Abstract 944: exoSTING: An engineered exosome therapeutic that selectively delivers STING agonist to the tumor resident antigen-presenting cells resulting in improved tumor antigen-specific adaptive immune response

Key PointsSalmonella is engineered to specifically infect tumor cells based on recognition of a tumor antigen by a bacterial-expressed antibody. Once inside, Salmonella can transfer cytotoxic cargos to destroy human tumors even in the absence of an adaptive immune response.

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MHC structure and function – antigen presentation. Part 1

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082015rb3122 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 153-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anna Carla Goldberg ◽

Luiz Vicente Rizzo

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cell Receptors ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Cell Surfaces ◽

Vast Array ◽

Innate Defense ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

And Function ◽

Antigen Presenting

The setting for the occurrence of an immune response is that of the need to cope with a vast array of different antigens from both pathogenic and non-pathogenic sources. When the first barriers against infection and innate defense fail, adaptive immune response enters the stage for recognition of the antigens by means of extremely variable molecules, namely immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors. The latter recognize the antigen exposed on cell surfaces, in the form of peptides presented by the HLA molecule. The first part of this review details the central role played by these molecules, establishing the close connection existing between their structure and their antigen presenting function.

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Swine Dendritic Cell Response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: An Update

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.712109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jesús Hernández ◽

Yanli Li ◽

Enric Mateu

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Respiratory Pathogen ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Unexplored Area ◽

Plasmacytoid Dcs ◽

Antigen Presenting

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, unique to initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response. In pigs, conventional DCs (cDCs), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) have been described in blood and tissues. Different pathogens, such as viruses, could infect these cells, and in some cases, compromise their response. The understanding of the interaction between DCs and viruses is critical to comprehend viral immunopathological responses. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most important respiratory pathogen in the global pig population. Different reports support the notion that PRRSV modulates pig immune response in addition to their genetic and antigenic variability. The interaction of PRRSV with DCs is a mostly unexplored area with conflicting results and lots of uncertainties. Among the scarce certainties, cDCs and pDCs are refractory to PRRSV infection in contrast to moDCs. Additionally, response of DCs to PRRSV can be different depending on the type of DCs and maybe is related to the virulence of the viral isolate. The precise impact of this virus-DC interaction upon the development of the specific immune response is not fully elucidated. The present review briefly summarizes and discusses the previous studies on the interaction of in vitro derived bone marrow (bm)- and moDCs, and in vivo isolated cDCs, pDCs, and moDCs with PRRSV1 and 2.

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Prophylactic Cancer Vaccines Engineered to Elicit Specific Adaptive Immune Response

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.626463 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Davis W. Crews ◽

Jenna A. Dombroski ◽

Michael R. King

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Cancer Vaccines ◽

Tumor Development ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

The United States ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

B Virus ◽

Different Types ◽

Antigen Presenting

Vaccines have been used to prevent and eradicate different diseases for over 200 years, and new vaccine technologies have the potential to prevent many common illnesses. Cancer, despite many advances in therapeutics, is still the second leading causes of death in the United States. Prophylactic, or preventative, cancer vaccines have the potential to reduce cancer prevalence by initiating a specific immune response that will target cancer before it can develop. Cancer vaccines can include many different components, such as peptides and carbohydrates, and be fabricated for delivery using a variety of means including through incorporation of stabilizing chemicals like polyethylene glycol (PEG) and pan-DR helper T-lymphocyte epitope (PADRE), fusion with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), microneedle patches, and liposomal encapsulation. There are currently five cancer vaccines used in the clinic, protecting against either human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV), and preventing several different types of cancer including cervical and oral cancer. Prophylactic cancer vaccines can promote three different types of adaptive responses: humoral (B cell, or antibody-mediated), cellular (T cell) or a combination of the two types. Each vaccine has its advantages and challenges at eliciting an adaptive immune response, but these prophylactic cancer vaccines in development have the potential to prevent or delay tumor development, and reduce the incidence of many common cancers.

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Leptin’s and antigen-presenting cells’ functions in periodontitis – an overview / Leptin e as funções das células que apresentam antigénios na periodontite - uma visão geral

Brazilian Journal of Health Review ◽

10.34119/bjhrv4n2-333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 8011-8019

Author(s):

Giovanna Ganem Favero ◽

Isabela Lopes Martin ◽

Fernanda Pereira da Silva Albino ◽

Carlos Eduardo Fontana ◽

Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Dendritic Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Antigen Presenting Cells ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Inflammatory Immune Response ◽

Antigen Presenting ◽

The Relationship

Leptin is a hormone synthesized predominantly by white adipose tissue. Its production levels are directly proportional to the total mass of this tissue in an individual’s body. Apart from its classic role in the regulation of hunger and satiety, it also plays an important part in scenarios involving innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been discovered that leptin levels are altered in a variety of inflammatory responses, such as periodontitis, a condition which derives from a persistent inflammatory immune response from a host facing bacterial infection. The initial trigger for this reaction is the recognition of the pathogens by antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, whose actions can be influenced by leptin. This review aims to present the relationship between leptin, dendritic cells and macrophages in the context of periodontal disease. Thus, we have assembled the most important findings related to leptin’s role in the modulation of the immune response carried out by these cells in periodontitis.

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