scholarly journals Incidence of outbreak-associated COVID-19 cases by industry in Ontario, Canada, 1 April 2020–31 March 2021

2022 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107879
Author(s):  
Sarah A Buchan ◽  
Peter M Smith ◽  
Christine Warren ◽  
Michelle Murti ◽  
Cameron Mustard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
American Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Statistics Canada

ObjectivesThe objective of our study was to estimate the rate of workplace outbreak-associated cases of COVID-19 by industry in labour market participants aged 15–69 years who reported working the majority of hours outside the home in Ontario, Canada.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of COVID-19 workplace outbreaks and associated cases reported in Ontario between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2021. All outbreaks were manually classified into two-digit North American Industry Classification System codes. We obtained monthly denominator estimates from the Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey to estimate the incidence of outbreak-associated cases per 100 000 000 hours among individuals who reported the majority of hours were worked outside the home. We performed this analysis across industries and in three distinct time periods.ResultsOverall, 12% of cases were attributed to workplace outbreaks among working-age adults across our study period. While incidence varied across the time periods, the five industries with the highest incidence rates across our study period were agriculture, healthcare and social assistance, food manufacturing, educational services, and transportation and warehousing.ConclusionsCertain industries have consistently increased the incidence of COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic. These results may assist in ongoing efforts to reduce transmission of COVID-19 by prioritising resources, as well as industry-specific guidance, vaccination and public health messaging.

scholarly journals Incidence of outbreak-associated COVID-19 cases by industry in Ontario, Canada, April 1, 2020- March 31, 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Buchan ◽  
Peter M Smith ◽  
Christine Warren ◽  
Michelle Murti ◽  
Cameron Mustard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
American Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Statistics Canada

Objectives The objective of our study was to estimate the rate of workplace outbreak-associated cases of COVID-19 by industry in labour market participants aged 15-69 years who reported working the majority of hours outside the home in Ontario, Canada. Methods We conducted a population based cross-sectional study of COVID-19 workplace outbreaks and associated-cases reported in Ontario between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. All outbreaks were manually classified into two digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. We obtained denominator data from the Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey in order to estimate the incidence of outbreak-associated cases per 100,000,000 hours amongst individuals who reported the majority of hours were worked outside the home. We performed this analysis across industries and in three distinct time periods. Results Overall, 12% of cases were attributed to workplace outbreaks among working age adults across our study period. While incidence varied across the time periods, the five industries with the highest incidence rates across our study period were agriculture; healthcare and social assistance; food manufacturing; educational services; and, transportation and warehousing. Conclusions Certain industries have consistently increased incidence of COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic. These results may assist in ongoing efforts to reduce transmission of COVID-19, by prioritizing resources, as well as industry-specific guidance, vaccination, and public health messaging.

The burden of hypertension and unmet need for hypertension care among men aged 15–54 years: a population-based cross-sectional study in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Ajinkya Kothavale ◽  
Parul Puri ◽  
Suryakant Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Hypertension is one of the primary causes of morbidity and premature mortality among the working-age population in India. This study evaluated the burden of hypertension and unmet need for hypertension care among working-age men aged 15–54 years in India using data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015–16). An individual was recognized as hypertensive if his blood pressure was over 140/90 mmHg or if he was consuming anti-hypertensive medication to lower his blood pressue. The study design was based on the Rule of Halves framework. Hypertensive cases were segmented into five analytical levels: (1) total, (2) screened, (3) diagnosed, (4) treated and (5) controlled cases. The prevalence of hypertension was 16% (n=16,254) among the men aged 15–54 years. Of the total hypertensive individuals, 63.2% (10,314) were screened, 21.5% (3428) were diagnosed, 12.6% (1862) were treated and only 6.1% (905) had controlled blood pressure. Of the screened individuals, 66.8% (6886) had never been diagnosed, 45.7% (1566) of those diagnosed had not receive treatment and 51.4% (957) of those treated still had uncontrolled blood pressure. The analyses revealed that 36.5% (5940) of hypertensive individuals were lost at the screening stage. The results demonstrate that there is a significant burden of hypertension and unmet need for hypertension care among men aged 15–54 in India. There is an urgent need to develop suitable strategies and programmes to manage this rising burden of hypertension among men, and reduce losses in the hypertension care continuum.

Minerals Intake Distributions in a Large Sample of Iranian at-Risk Population Using the National Cancer Institute Method: Do They Meet Their Requirements?

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of disabilities and non-communicable diseases in an elderly population in the Telangana state, India: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041755
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Satya Brahmanandam Modepalli ◽  
Thirupathi Reddy Kumbham ◽  
Rajesh Challa ◽  
Jill E Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of disabilities (vision, hearing, mobility, cognitive, self-care and communication) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the elderly population in two districts in Telangana, India.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a cluster random sampling method to select the study clusters.SettingElderly population in Khammam and Warangal districts were recruited. Detailed interviews were conducted by trained community health workers. Personal and demographic information such as age, gender, level of education and a self-report of NCDs was collected. The Washington Disability Questionnaire was administered to assess the presence of disabilities.Participants1821 participants aged ≥60 years, 54.5% were women, and 73.3% had no education.Primary outcome measurePrevalence of disabilities and NCDs.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of at least disability was 20.3% (95% CI 16.3 to 24.9). The prevalence of self- reported disabilities were: seeing (5.9%; 95% CI 4.4 to 7.8), mobility (12.8%; 95% CI 9.7 to 16.8), hearing (3.6%; 95% CI 2.7 to 4.8), cognition (4.8%; 95% CI 3.5 to 6.7), self-care (3.3%; 95% CI 2.3 to 4.7) and communication (1.8%; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). Overall, the prevalence of at least one NCD was 34.2% (95% CI 30.9 to 37.7). Hypertension was the most common systemic condition (25.4%; 95% CI 22.4 to 28.7), followed by diabetes (9.0%; 95% CI 7.3 to 11.0), and body pains (muscle-skeletal) (9.9%; 95% CI 8.1 to 12.2).ConclusionEvery fifth elderly person in the districts of Khammam and Warangal in Telangana had at least one self-reported disability. Besides, a third of the elderly had at least one NCD. There is a definite need to develop comprehensive public health strategies to address disabilities and NCDs in Telangana.

To Study the Clinical Profile and Management of Cellulitis of Lower Limb in Northern India

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462098667
Author(s):  
Tripta S. Bhagat ◽  
Luv Kumar ◽  
Prakhar Garg ◽  
Apoorv Goel ◽  
Amit Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Working Age

Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues occupying a large proportion of hospital beds. This study was conducted for analysis of patients with cellulitis according to their demographics and clinical presentation and to examine their comorbidities, complications, and its management. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Surgery at Santosh Medical College and Hospitals involving a total of 60 cases having cellulitis and other soft tissue infections of lower limb. Analysis of their demographic profile, management, and complications was done. Cellulitis is seen commonly in males, 46 (76.6%). The mean age of patients affected by cellulitis in the study was 36.4 ± 1.23 years. The most common site affected is leg involving more people in field jobs. The most common risk factor was trauma in 46.6%, and other factors were diabetes mellitus and smoking, while abscess formation was the most common complication observed in 36.6% of cases. A total of 56.6% cases were managed conservatively, while 43.3% cases required surgical intervention. Mean hospital stay in this study was 5.02 ± 0.23 days. It was concluded that cellulitis is subcutaneous, spreading bacterial infection is more common in males, and its incidence is highest in working age group population. Lower limb is commonly involved. Trauma, smoking, and diabetes are significant risk factors for development of cellulitis. Abscess is the most common complication. About 50% patients with cellulitis can be managed conservatively and the rest require surgical intervention.

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