Abstract PR-03: Neighborhood-level redlining-associated methylation in breast tumors: The impact of structural racism on the tumor epigenome

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine M Miller-Kleinhenz ◽  
Leah Moubadder ◽  
Kirsten M. Beyer ◽  
Yuhong Zhou ◽  
Anne H. Gaglioti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neighborhood Level

scholarly journals Examining the Neighborhood Attributes of Recently Housed Partner Violence Survivors in Rapid Rehousing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4177
Author(s):  
Charvonne N. Holliday ◽  
Kristin Bevilacqua ◽  
Karen Trister Grace ◽  
Langan Denhard ◽  
Arshdeep Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Social Familiarity ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Economic Tradeoffs ◽  
Safety And Stability ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Survivors’ considerations for re-housing following intimate partner violence (IPV) are understudied despite likely neighborhood-level influences on women’s safety. We assess housing priorities and predictors of re-housing location among recent IPV survivors (n = 54) in Rapid Re-housing (RRH) in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. Choropleth maps depict residential location relative to census tract characteristics (neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and residential segregation) derived from American Community Survey data (2013–2017). Linear regression measured associations between women’s individual, economic, and social factors and NDI and segregation. In-depth interviews (n = 16) contextualize quantitative findings. Overall, survivors re-housed in significantly more deprived and racially segregated census tracts within their respective regions. In adjusted models, trouble securing housing (B = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.13, 1.34), comfortability with proximity to loved ones (B = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.02, 1.48), and being unsure (vs unlikely) about IPV risk (B = −0.76, 95% CI: −1.39, −0.14) were significantly associated with NDI. Economic dependence on an abusive partner (B = −0.31, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.06) predicted re-housing in segregated census tracts; occasional stress about housing affordability (B = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.75) predicted re-housing in less segregated census tracts. Qualitative results contextualize economic (affordability), safety, and social (familiarity) re-housing considerations and process impacts (inspection delays). Structural racism, including discriminatory housing practices, intersect with gender, exacerbating challenges among survivors of severe IPV. This mixed-methods study further highlights the significant economic tradeoffs for safety and stability, where the prioritization of safety may exacerbate economic devastation for IPV survivors. Findings will inform programmatic policies for RRH practices among survivors.

scholarly journals Addressing inequities in maternal health among women living in communities of social disadvantage and ethnic diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Fernandez Turienzo ◽  
◽  
Mary Newburn ◽  
Agnes Agyepong ◽  
Rachael Buabeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe response to the coronavirus outbreak and how the disease and its societal consequences pose risks to already vulnerable groups such those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged and ethnic minority groups. Researchers and community groups analysed how the COVID-19 crisis has exacerbated persisting vulnerabilities, socio-economic and structural disadvantage and discrimination faced by many communities of social disadvantage and ethnic diversity, and discussed future strategies on how best to engage and involve local groups in research to improve outcomes for childbearing women experiencing mental illness and those living in areas of social disadvantage and ethnic diversity. Discussions centred around: access, engagement and quality of care; racism, discrimination and trust; the need for engagement with community stakeholders; and the impact of wider social and economic inequalities. Addressing biomedical factors alone is not sufficient, and integrative and holistic long-term public health strategies that address societal and structural racism and overall disadvantage in society are urgently needed to improve health disparities and can only be implemented in partnership with local communities.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Interaction between Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Breast Tumor Progression

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Jorge Martinez ◽  
Patricio C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Desmoplastic Reaction ◽  
The Impact

Desmoplastic tumors correspond to a unique tissue structure characterized by the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix. Breast tumors are a typical example of this type of lesion, a property that allows its palpation and early detection. Fibrillar type I collagen is a major component of tumor desmoplasia and its accumulation is causally linked to tumor cell survival and metastasis. For many years, the desmoplastic phenomenon was considered to be a reaction and response of the host tissue against tumor cells and, accordingly, designated as “desmoplastic reaction”. This notion has been challenged in the last decades when desmoplastic tissue was detected in breast tissue in the absence of tumor. This finding suggests that desmoplasia is a preexisting condition that stimulates the development of a malignant phenotype. With this perspective, in the present review, we analyze the role of extracellular matrix remodeling in the development of the desmoplastic response. Importantly, during the discussion, we also analyze the impact of obesity and cell metabolism as critical drivers of tissue remodeling during the development of desmoplasia. New knowledge derived from the dynamic remodeling of the extracellular matrix may lead to novel targets of interest for early diagnosis or therapy in the context of breast tumors.

Abstract P283: Healthy Food Marketing Can Potentially Increase Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables in New York City Neighborhoods

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
David S Siscovick ◽  
Donglan Zhang ◽  
José A Pagán
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Introduction: Consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease . While five or more servings of fruits and vegetables are recommended, only 50% of residents of New York City (NYC) consume two or more servings a day. While food marketing can change individual dietary behaviors, there is limited evidence on the extent to which healthy food marketing strategies—such as community-based and mass-media campaigns—influence fruit and vegetable consumption at the neighborhood level. Agent-based modeling (ABM) has the potential to provide new insights on how healthy food marketing may impact dietary behaviors by simulating interventions, consumption decisions, and interactions among people in different contexts. Hypothesis: Healthy food marketing significantly increases consumption of fruit and vegetables in NYC neighborhoods. The impact of healthy food marketing varies across different neighborhoods depending on population characteristics and the local food environment. Methods: We developed an ABM that takes into account individual and neighborhood-level factors (e.g., age, gender, education, food environment) and influences of social networks (peers, friends, and family) to predict dietary behaviors of individuals at the neighborhood level. Model parameters were estimated from the Food Attitudes and Behaviors Survey, United States Census data, and previous studies. Healthy food marketing can strengthen positive social norms with regard to dietary behaviors. We simulated two hypothetical healthy food marketing interventions that could improve the influence of positive social norms by 5% and 10%, respectively. We predicted the impact of these interventions on the proportion of the population who consume two or more servings of fruits and vegetables across 34 NYC neighborhoods (defined by the United Hospital Fund) in three years. We validated our model using data from the NYC Community Health Survey. Results: The simulation results suggested that the healthy food marketing interventions have the potential to increase the proportion of the population who consume two or more servings of fruits and vegetables over three years: for a 5% improvement on positive social norms, the increase in the proportion was 0.58% - 8.97% by neighborhood; and for a 10% improvement on positive social norms, 2.68% - 13.94% by neighborhood. Exploratory analyses suggested that among population characteristics, a high proportion of population without a high school diploma was associated with lower effectiveness of healthy food marketing in increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables. Conclusions: Healthy food marketing may increase consumption of fruits and vegetables in NYC, but more attention to the mechanisms that account for the lower increase in neighborhoods with low educational attainment is needed.

Urban Finescale Forecasting Reveals Weather Conditions with Unprecedented Detail

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 2675-2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Ronda ◽  
G. J. Steeneveld ◽  
B. G. Heusinkveld ◽  
J. J. Attema ◽  
A. A. M. Holtslag
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Weather ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Abstract Urban landscapes impact the lives of urban dwellers by influencing local weather conditions. However, weather forecasting down to the street and neighborhood scale has been beyond the capabilities of numerical weather prediction (NWP) despite the fact that observational systems are now able to monitor urban climate at these scales. In this study, weather forecasts at intra-urban scales were achieved by exploiting recent advances in topographic element mapping and aerial photography as well as looking at detailed mappings of soil characteristics and urban morphological properties, which were subsequently incorporated into a specifically adapted Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The urban weather forecasting system (UFS) was applied to the Amsterdam, Netherlands, metropolitan area during the summer of 2015, where it produced forecasts for the city down to the neighborhood level (a few hundred meters). Comparing these forecasts to the dense network of urban weather station observations within the Amsterdam metropolitan region showed that the forecasting system successfully determined the impact of urban morphological characteristics and urban spatial structure on local temperatures, including the cooling effect of large water bodies on local urban temperatures. The forecasting system has important practical applications for end users such as public health agencies, local governments, and energy companies. It appears that the forecasting system enables forecasts of events on a neighborhood level where human thermal comfort indices exceeded risk thresholds during warm weather episodes. These results prove that worldwide urban weather forecasting is within reach of NWP, provided that appropriate data and computing resources become available to ensure timely and efficient forecasts.

scholarly journals Comprehensive characterization of claudin-low breast tumors reflects the impact of the cell-of-origin on cancer evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxane M. Pommier ◽  
Amélien Sanlaville ◽  
Laurie Tonon ◽  
Janice Kielbassa ◽  
Emilie Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Cancer Evolution ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

scholarly journals Examining the Impact of Structural Racism on Food Insecurity

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. S3-S6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Odoms-Young ◽  
Marino A. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Race Differentials in Obesity: The Impact of Place

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Boardman ◽  
Jarron M. Saint Onge ◽  
Richard G. Rogers ◽  
Justin T. Denney
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neighborhood Level

This article reveals race differentials in obesity as both an individual- and neighborhood-level phenomena. Using neighborhood-level data from the 1990–1994 National Health Interview Survey, we find that neighborhoods characterized by high proportions of black residents have a greater prevalence of obesity than areas in which the majority of the residents are white. Using individual-level data, we also find that residents of neighborhoods in which at least one-quarter of the residents are black face a 13 percent increase in the odds of being obese compared to residents of other communities. The association between neighborhood racial composition and obesity is completely attenuated after including statistical controls for the poverty rate and obesity prevalence of respondents' neighborhoods. These findings support the underlying assumptions of both institutional and social models of neighborhood effects.

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