A Comparison of the Prosodic Characteristics of the Speech of People with Parkinson’s Disease and Friedreich’s Ataxia with Neurologically Normal Speakers

SummaryOf 13 patients with Fried-reich's ataxia (Type la) and 17 with type Ila recessive ataxias, all were found to have levels of “free erythrocyte protoporphyrin “ (FEP) above the normal range. The rise in FEP in Friedreich's ataxia correlated well with the age of the individual and thus appears to be related to the course of the disease. Subjects with olivo-ponto-cerebel-lar atrophy, Charlevoix syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson's disease were also found to have significantly elevated FEP, although the distribution overlapped with the normal range.The finding of elevated FEP may indicate a relative heme deficiency in ataxia due to inhibition offerrochelatase leading to a state of ineffective, persistent erythropoiesis. The possibility of a prosta-glandin abnormality being related to this defect and to the pathogenesis of ataxia is considered.

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1.202 Time estimation in patients with Parkinson's disease and Friedreich's ataxia

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/s1353-8020(08)70475-9 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. S60-S61

Author(s):

M. Beudel ◽

S. Galama ◽

K.L. Leenders ◽

B.M. de Jong

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Time Estimation ◽

Friedreich’S Ataxia ◽

Friedreich's Ataxia

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Cerebrospinal fluid GABA and homocarnosine concentrations in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's chorea

Movement Disorders ◽

10.1002/mds.870020206 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 117-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. M. Bonnet ◽

G. Tell ◽

P. J. Schechter ◽

J. Grove ◽

M. H. Saint-Hilaire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Friedreich’S Ataxia ◽

Friedreich's Ataxia ◽

Huntington's Chorea

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Assessment of tongue weakness and fatigue

International Journal of Orofacial Myology ◽

10.52010/ijom.2004.30.1.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 8-19

Author(s):

Nancy Solomon

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Critical Level ◽

Tongue Strength ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Bite Block ◽

Language Pathology ◽

Dysarthric Speech ◽

Neurologically Normal ◽

Jaw Position

Assessment of nonspeech tongue function is common in speech-language pathology. This paper reviews techniques used to determine tongue strength and endurance, and describes a constant-effort task. These techniques are intended to reveal and quantify the presence of weakness or fatigue of the tongue. The consequences of performing these tasks with and without a bite block, used to fix jaw position, are considered. Whether nonspeech tongue impairment is associated with speech dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease is another topic of interest. Past studies indicated reduced tongue strength and endurance in Parkinson’s disease, but these measures did not correlate with speech measures. It was hypothesized that weakness and fatigue need to be impaired to a “critical” level before speech is perceptibly affected. To examine whether experimentally induced tongue fatigue affects speech, normal speakers performed prolonged strenuous tongue exercise. Speech deteriorated following these exercises. A new investigation examines whether 1 hour of speech-like tongue exercise (rapid syllable repetitions) affects dysarthric speech. Preliminary data from 6 participants with Parkinson’s disease, 1 person with bulbar ALS, and 6 neurologically normal control subjects indicate that sentences sound more precise but less natural after the exercises. Surprisingly, results did not differ significantly between the groups. Continued collection of data and refinement of tasks will contribute to our understanding of the potential relationships between weakness, fatigue, and speech.

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Effect of Rate Reduction and Increased Loudness on Acoustic Measures of Anticipatory Coarticulation in Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/1092-4388(2005/018) ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 261-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kris Tjaden ◽

Gregory E. Wilding

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Speech Production ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Rate Reduction ◽

Acoustic Measures ◽

Slow Condition ◽

Neurologically Normal ◽

First Moment

The present study compared patterns of anticipatory coarticulation for utterances produced in habitual, loud, and slow conditions by 17 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), 12 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 15 healthy controls. Coarticulation was inferred from vowel F2 frequencies and consonant first-moment coefficients. Rate-related changes in coarticulation differed depending on the particular phonetic events in an utterance. In some instances, the slow condition was associated with stronger anticipatory effects, but in other instances the slow condition was associated with weaker anticipatory effects, relative to other speaking conditions. In contrast, coarticulatory patterns for the loud and habitual conditions typically did not differ. Coarticulatory patterns also tended to be similar among speaker groups within each condition. Finally, when acoustic measures of coarticulation differed among speaking conditions, the direction and magnitude of the effect generally were similar for healthy controls, speakers with MS, and speakers with PD. These results are consistent with studies suggesting mostly preserved patterns of coarticulation for speakers with mild to moderate dysarthria, as well as research indicating only subtle coordination deficits for individuals with dysarthria. The finding that increased loudness had a negligible effect on coarticulation also appears to be at odds with the suggestion that increased loudness stimulates orofacial coordination for speakers with dysarthria, although studies including speakers exhibiting coordination impairments at habitual speaking rates would provide a stronger test of this suggestion. Lastly, the fact that speaking condition similarly affected acoustic measures of anticipatory coarticulation for all speaker groups suggests the feasibility of applying theories and models of speech production for neurologically normal talkers to the study of dysarthria.

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Two Types of Spheroid Bodies in the Nigral Neurons in Parkinson's Disease

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100031838 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 287-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Tatsuo Yamada ◽

Haruhiko Akiyama ◽

Patrick L. McGeer

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Dopaminergic Neurons ◽

Staining Pattern ◽

Lewy Bodies ◽

Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽

Striatonigral Degeneration ◽

Neurologically Normal ◽

Normal Controls ◽

Dystrophic Dendrites

ABSTRACT:Dendritic spheroid bodies (SBs) and Lewy bodies (LBs) were identified in comparable numbers in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SBC) of nine parkinsonian cases and one case of striatonigral degeneration but were not found irt cases of Huntington's disease or neurologically normal controls. The immunohistochemical profile of the SBs in dystrophic dendrites of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons was remarkably similar to that of the LBs found within dendrites or free of the SNC neuropil. Both types of inclusions stained positively with antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase, ubiquitin and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), and negatively for Tau-2, although they had different ultrastructural appearances. A few intracellular LBs were stained by antibodies to neurofilament proteins (NFs) 68, 160, and 200 kD, but dendritic SBs and extracellular LBs were not so stained. These data indicate that dendritic SBs and extracellular LBs may have a common molecular pathogenetic origin in Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, the SBs seen in the pars reticulata (SNR) and in the distal nigrostriatal axons even in control cases were generally stained by antibodies to NFs and ubiquitin but not to MAP2. This latter staining pattern in similar to that shown by SBs in the anterior horn in ALS and in the cerebellum of neurologically normal brains and is believed typical of axonal as opposed to dendritic SBs.

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Comprehensive analysis ofLRRK2in publicly available Parkinson's disease cases and neurologically normal controls

Human Mutation ◽

10.1002/humu.20668 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 485-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Coro Paisán-Ruíz ◽

Priti Nath ◽

Nicole Washecka ◽

J. Raphael Gibbs ◽

Andrew B. Singleton

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Neurologically Normal ◽

Normal Controls

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Sex-Related Abnormalities in Substantia Nigra Lipids in Parkinson’s Disease

ASN NEURO ◽

10.1177/1759091418781889 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 175909141878188 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

T. N. Seyfried ◽

H. Choi ◽

A. Chevalier ◽

D. Hogan ◽

Z. Akgoc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Substantia Nigra ◽

Water Content ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Neuronal Loss ◽

Sialic Acid Content ◽

Neurochemical Changes ◽

Neurologically Normal ◽

Lipid Abnormalities

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder involving the selective loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Differences in disease presentation, prevalence, and age of onset have been reported between males and females with PD. The content and composition of the major glycosphingolipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol were evaluated in the SN from 12 PD subjects and in 18 age-matched, neurologically normal controls. Total SN ganglioside sialic acid content and water content (%) were significantly lower in the male PD subjects than in the male controls. The content of all major gangliosides were reduced in the male PD subjects to some degree, but the neuronal-enriched gangliosides, GD1a and GT1b, were most significantly reduced. The distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol was also significantly lower in the male PD subjects than in the male controls. However, the distribution of myelin-enriched cerebrosides and sulfatides was significantly higher in the male PD subjects than in the male controls suggesting myelin sparing in the male PD subjects. No elevation was detected for astrocytosis-linked GD3. These neurochemical changes provide evidence of selective neuronal loss in SN of the males with PD without robust astrocytosis. In contrast to the SN lipid abnormalities found in the male PD subjects, no significant abnormalities were found in the female PD subjects for SN water content or for any major SN lipids. These data indicate sex-related differences in SN lipid abnormalities in PD.

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