river basins below the dam sites was small.

scholarly journals The Impact of the SARS-CoV-19 Pandemic on the Global Gross Domestic Product

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5246
Author(s):  
Piotr Korneta ◽  
Katarzyna Rostek
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Piecewise Linear Approximation ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The rapid, unexpected, and large-scale expansion of the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic has led to a global health and economy crisis. However, although the crisis itself is a worldwide phenomenon, there have been considerable differences between respective countries in terms of SARS-CoV-19 morbidities and fatalities as well as the GDP impact. The object of this paper was to study the influence of the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic on global gross domestic product. We analyzed data relating to 176 countries in the 11-month period from February 2020 to December 2020. We employed SARS-CoV-19 morbidity and fatality rates reported by different countries as proxies for the development of the pandemic. The analysis employed in our study was based on moving median and quartiles, Kendall tau-b coefficients, and multi-segment piecewise-linear approximation with Theil–Sen trend lines. In the study, we empirically confirmed and measured the negative impact of the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic on the respective national economies. The relationship between the pandemic and the economy is not uniform and depends on the extent of the pandemic’s development. The more intense the pandemic, the more adaptive the economies of specific countries become.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Lockdown and Lifestyles – A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy ◽  
Sohaila Cheema ◽  
Ahmad Al Mulla ◽  
Ravinder Mamtani
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Background: The primary objective worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic has been controlling disease transmission. However, lockdown measures used to mitigate transmission have affected human behavior and altered lifestyles, with a likely impact on chronic non-communicable diseases. More than a year into the pandemic, substantial peer-reviewed literature has emerged on altered lifestyles following the varying lockdown measures imposed globally to control the virus spread. Objective: To explore the impact of lockdown measures on the six lifestyle factors, namely diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, social connectedness, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, or other harmful substances.Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed and the World Health Organization’s global literature database on COVID-19 and retrieved 649 relevant articles for the narrative review. A critical interpretative synthesis of the articles was performed.Results: Most of the articles included in the review identified the negative effect of lockdown measures on each of the lifestyle factors in many parts of the world. Interestingly, encouraging lifestyle trends were also highlighted in a few articles. Such trends can positively influence the outcome of lifestyle-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to better understand the negative impact of strict lockdown measures on lifestyles. At the same time, it helps us identify and initiate positive behavioral changes, which, if consolidated, could improve chronic disease outcomes. It is up to governments, communities, and healthcare/academic entities to derive benefit from lessons learned from the pandemic, with the ultimate objective of better educating and promoting healthy lifestyles among communities.

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