scholarly journals Assessment of tongue weakness and fatigue

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Nancy Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Tongue Strength ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Dysarthric Speech ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Jaw Position

Assessment of nonspeech tongue function is common in speech-language pathology. This paper reviews techniques used to determine tongue strength and endurance, and describes a constant-effort task. These techniques are intended to reveal and quantify the presence of weakness or fatigue of the tongue. The consequences of performing these tasks with and without a bite block, used to fix jaw position, are considered. Whether nonspeech tongue impairment is associated with speech dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease is another topic of interest. Past studies indicated reduced tongue strength and endurance in Parkinson’s disease, but these measures did not correlate with speech measures. It was hypothesized that weakness and fatigue need to be impaired to a “critical” level before speech is perceptibly affected. To examine whether experimentally induced tongue fatigue affects speech, normal speakers performed prolonged strenuous tongue exercise. Speech deteriorated following these exercises. A new investigation examines whether 1 hour of speech-like tongue exercise (rapid syllable repetitions) affects dysarthric speech. Preliminary data from 6 participants with Parkinson’s disease, 1 person with bulbar ALS, and 6 neurologically normal control subjects indicate that sentences sound more precise but less natural after the exercises. Surprisingly, results did not differ significantly between the groups. Continued collection of data and refinement of tasks will contribute to our understanding of the potential relationships between weakness, fatigue, and speech.

Mechanisms for Successful Rehabilitation of Cough in Parkinson's Disease Using Expiratory Muscle Strength Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Alyssa Huff ◽  
Alyssa Brown ◽  
Barbara K. Smith ◽  
Teresa Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Expiratory Muscle ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Expiratory Muscle Strength Training ◽  
The Relationship

Rehabilitation of cough is now moving under the purview of speech-language pathology as our understanding of the relationship between disorders of cough and swallow increases. The purpose of this review is to provide a guide in understanding the mechanisms of weak or disordered cough in Parkinson's disease, and mechanisms for why expiratory muscle strength training is an effective therapy. Additionally, this review provides resources for performing clinical evaluations of maximum expiratory pressure and dosage information for expiratory muscle strength training.

scholarly journals The Effect of Jaw Position on Measures of Tongue Strength and Endurance

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Pearl Solomon ◽  
Benjamin Munson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Tongue Strength ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Discrete Function ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Jaw Position

Assessment of tongue strength and endurance is common in research and clinical contexts. It is unclear whether the results reveal discrete function by the tongue or combined abilities of the tongue and jaw. One way to isolate the movement of the tongue is to constrain the jaw kinematically by using a bite block. In this study, 10 neurologically normal young adults performed tongue strength and endurance tasks without a bite block ("jaw-free") and with bite blocks of various heights (2, 5, 10, and 15 mm for strength; 5 mm for endurance). Data signals included tongue pressure exerted on an air-filled bulb, surface electromyography (SEMG) from the superior tongue blade, and SEMG from 1 masseter. On average, tongue strength (pressure in kPa) was greatest with no bite block and generally decreased as bite blocks increased in height. Pairwise analyses revealed statistically significant differences for all but 3 comparisons (jaw-free to 2 mm, 2 to 5 mm, and 5 to 10 mm). After removing outlying data from 1 participant, tongue endurance at 50% of tongue strength was significantly greater without a bite block than with one. SEMG data did not differ significantly for the strength task across bite block conditions, but inspection of the individual data revealed a tendency for masseter activity to be lower when the jaw was unconstrained. These results suggest that maximal tongue strength and endurance are best assessed with an unconstrained mandible or with a very small bite block.

Effect of Rate Reduction and Increased Loudness on Acoustic Measures of Anticipatory Coarticulation in Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Tjaden ◽  
Gregory E. Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Slow Condition ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
First Moment

The present study compared patterns of anticipatory coarticulation for utterances produced in habitual, loud, and slow conditions by 17 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), 12 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 15 healthy controls. Coarticulation was inferred from vowel F2 frequencies and consonant first-moment coefficients. Rate-related changes in coarticulation differed depending on the particular phonetic events in an utterance. In some instances, the slow condition was associated with stronger anticipatory effects, but in other instances the slow condition was associated with weaker anticipatory effects, relative to other speaking conditions. In contrast, coarticulatory patterns for the loud and habitual conditions typically did not differ. Coarticulatory patterns also tended to be similar among speaker groups within each condition. Finally, when acoustic measures of coarticulation differed among speaking conditions, the direction and magnitude of the effect generally were similar for healthy controls, speakers with MS, and speakers with PD. These results are consistent with studies suggesting mostly preserved patterns of coarticulation for speakers with mild to moderate dysarthria, as well as research indicating only subtle coordination deficits for individuals with dysarthria. The finding that increased loudness had a negligible effect on coarticulation also appears to be at odds with the suggestion that increased loudness stimulates orofacial coordination for speakers with dysarthria, although studies including speakers exhibiting coordination impairments at habitual speaking rates would provide a stronger test of this suggestion. Lastly, the fact that speaking condition similarly affected acoustic measures of anticipatory coarticulation for all speaker groups suggests the feasibility of applying theories and models of speech production for neurologically normal talkers to the study of dysarthria.

scholarly journals Repeated tongue and hand strength measurements in normal adults and individuals with Parkinson's Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Carol O'Day ◽  
◽  
Elaine Frank ◽  
Allen Montgomery ◽  
Michele Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Hand Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Tongue Strength ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Normal Adults

Changes in tongue and hand strength measurements of men with Parkinson’s Disease and aged-matched controls across multiple days were examined. The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument measured tongue and hand strength during four consecutive days and at day 11. Peak tongue strength measurements occurred on day 3 with a small decrease on day 4, which was maintained at day 11, indicating a significant increase in tongue strength measurements with task repetition in multiple days. No change in hand strength measurements was noted over days. Significant differences in mean tongue and hand strength measurements between the PD and age-matched control group were found. Tongue and hand strength measurements were lower for the PD group compared with the control group on average across days.

scholarly journals Two Types of Spheroid Bodies in the Nigral Neurons in Parkinson's Disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Yamada ◽  
Haruhiko Akiyama ◽  
Patrick L. McGeer
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Striatonigral Degeneration ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Dystrophic Dendrites

ABSTRACT:Dendritic spheroid bodies (SBs) and Lewy bodies (LBs) were identified in comparable numbers in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SBC) of nine parkinsonian cases and one case of striatonigral degeneration but were not found irt cases of Huntington's disease or neurologically normal controls. The immunohistochemical profile of the SBs in dystrophic dendrites of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons was remarkably similar to that of the LBs found within dendrites or free of the SNC neuropil. Both types of inclusions stained positively with antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase, ubiquitin and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), and negatively for Tau-2, although they had different ultrastructural appearances. A few intracellular LBs were stained by antibodies to neurofilament proteins (NFs) 68, 160, and 200 kD, but dendritic SBs and extracellular LBs were not so stained. These data indicate that dendritic SBs and extracellular LBs may have a common molecular pathogenetic origin in Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, the SBs seen in the pars reticulata (SNR) and in the distal nigrostriatal axons even in control cases were generally stained by antibodies to NFs and ubiquitin but not to MAP2. This latter staining pattern in similar to that shown by SBs in the anterior horn in ALS and in the cerebellum of neurologically normal brains and is believed typical of axonal as opposed to dendritic SBs.

Comprehensive analysis ofLRRK2in publicly available Parkinson's disease cases and neurologically normal controls

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coro Paisán-Ruíz ◽  
Priti Nath ◽  
Nicole Washecka ◽  
J. Raphael Gibbs ◽  
Andrew B. Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Normal Controls

scholarly journals Telerehabilitation for Communication and Swallowing Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Deborah Theodoros
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Swallowing Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Language Pathology

Communication and swallowing disorders are highly prevalent in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The negative impact of these disorders on the quality of life of the person with PD and their families cannot be underestimated. Despite a demand for speech-language pathology services to support people with PD, many barriers to services exist. Telerehabilitation provides an alternate and complementary approach to in-person therapy that is patient-centered, enables timely assessment and intervention, and facilitates continuity of care throughout the course of the disease. This review explores the telerehabilitation applications designed for the management of the communication and swallowing disorders in PD, addresses the benefits and challenges of telerehabilitation, identifies future research directions, and highlights the potential of new technologies to enhance the management of communication and swallowing disorders and quality of life for people with PD.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Abnormalities in Substantia Nigra Lipids in Parkinson’s Disease

ASN NEURO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 175909141878188 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Seyfried ◽  
H. Choi ◽  
A. Chevalier ◽  
D. Hogan ◽  
Z. Akgoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Sialic Acid Content ◽  
Neurochemical Changes ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder involving the selective loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Differences in disease presentation, prevalence, and age of onset have been reported between males and females with PD. The content and composition of the major glycosphingolipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol were evaluated in the SN from 12 PD subjects and in 18 age-matched, neurologically normal controls. Total SN ganglioside sialic acid content and water content (%) were significantly lower in the male PD subjects than in the male controls. The content of all major gangliosides were reduced in the male PD subjects to some degree, but the neuronal-enriched gangliosides, GD1a and GT1b, were most significantly reduced. The distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol was also significantly lower in the male PD subjects than in the male controls. However, the distribution of myelin-enriched cerebrosides and sulfatides was significantly higher in the male PD subjects than in the male controls suggesting myelin sparing in the male PD subjects. No elevation was detected for astrocytosis-linked GD3. These neurochemical changes provide evidence of selective neuronal loss in SN of the males with PD without robust astrocytosis. In contrast to the SN lipid abnormalities found in the male PD subjects, no significant abnormalities were found in the female PD subjects for SN water content or for any major SN lipids. These data indicate sex-related differences in SN lipid abnormalities in PD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document