scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and approaches in blood transfusions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Bacterial Transmission ◽  
Donated Blood

One of the goals of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization is to provide adequate healthy blood and reduce the risk of various viral and bacterial transmission infections. With the removal of alternative blood donation, all blood units and blood products are provided through voluntary blood donation in Iran. The Blood Transfusion Organization screens the donated blood according to standard guidelines to ensure blood recipients and physicians of providing healthy and pathogen-free components. With the emergence of novel pathogens, such as the pandemic of the COVID-19 virus, despite Iranchr('39')s self-sufficiency in blood supply and blood products, the number of blood donors has decreased significantly since there is a lack of comprehensive information on pathophysiology and virus transmission ways. Moreover, the existence of some shortages in screening programs can cause problems. Therefore, this study was performed to review the studies conducted investigating this emerging virus regarding blood transfusions and the supply of blood components worldwide.

Blood and the hidden virus

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun R. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Haemolytic Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Donated Blood

A major achievement in the history of blood transfusion was discovery of the rhesus blood groups. The work of Philip Levine and Rufus Stetson led to the discovery of the Rh factor and its relevance to haemolytic disease of the newborn. Later developments led to the generation of the anti-Rh (anti-D) antibodies. The chapter goes on to discuss the contamination of anti-D blood products with hepatitis C and the subsequent isolation of the hepatitis C virus. The contamination of donated blood products by hepatitis C and variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is discussed, with specific relevance to the practice of blood donation and screening processes.

Some aspects of the development of blood donation in domestic health care

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
M. Sharavina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
Donated Blood

The first successful blood transfusions were aimed at saving lives of patients with acute blood loss, application of donated blood is much wider today. Expansion of informational work with donors, including development of understanding in a donor concerning importance of the donor program in patient’s life, as well as creation of the Blood Service, which is responsible for promotion, collection of blood and its components, their storage and transportation, contributes to the development of regular and ongoing donation. The author reviewed the regulatory framework for blood donation.

Blood products are used to treat a multitude of diseases, so the blood transfusion system needs to be enhanced. CRISPR/Cas9 has made it viable to make HLA class I-deleted blood products to avoid rejection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Ips Cell

In adults, normal hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow, producing leukocytes, red blood cells, and platelets. Recently, megakaryocytes have been found in mouse lungs and spleen, where they release platelets by blood flow force. Blood products are used to treat a multitude of diseases and conditions that generate cytopenia. The blood transfusion system must be enhanced due to a drop in blood donors due to low birth rate and changing attitudes among young people, pathogen contamination, and rising demand due to chronic blood diseases that are prevalent among the elderly. Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, may proliferate in vitro indefinitely and are a prospective source for blood transfusions to replace blood donations.Platelet preparations can be maintained at room temperature to sustain platelet function, but only have a statutory expiry date of five days. Platelets are anucleate cells, thus irradiation before blood donation can lessen the risk of iPS cell infection. Effective treatment requires HLA-compatible platelet transfusions, although supply limits often leave patients underserved. CRISPR/Cas9 has made it viable to make HLA class I-deleted blood products to avoid rejection and lower the odds of platelet-expressed human leukocyte antigen Class I cancer-causing iPS cells (HLA-I). This article discusses the production of megakaryocyte cell lines, bioreactors, and scale-up cultures, as well as identifying viable drugs in manufacturing. HLA-null, iPSC-derived platelet products' universal potential will also be explored.

A Child has a Right to Blood Transfusion Services in Nigeria, despite the Religious Status of the Parents or Guardians

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchejeso M Obeta
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Life Saving

Red blood cell transfusion is an important and frequent component of neonatal intensive care. Whereas blood and blood products transfusion can help a patient (child) recover from a serious illness, surgery or injury, because of the religious beliefs of some parents or guardians, a child may be denied the benefit of this life-saving service. Several legal statutes and precedents exist to protect the rights of children in need of life-saving blood transfusions where denied this opportunity to be transfused and survive. The awareness of these extant laws and statutes are critical for the empowerment of healthcare providers in the performance of their role within the provisions of the law and medical ethics.

Blood transfusions in athletes. Old dogmas, new tricks

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lippi ◽  
Giuseppe Banfi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Blood Doping ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Human Erythropoietin

AbstractBlood doping consists of any illicit means used to increase and optimize oxygen delivery to the muscles and includes blood transfusions, administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating substances, blood substitutes, natural or artificial altitude facilities, and innovative gene therapies. The use of blood transfusion, an extremely straightforward, practical and effective means of increasing an athlete's red blood-cell supply in advance of competition, became rather popular in the 1970s, but it has suddenly declined following the widespread use of recombinant human erythropoietin among elite endurance athletes. Most recently, following implementation of reliable tests to screen for erythropoiesis-stimulating substances, blood transfusions have made a strong resurgence, as attested by several positive doping tests. Doping by blood transfusion can be classified as homologous, where the blood is infused into someone other than the donor, and autologous, where the blood donor and transfusion recipient are the same. The former case produces more clinically relevant side effects, but is easily detectable using current antidoping protocols based on erythrocyte phenotyping by flow cytometry and, eventually, erythrocyte genotyping by DNA testing. Since the donor and recipient blood are identical in autologous blood doping, this is less risky, though much more challenging to detect. Indirect strategies, relying on significant deviations from individual hematological profiles following autologous blood donation and reinfusion, are currently being investigated. For the time being, the storage of athletes' blood samples to allow testing and sanctioning of guilty athletes once a definitive test has been introduced may represent a reliable deterrent policy.Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1395–402.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF IDENTIFYING TRANSFUSIONAL INCIDENTS BY ACTIVE SEARCHING AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Henrique de Paula Bedaque ◽  
Rodolfo Daniel de Almeida Soares ◽  
Carolina Lemos de Brito ◽  
Gabriela Lia de Aquino Revoredo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Active Searching

Objective: The present study aims to analyze implementation consequences on active search for incidents related to blood transfusion at Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL) and establish a blood transfusion profile in this facility. Methods: Blood transfusion and TIs registered on Hemotherapy Core at HUOL were counted through SPSS 20, comparing IT/1000 blood transfusion averages between 2012 and 2014. T Test of Student was used to compare data and chi-square (X²) and relative risk calculation to associate the use of blood components and risk to develop TI. Results: An increase of TI numbers at HUOL was shown by active searching and its equivalence to reference French and Brazilian services, liked to ANVISA sentinel network. Thus, there was a change in the average rate from 1.86 TI/1000 blood transfusions in 2012 to 5.36 TI/1000 blood transfusions in 2013 and 5.86 TI/1000 in 2014 (p = 0.001). It was also observed that the red blood cell concentrate is the fraction with the highest risk of occurrence of TIs (p = 0.003) and the greatest chance of causing any type of TI in relation to the other blood products, RR = 1.848 (95% CI; 1.042 - 3.266). It was also seen that the infusion of platelet concentrate is related to the allergic reaction (p <0.01), and greater risk compared to other blood components, RR = 2.746 (95% CI; 1.477 - 5.107). Conclusion: This study demonstrates active Hemovigilance importance on Tis subnotifications decrease.

Evaluation of Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents (ESA) and Their Effect on Blood Optimization for Cardiac Surgery

2020 ◽  
pp. 089719002096927
Author(s):  
Kristina S. Gill ◽  
Abigail D. Antigua ◽  
A. Kacee Barnett ◽  
Aubrey J. Hall ◽  
Charles T. Klodell
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Transfusion Rate ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents

Background: Cardiovascular surgeries increase the risk of receiving blood transfusions. Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs) have been used to decrease the transfusion rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the administration of blood products post-cardiothoracic surgery after receiving ESAs. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study. Results: Between May 2017 to May 2018, 52 adult patients underwent cardiac surgery and received ESAs pre-operatively and/or post-operatively. A total of 35 patients were included in the study and 21 (60%) patients did not require a blood transfusion while 14 (40%) patients required a blood transfusion ( p = 0.597). The change in hemoglobin (Hgb = 0.773 g/dL, 1.7 g/dL; p = 0.002) and hematocrit (Hct = 2.31%, 4.3%; p = 0.04) was significantly different in patients who received ESAs alone versus ESAs with blood transfusion. Adverse drug reactions showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusions: In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, ESAs did not significantly reduce the need for blood transfusion. Future and larger studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of ESAs on blood transfusion.

scholarly journals Potential for Zika virus transmission through blood transfusion demonstrated during an outbreak in French Polynesia, November 2013 to February 2014

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Musso ◽  
T Nhan ◽  
E Robin ◽  
C Roche ◽  
D Bierlaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Blood Safety ◽  
Zika Fever

Since October 2013, French Polynesia has experienced the largest documented outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKAV) infection. To prevent transmission of ZIKAV by blood transfusion, specific nucleic acid testing of blood donors was implemented. From November 2013 to February 2014: 42 (3%) of 1,505 blood donors, although asymptomatic at the time of blood donation, were found positive for ZIKAV by PCR. Our results serve to alert blood safety authorities about the risk of post-transfusion Zika fever.

scholarly journals Children are not little adults: blood transfusion in children with burn injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina L. Palmieri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Physiologic Response ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Transfusion Requirements ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Blood transfusion in burns larger than 20% total body surface area (TBSA) are frequent due to operative procedures, blood sampling, and physiologic response to burn injury. Optimizing the use of blood transfusions requires an understanding of the physiology of burn injury, the risks and benefits of blood transfusion, and the indications for transfusion. Age also plays a role in determining blood transfusion requirements. Children in particular have a different physiology than adults, which needs to be considered prior to transfusing blood and blood products. This article describes the physiologic differences between children and adults in general and after burn injury and describes how these differences impact blood transfusion practices in children.

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