Examining the Neighborhood Attributes of Recently Housed Partner Violence Survivors in Rapid Rehousing

Survivors’ considerations for re-housing following intimate partner violence (IPV) are understudied despite likely neighborhood-level influences on women’s safety. We assess housing priorities and predictors of re-housing location among recent IPV survivors (n = 54) in Rapid Re-housing (RRH) in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. Choropleth maps depict residential location relative to census tract characteristics (neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and residential segregation) derived from American Community Survey data (2013–2017). Linear regression measured associations between women’s individual, economic, and social factors and NDI and segregation. In-depth interviews (n = 16) contextualize quantitative findings. Overall, survivors re-housed in significantly more deprived and racially segregated census tracts within their respective regions. In adjusted models, trouble securing housing (B = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.13, 1.34), comfortability with proximity to loved ones (B = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.02, 1.48), and being unsure (vs unlikely) about IPV risk (B = −0.76, 95% CI: −1.39, −0.14) were significantly associated with NDI. Economic dependence on an abusive partner (B = −0.31, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.06) predicted re-housing in segregated census tracts; occasional stress about housing affordability (B = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.75) predicted re-housing in less segregated census tracts. Qualitative results contextualize economic (affordability), safety, and social (familiarity) re-housing considerations and process impacts (inspection delays). Structural racism, including discriminatory housing practices, intersect with gender, exacerbating challenges among survivors of severe IPV. This mixed-methods study further highlights the significant economic tradeoffs for safety and stability, where the prioritization of safety may exacerbate economic devastation for IPV survivors. Findings will inform programmatic policies for RRH practices among survivors.

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Love in the Time of War: Identifying Neighborhood-level Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence from a Longitudinal Study in Refugee-hosting Communities

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520986267 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052098626

Author(s):

Sarah Treves-Kagan ◽

Amber Peterman ◽

Nisha C. Gottfredson ◽

Andrés Villaveces ◽

Kathryn E. Moracco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Social Disorganization ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Social Environments ◽

Community Members ◽

Household Level ◽

Community Connectedness ◽

Displaced People ◽

Neighborhood Level

A high prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) has been documented among women living in conflict-affected and refugee-hosting areas, but why this occurs is not well understood. Conflict and displacement deteriorate communities’ social cohesion and community connectedness; these neighborhood social environments may influence individual IPV outcomes. We explored neighborhood-level social disorganization and cohesion as predictors of recent IPV in refugee-hosting communities in northern Ecuador by conducting multi-level logistic regression on a longitudinal sample of 1,312 women. Neighborhood social disorganization was marginally positively associated with emotional IPV (AOR: 1.17, 95% CI: .99, 1.38) and physical and/or sexual IPV (AOR: 1.20, 95% CI: .96, 1.51). This was partially mediated by neighborhood-level civic engagement in the case of emotional IPV. At the household level, perceived discrimination and experience of psychosocial stressors were risk factors for both types of IPV, whereas social support was protective. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to examine how neighborhood social factors influence IPV outcomes in refugee-hosting communities or in South America. As the world grapples with the largest number of displaced people in history, this research can inform prevention and response programming and reinforces the critical importance of promoting acceptance of refugees and immigrants and positively engaging all community members in civic life in refugee-hosting settings.

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The pace of “the good life”: Connecting past, present, and future in the context of a housing affordability crisis

Time & Society ◽

10.1177/0961463x20987814 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0961463X2098781

Author(s):

Petr Kubala ◽

Tomáš Hoření Samec

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Good Life ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Housing Affordability ◽

General Question ◽

The Good Life ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Ideal Types ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

The Ideal

This article focuses on the topic of the young adult’s cleft habitus influenced by a housing affordability crisis in the Czech Republic and examines how this situation affects the young adult’s relation to the imagination of a temporally structured life course and synchronization of life spheres (housing, family, and work). This article is based on qualitative in-depth interviews conducted in the four cities most affected by the house and rent price increase. The general question addresses if and how social inequalities, sharpened by the current housing affordability crisis, affect the process of narrative life course coherence creation (the connection of past, present, and future) in relation to an orientation toward a vision of “the good life.” We furthermore complement the already existing ideal types of the young adult’s relation toward time— confident continuity and cautious contingency—with two other two types— cautious continuity and total contingency—defined on the basis of our data. We argue that the ability of young adults to envision a coherent future is related to the feeling of secured housing and that the idea of the good life is depicted to a large extent through the ideal of homeownership, although the precarity of the housing market makes homeownership harder to reach for those from unprivileged backgrounds.

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Abstract P873: Structural Racism in Columbus, Ohio Associated With Stroke Prevalence

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p873 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jeffrey J Wing ◽

Emily E Lynch ◽

Sarah E Laurent ◽

Bruce C Mitchell ◽

Jason Richardson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Census Tract ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Structural Racism ◽

Stroke Outcomes ◽

Census Tracts ◽

Census Tract Level ◽

Stroke Prevalence ◽

Level Information ◽

Fundamental Cause ◽

Loan Corporation

Introduction: Racial disparities exist in stroke and stroke outcomes. However, the fundamental cause for these disparities are not biological differences, but structural racism. Using the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) ‘redlining’ scores, as indicator of structural lending practices from middle of the last century, we hypothesize that census tracts with high historic redlining are associated with higher stroke prevalence. Methods: Weighted historic redlining scores (HRS) were calculated using the proportion of 1930s HOLC residential security grades contained within 2010 census tract boundaries of Columbus, Ohio. Stroke prevalence (adults >=18) was obtained at the census tract-level from the CDC’s 500 Cities Project. Sociodemographic factors, as measured by census tract level information (American Community Survey 2014-2018), were considered mediators in the causal association between historic redlining (measured in 1936) and stroke prevalence (measured in 2017) and were not controlled for in regression analysis. The functional form of the association was non-linear, so stroke prevalence within quartiles of the HRS were compared using linear regression instead of a continuous score. Results: Higher HRS, representing greater redlining, were associated with greater prevalence of stroke when comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of HRS (Figure). Census tracts in the highest quartile of HRS had 1.48% higher stroke prevalence compared to those in the lowest quartile (95% CI: 0.23-2.74). No other interquartile differences were observed. Conclusions: Historic redlining practices are a form of structural racism that established geographic systems of disadvantage and consequently, poor health outcomes. Our findings demonstrate disparate stroke prevalence by degree of historic redlining in census tracts across Columbus, Ohio. While ecologic, this study demonstrates the need to acknowledge that racism, not race, drive stroke disparities.

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The Relationship Between Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Incidence Among Louisiana Census Tracts

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.617976 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Erin N. Biggs ◽

Patrick M. Maloney ◽

Ariane L. Rung ◽

Edward S. Peters ◽

William T. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Social Vulnerability ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Social Vulnerability Index ◽

Census Tracts ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Choropleth Maps ◽

The Relationship

Objective: To examine the association between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and COVID-19 incidence among Louisiana census tracts.Methods: An ecological study comparing the CDC SVI and census tract-level COVID-19 case counts was conducted. Choropleth maps were used to identify census tracts with high levels of both social vulnerability and COVID-19 incidence. Negative binomial regression with random intercepts was used to compare the relationship between overall CDC SVI percentile and its four sub-themes and COVID-19 incidence, adjusting for population density.Results: In a crude stratified analysis, all four CDC SVI sub-themes were significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence. Census tracts with higher levels of social vulnerability were associated with higher COVID-19 incidence after adjusting for population density (adjusted RR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.41-1.65).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that increased social vulnerability is linked with COVID-19 incidence. Additional resources should be allocated to areas of increased social disadvantage to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 in vulnerable populations.

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Alcohol Use, Mental Health Disability, and Violence Victimization in College Women: Exploring Connections

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801218787924 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (11) ◽

pp. 1314-1326 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amy Bonomi ◽

Emily Nichols ◽

Rebecca Kammes ◽

Carla D. Chugani ◽

Natacha M. De Genna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

College Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Family Of Origin ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Mental Health Symptoms ◽

Health Symptoms ◽

Violence Victimization ◽

Depth Interviews

The present study is an analysis of in-depth interviews with college women reporting a mental health disability and at least one experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) or sexual violence (SV) to elucidate how alcohol use is associated with both violence victimization and mental health symptoms. Our findings underscore salient alcohol-related themes in college women with histories of IPV/SV and mental health disability: alcohol use in their family of origin and/or with intimate partners, partying and heavy drinking as a normal college social context, abusive partners and SV perpetrators using alcohol as a mechanism for control and targeted rape, and worsening mental health symptoms after violence exposure, which prompted alcohol use to cope and was associated with vulnerability to more violence.

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“Don’t You Think It Is Violence Forcing Me to Have Sex While Not Happy?” Women’s Conceptualization of Enjoyable Sex and Sexual Intimate Partner Violence in Mwanza, Tanzania

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17217937 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (21) ◽

pp. 7937

Author(s):

Zaina Mchome ◽

Gerry Mshana ◽

Diana Aloyce ◽

Esther Peter ◽

Donati Malibwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Sexual Relationships ◽

Physical Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Forced Sex ◽

Wide Range ◽

Sexual Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Health And Development ◽

Depth Interviews

Intimate partner violence is a recognized public health and development issue that is consistently and comparatively measured through women’s experience of physical and/or sexual acts by their partner. While physical intimate partner violence is covered by a wide range of behaviors, sexual intimate partner violence (SIPV) is often only measured through attempted or completed forced sex, ignoring less obvious forms of sexual intimate partner violence. We explored women’s conceptualizations of SIPV by conducting in-depth interviews with 18 Tanzanian women. Using a thematic approach, we identified key features of women’s sexual intimate relationships and their perceptions of them. The women clearly defined acts of positive sexual relationships that occurred with mutual consent and seduction and SIPV that included acts of forced sex and sex under the threat of violence. They also identified several acts that were crossing the line, whereby a discrepancy of views existed whether they constituted SIPV, such as having sex when out of the mood, sex being the duty of the wife, sex during the menses, requests for anal sex, having sex to not lose the husband, husband refusing sex and husband having other partners. Women in this study felt violated by a far wider range of sexual acts in their relationships. Future studies need to improve the measurement of sexual intimate partner violence to allow the collection of encompassing, yet comparable, data on this harmful phenomenon.

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The Impact of Radical Love on Human Memory

Qualitative Inquiry ◽

10.1177/1077800420938884 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (8-9) ◽

pp. 1026-1032

Author(s):

Sandra Racionero-Plaza ◽

Leire Ugalde ◽

Ana Vidu ◽

Patricia Melgar ◽

Nagore Navarrete

Keyword(s):

Partner Violence ◽

Social Impact ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Human Memory ◽

Violent Relationships ◽

Reading Experience ◽

Personal Meanings ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

The social impact of reading the book Radical Love cannot be grasped by the dominant discourse on the evaluation of social impact. A deep understanding of autobiographical memories must go beyond the quantitative analysis of details and episodes to qualitatively examine the meanings constructed through recollection. Thus, we explored young women’s memories of intimate partner violence through memory narratives and the way these memories were reconstructed when the women read Radical Love. In addition, we examined the personal meanings given to this reading experience through in-depth interviews and a focus group. The results showed that Radical Love made the participants more critical about their memories and made these memories unappealing. This reading led some women to leave violent relationships and transform their prospective thinking. In a time when impact is measured mainly by research articles, this qualitative analysis of the memory transformation promoted by reading Radical Love demonstrates that books can also have a social impact.

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Challenges of researching gendered violence

Sexual Politics of Gendered Violence and Women's Citizenship ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447337782.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 33-50

Author(s):

Suzanne Franzway ◽

Nicole Moulding ◽

Sarah Wendt ◽

Carole Zufferey ◽

Donna Chung

Keyword(s):

Partner Violence ◽

Life Histories ◽

Large Scale ◽

National Study ◽

Gendered Violence ◽

New Knowledge ◽

Conducting Research ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Empirical Foundation

This chapter is focused on the challenges of researching gendered violence. Here, the chapter presents the empirical foundation and design of a large-scale national study conducted across Australia; which included a major survey, in-depth interviews, and constructed life histories. This chapter also considers some of the challenges faced when conducting and participating in gendered violence research in the context of the politics of ignorance and sexual politics. Given the risks that can flow from participating in and conducting research into gendered violence, it was particularly vital that the study was tightly conceptualised and methodologically sound, so that the benefits of participation by contributing to the development of new knowledge clearly outweighed any risks. The research study outlined here aimed to reveal the breadth and interconnected nature of the impact of intimate partner violence on women's citizenship as part of challenging wilful ignorance about violence and its relationship to gender inequality. As such, this research was an inherently political project that involved balancing a number of key considerations.

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The Involvement of Children in Postseparation Intimate Partner Violence in Italy: A Strategy to Maintain Coercive Control?

Affilia ◽

10.1177/0886109919857672 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 481-497

Author(s):

Mariachiara Feresin ◽

Federica Bastiani ◽

Lucia Beltramini ◽

Patrizia Romito

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Coercive Control ◽

Multimethod Research ◽

Complex Design ◽

Qualitative Part ◽

Depth Interviews

Violence against women often continues after couples separate. Although the involvement of children in intimate partner violence is known, no study has investigated the role of children in postseparation violence in southern Europe. The aim of this study was to analyze male perpetrators’ strategies to maintain control over the woman after couples separate and the involvement of children in this process. We designed a multimethod research with a sample of women attending five anti-violence centers in Italy: In the quantitative part, women were interviewed with a questionnaire ( N = 151) at baseline and followed up 18 months later ( N = 91); in the qualitative part, in-depth interviews were carried out with women ( N = 13) attending the same centers. Results showed that women experienced high levels of violence and that children were deeply involved. When women with children were no longer living with the violence perpetrator, threats, violence, manipulation, and controlling behaviors occurred during father–child contacts: 78.9% of women in the longitudinal survey and all women in the qualitative study reported at least one of these unsettling behaviors. The qualitative study allowed for discovering some specific perpetrator strategies. Making the woman feel guilty, threatening, denigrating, and impoverishing her; preventing her from living a normal life; and trying to destroy the mother–child bond were key elements of a complex design aimed at maintaining coercive control over the ex-partner. Results from this multimethod study provided a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of coercive control and postseparation violence and how perpetrators use children to fulfill their aims.

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Intimate Partner Violence and Resilience: The Experience of Women in Mother-Child Assisted Living Centers

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17228318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (22) ◽

pp. 8318

Author(s):

Chiara Rollero ◽

Federica Speranza

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Assisted Living ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Face To Face ◽

Trust Relationships ◽

Child Relationship ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Mother Child Relationship ◽

Depth Interviews

Research has largely documented the damaging consequences of intimate partner violence. However, the literature presents an important gap in the identification of factors that may strengthen resilience in the victims, especially in the case of mothers and pregnant women. The present study aimed at investigating the experience of abused mothers engaged in an educative path in a Mother–Child Assisted Living Center. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of eight women. Four main themes emerged from the interviews: (1) improvement in the mother–child relationship; (2) a process of personal change during the educative path; (3) the rebuilding of trust relationships; and (4) attitudes and hopes toward the future. Taken together, these findings highlight the process of resilience, conceived from a socioecological perspective as the ability to use resources rooted in interconnected systems. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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