scholarly journals Epilepsy in Punjab (India): A Population-Based Epidemiologic Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbag S. Hara ◽  
Ajay Gupta ◽  
Mukhtiar Singh ◽  
Rajnish Raj ◽  
Harminder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽  
Active Epilepsy

Aims: To assess the prevalence of epilepsy in a rural area adjoining a city. Methods: A door-to-door, cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out covering an entire rural population of 103,693 people. Results: Crude period and point prevalence rates for active epilepsy were 7.67 and 7.44 per 1,000 respectively. Crude incidence rate was 60.76 per 100,000 during the year 2007. Mean, SD, median and variance were 17.2, 16, 13 and 257.6 years respectively for age at onset of active epilepsy patients. The overall prevalence patterns among males and females were not significantly different. Active epilepsy cases (n = 795) included electro-clinical syndromes and constellations (n = 117, 14.7%), symptomatic epilepsy (n = 153, 19.2%), epilepsy due to unknown cause (n = 513, 64.5%) and dual diagnosis (n = 12, 1.5%). Conclusions: The present study showed that the prevalence rate, in the rural area adjoining a city, was comparable to that of the urban area and significantly less than that of the remote rural area as described by another study. Age- and sex-specific prevalence and incidence rates were similar to the rates reported by other studies. The reason for a lower number of symptomatic cases to be reported, per this study, may be due to lack of neuroimaging.

Adult systemic lupus erythematosus in Egypt: The nation-wide spectrum of 3661 patients and world-wide standpoint

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 096120332110142
Author(s):  
Tamer A Gheita ◽  
Rasha Abdel Noor ◽  
Esam Abualfadl ◽  
Osama S Abousehly ◽  
Iman I El-Gazzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective The aim of this study was to present the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and treatment pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Egyptian patients over the country and compare the findings to large cohorts worldwide. Objectives were extended to focus on the age at onset and gender driven influence on the disease characteristics. Patients and method This population-based, multicenter, cross-sectional study included 3661 adult SLE patients from Egyptian rheumatology departments across the nation. Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data were assessed for all patients. Results The study included 3661 patients; 3296 females and 365 males (9.03:1) and the median age was 30 years (17–79 years), disease duration 4 years (0–75 years) while the median age at disease onset was 25 years (4–75 years). The overall estimated prevalence of adult SLE in Egypt was 6.1/100,000 population (1.2/100,000 males and 11.3/100,000 females).There were 316 (8.6%) juvenile-onset (Jo-SLE) and 3345 adult-onset (Ao-SLE). Age at onset was highest in South and lowest in Cairo (p < 0.0001). Conclusion SLE in Egypt had a wide variety of clinical and immunological manifestations, with some similarities with that in other nations and differences within the same country. The clinical characteristics, autoantibodies and comorbidities are comparable between Ao-SLE and Jo-SLE. The frequency of various clinical and immunological manifestations varied between gender. Additional studies are needed to determine the underlying factors contributing to gender and age of onset differences.

scholarly journals Prevalence of injury and its associated factors in a rural area of eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V K Khanal ◽  
R Upreti ◽  
U Oli ◽  
A K Sunny ◽  
A Ghimire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Injury Pattern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Public Health Threat

Injury is a serious public health threat as it is one of the leading cause of death globally. This study aims to assess the prevalence of injury, pattern of injury and its associated factors among people residing in a rural area of Aurabani VDC of Eastern Nepal. A population based cross sectional study was carried out among 552 people residing in selected wards with door to door visit. The prevalence of minor injury was 3.1% and major was 0.4% per year in the study.Most common mode of injury was fall and most common type was incised wound. Injuries mostly occurred in extremities, in morning time, autumn season and in roads while most of the injuries were accidental in nature. 

scholarly journals Incidence of outbreak-associated COVID-19 cases by industry in Ontario, Canada, April 1, 2020- March 31, 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Buchan ◽  
Peter M Smith ◽  
Christine Warren ◽  
Michelle Murti ◽  
Cameron Mustard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
American Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Statistics Canada

Objectives The objective of our study was to estimate the rate of workplace outbreak-associated cases of COVID-19 by industry in labour market participants aged 15-69 years who reported working the majority of hours outside the home in Ontario, Canada. Methods We conducted a population based cross-sectional study of COVID-19 workplace outbreaks and associated-cases reported in Ontario between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. All outbreaks were manually classified into two digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. We obtained denominator data from the Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey in order to estimate the incidence of outbreak-associated cases per 100,000,000 hours amongst individuals who reported the majority of hours were worked outside the home. We performed this analysis across industries and in three distinct time periods. Results Overall, 12% of cases were attributed to workplace outbreaks among working age adults across our study period. While incidence varied across the time periods, the five industries with the highest incidence rates across our study period were agriculture; healthcare and social assistance; food manufacturing; educational services; and, transportation and warehousing. Conclusions Certain industries have consistently increased incidence of COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic. These results may assist in ongoing efforts to reduce transmission of COVID-19, by prioritizing resources, as well as industry-specific guidance, vaccination, and public health messaging.

scholarly journals Stroke prevalence among the Turkish population in a rural area of Istanbul: A community-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211879756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülkü Türk Börü ◽  
Ahmet Şükrü Kulualp ◽  
Ömer Faruk Tarhan ◽  
Cem Bölük ◽  
Arda Duman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Stroke Prevalence ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Background: The population-based information on the prevalence of stroke from rural areas of Middle East countries including Turkey is unknown. Our aim is to evaluate the prevalence of stroke in those ⩾18 years in the Turkish population in a rural area of Istanbul. Methods: A cross-sectional door-to-door study was conducted in a rural area of Istanbul between 1 March and 30 March 2013. A research protocol recommended by World Health Organization for developing countries was used. Each screening teams consisted of one neurologist, one local nurse, and five surveyors. Teams were trained about the survey and questionnaire. The patients, who claimed to have suffered a stroke, were examined, and the diagnosis was confirmed by a neurologist on site. The findings and medical records were documented. Results: In total, 2906 people ⩾18 years were screened. 50 stroke cases were detected. 80% of those were found to have had an ischemic stroke, 14% of those were hemorrhagic cases, and 6% of those had an unclassified stroke type. The overall prevalence rate in those ⩾ 18 years was 1.7%. The male/female ratio was 0.92. Young (<45) stroke prevalence was found to be 0.6%. Conclusion: This study was the first of its kind to show the stroke prevalence among Turkish population ⩾ 18 years in a rural area of Istanbul. When compared to other studies which investigate people ⩾45 years from Turkey, the result (in the same age group) was moderate high. The male/female ratio was low compared to many other studies.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Childhood Hyperthyroidism in France: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2980-2987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Simon ◽  
Annabel Rigou ◽  
Joëlle Le Moal ◽  
Abdelkrim Zeghnoun ◽  
Alain Le Tertre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Hyperthyroidism affects all age groups, but epidemiological data for children are scarce. Objective To perform a nationwide epidemiological survey of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents. Design A cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting Identification of entries corresponding to reimbursements for antithyroid drugs in the French national insurance database. Participants All cases of childhood hyperthyroidism (6 months to 17 years of age) in 2015. Main Outcome Measures National incidence rate estimated with a nonlinear Poisson model and spatial distribution of cases. Results A total of 670 cases of childhood hyperthyroidism were identified. Twenty patients (3%) had associated autoimmune or genetic disease, with type 1 diabetes and Down syndrome the most frequent. The annual incidence for 2015 was 4.58/100,000 person-years (95% CI 3.00 to 6.99/100,000). Incidence increased with age, in both sexes. This increase accelerated after the age of 8 in girls and 10 in boys and was stronger in girls. About 10% of patients were affected before the age of 5 years (sex ratio 1.43). There was an interaction between age and sex, the effect of being female increasing with age: girls were 3.2 times more likely to be affected than boys in the 10 to 14 years age group and 5.7 times more likely to be affected in the 15 to 17 years age group. No conclusions about spatial pattern emerged. Conclusion These findings shed light on the incidence of hyperthyroidism and the impact of sex on this incidence during childhood and adolescence. The observed incidence was higher than expected from the results published for earlier studies in Northern European countries.

scholarly journals Assessment of quality of life of stroke survivors in a rural area of North Kerala, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Chandran ◽  
Dhanya Shenoy ◽  
Jayakrishnan Thavody ◽  
Lilabi M. P.
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Role Limitation

Background: With increase in prevalence of stroke and life expectancy the quality of life of stroke survivors assumes importance. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular accidents the survivors continue to experience low Quality of life (QoL) especially in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life among stroke survivors and the prevalence of depression among them.  Methods: Cross-sectional population based study was conducted in a rural area of North Kerala. Stoke survivors were interviewed at home to assess the quality of life and depression status. QOL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), functional status using the modified barthel index (MBI), and mood using the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI).Results: A total of 40 patients (65.5% men, mean age 70.58±10.7 years) were interviewed.  The mean MBI was 55.25±2.79, and the prevalence of unrecognized depression was 90%. 95 percent of patients needed varying degrees of care for their activities of daily living. The SF-36 scores of the patients were considerably lower than that to that of the general population especially in the areas of role limitation and physical functioning. Depression was more among older subjects and Depressed patients had lower MBI scoresConclusions: A significant proportion of stroke survivors continue to face limitations in their physical activities. In addition, majority have unrecognised depression that affects their QOL adversely.

scholarly journals Incidence of outbreak-associated COVID-19 cases by industry in Ontario, Canada, 1 April 2020–31 March 2021

2022 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107879
Author(s):  
Sarah A Buchan ◽  
Peter M Smith ◽  
Christine Warren ◽  
Michelle Murti ◽  
Cameron Mustard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
American Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Statistics Canada

ObjectivesThe objective of our study was to estimate the rate of workplace outbreak-associated cases of COVID-19 by industry in labour market participants aged 15–69 years who reported working the majority of hours outside the home in Ontario, Canada.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of COVID-19 workplace outbreaks and associated cases reported in Ontario between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2021. All outbreaks were manually classified into two-digit North American Industry Classification System codes. We obtained monthly denominator estimates from the Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey to estimate the incidence of outbreak-associated cases per 100 000 000 hours among individuals who reported the majority of hours were worked outside the home. We performed this analysis across industries and in three distinct time periods.ResultsOverall, 12% of cases were attributed to workplace outbreaks among working-age adults across our study period. While incidence varied across the time periods, the five industries with the highest incidence rates across our study period were agriculture, healthcare and social assistance, food manufacturing, educational services, and transportation and warehousing.ConclusionsCertain industries have consistently increased the incidence of COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic. These results may assist in ongoing efforts to reduce transmission of COVID-19 by prioritising resources, as well as industry-specific guidance, vaccination and public health messaging.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in socially vulnerable quilombola populations in Salvaterra, Pará, Eastern Amazon, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1066-1073
Author(s):  
Nelson Veiga Gonçalves ◽  
João Simão De Melo Neto ◽  
Selma Kazumi da Trindade Noguchi ◽  
Andrey Silva Machado ◽  
Alcindo Da Silva Martins Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Disease Notification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: COVID-19 is a severe respiratory syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In Brazil the highest infection rates are associated with socially vulnerable populations. This study therefore sought to analyze the spatial distribution of the disease and its relation with geographic, socioeconomic and public health policy characteristics associated with quilombola communities in Salvaterra municipality, state of Pará, for the period of March to September, 2020. Methodology: This cross-sectional and ecological study used data from the Disease Notification System and the National Registry of Health Establishments of the Ministry of Health, the Income Transfer Registry of the Ministry of Citizenship and the 2010 census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Statistical and spatial analysis of the data was done through percentages of cases and Flow and Kernel map techniques. Results: Seventy-five notified cases of COVID-19 distributed among 7 quilombola communities in the municipality were analyzed. The epidemiological profile followed a national trend, with a higher percentage of cases among persons who were female, adults with low schooling levels, working as family farmers and with an outcome ending in recovery. The spatial distribution of the disease was not homogenous and showed clusters of cases and high incidence rates, especially in communities close to the municipal seat or to highways. Conclusions: The use of data analysis techniques was satisfactory for providing an understanding of the socioeconomic production of the disease in the areas studied. Accordingly, the need for intensifying epidemiological survey actions in the quilombola communities of the municipality is emphasized.

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