Adaptation of Genotype 3 Hepatitis E Virus in Eastern China and Inverse Correlation with Genotype 4 Hepatitis E Virus

Intervirology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fusheng Si ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Yumin Zhu ◽  
Shijuan Dong ◽  
Ruisong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Genotype 4

scholarly journals Molecular tracing of Japan-indigenous hepatitis E viruses

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhito Tanaka ◽  
Kazuaki Takahashi ◽  
Etsuro Orito ◽  
Yoshiyasu Karino ◽  
Jong-Hon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Evolutionary Growth ◽  
Rna Polymerase Gene

The ancestor(s) of apparently Japan-indigenous strains of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was probably of foreign origin, but it remains unclear when and from where it made inroads. In this study, 24 genotype 3 and 24 genotype 4 HEV strains recovered in Japan each showed a significant cluster, clearly distinct from those of foreign strains, in the phylogenetic tree constructed from an 821 nt RNA polymerase gene fragment. The evolutionary rate, approximately 0·8×10−3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year, enabled tracing of the demographic history of HEV and suggested that the ancestors of Japan-indigenous HEV had made inroads around 1900, when several kinds of Yorkshire pig were imported from the UK to Japan. Interestingly, the evolutionary growth of genotype 3 in Japan has been slow since the 1920s, whereas genotype 4 has spread rapidly since the 1980s. In conclusion, these data suggest that the indigenization and spread of HEV in Japan were associated with the popularization of eating pork.

scholarly journals Full genome analysis of swine genotype 3 hepatitis E virus isolated from eastern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-bing Shuai ◽  
Lu-huan Li ◽  
Ai-yun Li ◽  
Yong-qiang He ◽  
Xiao-feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Full Genome Analysis

scholarly journals Genotype 4 Hepatitis E Virus Prevalent in Eastern China Shows Diverse Subtypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Tian ◽  
Xingli Fu ◽  
Wang Li ◽  
Yuan Huang ◽  
Jiayao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 4

Hepatitis E virus genotype 4 in a pig farm, Italy, 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. MONNE ◽  
L. CEGLIE ◽  
G. DI MARTINO ◽  
A. NATALE ◽  
S. ZAMPROGNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Swine Population ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYZoonotic strains of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Europe have been reported to belong to genotypes 3 and 4. In 2012 and 2013, 57 pig farms in Northern Italy that had previously resulted seropositive for HEV were surveyed for the presence of the virus, with positive samples subsequently genotyped. Hepatitis E RNA was identified in 17/57 (29·8%) seropositive farms. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that distinct subtypes of genotype 3 were circulating in the north-east of Italy; as well, for the first time in the Italian swine population, genotype 4 was identified and attributed to subtype d.

scholarly journals Analyses of Clinical and Biological Data for French and Belgian Immunocompetent Patients Infected With Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 4 and 3

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Micas ◽  
Vanessa Suin ◽  
Jean-Marie Péron ◽  
Caroline Scholtes ◽  
Edouard Tuaillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Dark Urine ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 are the major causes of acute hepatitis in industrialized countries. Genotype 3 is mainly found in Europe and America, while genotype 4 is predominant in Asia. Several Japanese studies have suggested that genotype 4 is more virulent than genotype 3. We investigated this aspect by analyzing the clinical and biological data for 27 French and Belgian immunocompetent patients infected with HEV genotype 4. Their infections were probably acquired locally, since none of these patients reported traveling outside France or Belgium during the 2–8 weeks before symptoms onset. Each patient was matched for age (±5 years) and gender with two patients infected with HEV genotype 3. Bivariate analysis indicated that the HEV genotype 4-infected patients had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (2067 IU/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (1581 IU/L) activities and total bilirubin concentrations (92.4 μmol/L) than did those infected with HEV genotype 3 (1566 IU/L, p = 0.016; 657 IU/L, p = 0.003 and 47 μmol/L, p = 0.046) at diagnosis. In contrast, more patients infected with HEV genotype 3 reported dark urine (71% vs. 39%, p = 0.02) and experienced asthenia (89% vs. 58%, p < 0.01) than did those infected with HEV genotype 4. Two HEV genotype 4-infected patients died of multi-organ failure, while none of the genotype 3-infected patients died (p = 0.035). Finally, stepwise regression analysis retained only a greater increase in ALT (odds-ratio: 1.0005, 95% confidence interval: 1.00012–1.00084) and less frequent fever (odds-ratio = 0.1244; 95% confidence interval: 0.01887–0.82020) for patients infected with HEV genotype 4. We conclude that HEV-4 infections are likely to be associated with higher ALT activity than HEV-3 infections. Additional immunological and virological studies are required to confirm these findings and better understand the influence, if any, of genotype on HEV pathophysiology.

Full-Length Sequences of Two Hepatitis E Virus Isolates Representing an Eastern China-Indigenous Subgroup of Genotype 4

Intervirology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Koike ◽  
Kazuaki Takahashi ◽  
Shunji Mishiro ◽  
Atsushi Matsui ◽  
Mie Inao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Virus Isolates

scholarly journals Epidemiology and genotype 3 subtype dynamics of hepatitis E virus in Belgium, 2010 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Suin ◽  
Sofieke E Klamer ◽  
Veronik Hutse ◽  
Magali Wautier ◽  
Marjorie Jacques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Surveillance Report ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging public health concern in high-income countries and can cause acute and chronic hepatitis. Reported numbers of indigenously acquired HEV infection have increased in the past decade in many European countries. Since 2010, the National Reference Centre (NRC) for Hepatitis Viruses has been testing samples of suspected hepatitis E cases in Belgium. Aim In this surveillance report, we present the epidemiological trends of symptomatic HEV infections in Belgium, from the distribution by age, sex and geography to the molecular characterisation of the viral strains. Method Serum samples of suspected cases sent to the NRC between 2010 and 2017 were analysed for the presence of HEV-specific IgM and RNA. Virus was sequenced for genotyping and phylogenetic analysis in all samples containing sufficient viral RNA. Results The NRC reported an increase in the number of samples from suspected cases (from 309 to 2,663 per year) and in the number of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis E cases (from 25 to 117 per year). Among 217 sequenced samples, 92.6% were genotype 3 (HEV-3), followed by 6.5% of genotype 1 and 0.9% of genotype 4. HEV-3 subtype viruses were mainly 3f, 3c and 3e. HEV-3f was the most common subtype until 2015, while HEV-3c became the most common subtype in 2016 and 2017. Conclusion The increasing trend of HEV diagnoses in Belgium may be largely explained by increased awareness and testing.

scholarly journals Characterization of Three Novel Linear Neutralizing B-Cell Epitopes in the Capsid Protein of Swine Hepatitis E Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (13) ◽  
pp. e00251-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyang Chen ◽  
Baoyuan Liu ◽  
Yani Sun ◽  
Huixia Li ◽  
Taofeng Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
B Cell Epitopes

ABSTRACTHepatitis E virus (HEV) causes liver disease in humans and is thought to be a zoonotic infection, with domestic animals, including swine and rabbits, being a reservoir. One of the proteins encoded by the virus is the capsid protein. This is likely the major immune-dominant protein and a target for vaccination. Four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), three novel, 1E4, 2C7, and 2G9, and one previously characterized, 1B5, were evaluated for binding to the capsid protein from genotype 4 swine HEV. The results indicated that625DFCP628,458PSRPF462, and407EPTV410peptides on the capsid protein comprised minimal amino acid sequence motifs recognized by 1E4, 2C7, and 2G9, respectively. The data suggested that 2C7 and 2G9 epitopes were partially exposed on the surface of the capsid protein. Truncated genotype 4 swine HEV capsid protein (sp239, amino acids 368 to 606) can exist in multimeric forms. Preincubation of swine HEV with 2C7, 2G9, or 1B5 before addition to HepG2 cells partially blocked sp239 cell binding and inhibited swine HEV infection. The study indicated that 2C7, 2G9, and 1B5 partially blocked swine HEV infection of rabbits better than 1E4 or normal mouse IgG. The cross-reactivity of antibodies suggested that capsid epitopes recognized by 2C7 and 2G9 are common to HEV strains infecting most host species. Collectively, MAbs 2C7, 2G9, and 1B5 were shown to recognize three novel linear neutralizing B-cell epitopes of genotype 4 HEV capsid protein. These results enhance understanding of HEV capsid protein structure to guide vaccine and antiviral design.IMPORTANCEGenotype 3 and 4 HEVs are zoonotic viruses. Here, genotype 4 HEV was studied due to its prevalence in human populations and pig herds in China. To improve HEV disease diagnosis and prevention, a better understanding of the antigenic structure and neutralizing epitopes of HEV capsid protein are needed. In this study, the locations of three novel linear B-cell recognition epitopes within genotype 4 swine HEV capsid protein were characterized. Moreover, the neutralizing abilities of three MAbs specific for this protein, 2C7, 2G9, and 1B5, were studiedin vitroandin vivo. Collectively, these findings reveal structural details of genotype 4 HEV capsid protein and should facilitate development of applications for the design of vaccines and antiviral drugs for broader prevention, detection, and treatment of HEV infection of diverse human and animal hosts.

scholarly journals Cross-species infection of hepatitis E virus in a zoo-like location, including birds

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
pp. 1020-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. ZHANG ◽  
Q. SHEN ◽  
J. MOU ◽  
Z. B. YANG ◽  
C. L. YUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Positive Sequence ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Animal Handlers

SUMMARYHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen of which several species of animals are considered to be reservoirs. Thirty-eight faecal samples, obtained from 22 species of animals including birds in a wildlife first-aid centre in Eastern China, were tested for HEV RNA. Our survey revealed that in total 28·9% (95% confidence interval 14·5–43·4) of the faecal samples from various mammals and birds were HEV RNA positive. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the 11 isolates demonstrated that all sequences clustered in genotype 4 with 96–100% identity to each other. In addition, serum samples from seven animal handlers have shown that five (71·4%) were seropositive. The findings imply that cross-species infection of HEV had probably occurred in this zoo-like location, and moreover, birds can be infected naturally with mammalian HEV.

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