How Should we Handle the Ethical Questions Regarding Information to Donors and Patients and the Practical Implications Regarding Deferral of Donors and Handling of Donated Blood in the Event of Introducing a Screening Test for HTLV-III as in Order to Prevent Transmission of AIDS by Blood Transfusion?

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
J.R. Bove ◽  
R.Y. Dodd ◽  
W.V. Miller ◽  
S.G. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
Practical Implications

Acute Isovolaemic Haemodilution: The Best Option for Autologous Blood Transfusion in Africa?

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacharia A Berege ◽  
Bart Jacobs ◽  
Michael R Matasha ◽  
Frank Mpelumbe ◽  
Ernestini Kimaro
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Autologous Blood Transfusion ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
East African ◽  
Homologous Blood ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia ◽  
Donated Blood

The purpose of this study was to identify the best method of autologous blood transfusion to be applied in an East African hospital. One hundred and nine consecutive patients for whom major blood loss was anticipated were enrolled. Seventeen patients donated 1 unit of blood 3 days preoperatively and 92 underwent acute isovolaemic haemodilution prior to induction of anaesthesia. For the haemodiluted patients a 2:1 ratio of sterile pryogen-free saline to collected blood was used. One of the 16 patients from whom 2 units were withdrawn by haemodilution experienced hypovolaemia which was rapidly restored by additional transfusion of colloid. Of the patients who donated blood preoperatively only 23.5% were autotransfused compared to 98.9% of the haemodiluted patients. Of the latter 23.9% (22) had an intraoperative blood loss exceeding 15% of their total blood volume and 7.6% (7) lost more than 25%. Only one received homologous blood in addition. For hospitals with limited blood bank facilities and regular cancellation of surgery, the use of acute isovolaemic haemodilution is recommended. A 3:1 ratio of saline to blood is now advised when 1 unit is withdrawn and a part replacement with crystalloid when 2 units are collected.

Treatment of Severe Anaemia in Children in a Rural Hospital

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Dorward ◽  
J K Knowles ◽  
I M Dorward
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Rural Hospital ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Donated Blood

In a rural hospital in Malawi a protocol was developed for the treatment of severely anaemic children to improve the chances of survival of children with haemoglobin levels of 5 g/dl or less (referred to here as severe anaemia), and also to reduce the risks of transmission of human immunodeficiencyvirus (HIV) by blood transfusion in a unit where the routine screening of donated blood for HIV positivity is not available. Comparison of the results of applying the protocol (using digoxin, frusemide and selective delayed transfusion) with the results of using a widely accepted regimen of routine transfusion of all children with haemoglobin (Hb) of 5 g/dl or less suggests that stabilization of a severely anaemic child's cardiac state before transfusion improves the chances of survival. Many children with very low haemoglobin values do not then require transfusion, thus avoiding the dangers of transfusing blood that is potentially HIV positive. Those who do need transfusion withstand the procedure better.

scholarly journals HEPATITIS C VIRUS

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 604-607
Author(s):  
S. M. ABBAS NAQVI ◽  
Muhammad Shiraz Khan ◽  
QURBAN ALI KHASKHELI ◽  
Muhammad Saeed Talpur ◽  
SHAHID HABIB ANSARI
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
The People ◽  
Donated Blood

`To find out the prevalence of antibody to HCV in serum of blood donorpopulation in our Community (Karachi). To estimate level of serum ALT in blood donors as possible marker of liverinfectivity and hence increasing awareness among the people about the prevention and spread of HCV in Communityand to give suggestions in the formulation of blood transfusion policies. Setting: At Microbiology Department, BasicMedical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi. Period: From September 2001 to January2002. Material and Methods: 150 subjects, consisting of volunteer blood donors and 50 subjects selected from healthypopulation who had never received or donated blood. Results: Among 150 blood donors, 07 subjects (4.66%) werefound to be anti HCV positive. Mean age of anti HCV positive donors was 32.85±7.35 years with male predominance.Conclusion: It is concluded that HCV is notorious for its infectivity, chronocity and complications. Hence HCV spreadshould be controlled by screening blood donors for anti HCV antibodies and observing Universal rules in medicalpractice.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections among Voluntary and Replacement Blood Donors at the Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noore Saba ◽  
Jamal Abdul Nasir ◽  
Usman Waheed ◽  
Sidra Aslam ◽  
Iqbal Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Donated Blood

Abstract Introduction Blood transfusion is linked to several risks, most notably the transmission of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria. The risk posed by these blood-borne infectious agents is high in developing countries, including Pakistan. This fact stresses the need for regular surveillance of TTIs. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence of TTIs at a regional blood center. Material and Methods This was a retrospective 4-year descriptive study undertaken at the Regional Blood Centre in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan, on the blood donor data from June 2016 to May 2020. A total of 41,817 donors donated blood during the study period and were screened for HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria. To ensure donor privacy, donors were identified via codes and no personal information was available. The data were extracted from the ZAAVIA blood transfusion information system database. Results The study included a total of 41,817 donors—41,493 (99.22%) males and 324 (0.78%) females. Of them, 22,343 (53.43%) were voluntary donors while 19,474 (46.57%) were replacement donors. An overall TTI prevalence rate of 4.61% was found. The TTI prevalence rate in voluntary donors was 3.90% while 5.42% in replacement donors. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria was 1.95, 1.38, 0.23, 0.91, and 0.14%, respectively. Conclusion The current study documented a high prevalence (1,929 out of 41,817, 4.61%) of TTIs, especially in replacement donors (1,057 out of 19,474, 5.42%), and low participation of female donors. The recommendations include the promotion of voluntary blood donors, enrolment of female blood donors, and screening of donated blood through highly sensitive screening assay (i.e., nucleic acid testing).

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and approaches in blood transfusions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Bacterial Transmission ◽  
Donated Blood

One of the goals of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization is to provide adequate healthy blood and reduce the risk of various viral and bacterial transmission infections. With the removal of alternative blood donation, all blood units and blood products are provided through voluntary blood donation in Iran. The Blood Transfusion Organization screens the donated blood according to standard guidelines to ensure blood recipients and physicians of providing healthy and pathogen-free components. With the emergence of novel pathogens, such as the pandemic of the COVID-19 virus, despite Iranchr('39')s self-sufficiency in blood supply and blood products, the number of blood donors has decreased significantly since there is a lack of comprehensive information on pathophysiology and virus transmission ways. Moreover, the existence of some shortages in screening programs can cause problems. Therefore, this study was performed to review the studies conducted investigating this emerging virus regarding blood transfusions and the supply of blood components worldwide.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Malaria Parasites in Screened Donor Blood for Transfusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Samuel Antwi-Baffour ◽  
Ransford Kyeremeh ◽  
Atta Poku Amoako ◽  
Lawrence Annison ◽  
John Ocquaye-Mensah Tetteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Donor Blood ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Donated Blood

Malaria is a protozoan parasitic infection of humans resulting from one or more of the five species of the genus Plasmodium and its burden across the world particularly in the tropics is well known. Blood transfusion on the other hand is a necessary intervention in saving lives. However, it can lead to transfusion transmitted infections including malaria if the blood was donated by an infected person. It is therefore important that the blood from donors in malaria prone environment be examined thoroughly for malaria parasites. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of malaria parasites in donor blood. A total of 1,500 samples from donors were examined using microscopy, rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and molecular method for malaria parasites. Malaria parasites were detected in forty-eight (48), 49 and 47 of the blood samples using microscopy, RDT, and molecular method respectively. This gave an average prevalence of 3.2%. All the blood groups examined had some malaria positivity except blood group O and A negative. In all the positive samples, the trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum were detected. There was no association between blood group type and prevalence of the malaria parasites. There was also no association between age and prevalence of malaria parasite. The results attest to the potential risk of blood transfusion transmitted malaria and thus pose a great risk to blood recipients, especially the malaria vulnerable groups of children and pregnant women. Even though the prevalence in this study was not high enough, together with other results from elsewhere, it can be said that the screening of donated blood or donors for malaria parasites is necessary so that measures will be put in place not to transfuse patients at risk.

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