scholarly journals The appropriacy of fluency tests in assessing epileptic seizure lateralization in children with partial epilepsy

Psihologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-211
Author(s):  
Jasmina Vuksanovic ◽  
Milena Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Seizure Focus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Right

Fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to asses executive functions. The literature data are not unequivocal although in a great number of papers is pointed out the importance of the left hemisphere, specially of the left frontal lobes in the mediation of phonological fluency and the right hemisphere in the mediation of nonverbal fluency. This paper considers the suitability of fluency tests for the detection of left versus right seizure laterality. The sample consisted of thirty-two epilepsy patients divided into two groups: LHF-participants with the seizure focus in the left hemisphere (n=16), and DHF-participants with the seizure focus in the right hemisphere (n=16), and K-the control group of t age-matched healthy children (n=50) aged 7-11 years. The qualitative and quantitative comparison of the phonological and nonverbal fluency performance was carried out in consideration of the seizure laterality as well as compared to the healthy controls. The results of phonological fluency performance revealed that the performance of the LHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both DHF and K group. The analysis of nonverbal fluency performance revealed that the performance of the DHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both LHF and K group The qualitative analysis obtained valuable data, which could additionally contribute to the neuropsychological evaluation of the left versus right seizure laterality.

UNBIASING THE BRAIN: THE EFFECTS OF MEDITATION UPON THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Meissner ◽  
Michael Pirot
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Transcendental Meditation ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Twenty males with a strong right hand preference underwent 120 simple reaction time trials to a 500 hz auditory stimulus presented to right, left and both ears. Ten Transcendental Meditators served as their own controls in twenty minute meditation and relaxation conditions and were also compared to a ten Non-Meditator control group who relaxed only in two 20-minute conditions. The reaction time trials were administered after the conditions. When the ears were compared to each other a significant right-ear (left hemisphere) advantage (REA) occurred in all relaxation conditions of the Meditator and Non-Meditator control groups. However, no REA emerged after meditation conditions of the Meditator group. The Meditator group after meditation compared to their own baseline relaxation condition showed a significant suppression of reaction time latencies to stimulation delivered to the left hemisphere and a significant facilitation to stimulation delivered to the right hemisphere. The meaning of these findings suggest Transcendental Meditation is an attentional strategy that disrupts the usual biases of the brain which also has implications as a clinical method. A neuropsychological explanation of the results suggest a comprehensive theory of Transcendental Meditation.

scholarly journals Abnormal Cortical Activation Patterns Among Chinese-Speaking Schizophrenia Patients During Category and Letter Verbal Fluency Tasks Revealed by Multi-Channel Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Junlin Mu ◽  
Chenyu Shen ◽  
Guanqun Yao ◽  
Kun Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Right

Background: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has many advantages over other neuroimaging modalities for routine measurement of task-dependent cortical activation, but most fNIRS studies of schizophrenia have used letter fluency tasks (LFTs). Further, performances on category fluency tasks (CFTs) and LFTs may be distinct in Chinese patients due to the unique semantic features of Chinese written characters. To identify unique disease biomarkers measurable by fNIRS in Chinese schizophrenia patients, this study compared cortical oxygenated hemoglobin changes ([oxy-Hb]) during a Chinese LFT and CFT between patients and healthy controls.Methods: Inpatients of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were recruited from Match 2020 to July 2021. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate psychiatric symptoms. Dynamic changes in [oxy-Hb], an indicator of neural activity, were measured during CFT and LFT performance by 52-channel fNIRS.Results: Forty-seven schizophrenia inpatients and 29 healthy controls completed all tests. Schizophrenia patients showed significant cortical activation at 15 channels covering the left hemisphere and 17 channels over the right hemisphere during the CFT. During the LFT, activity was significantly increased at only six channels, all over the left hemisphere (FDR P < 0.05). In healthy controls, significant [oxy-Hb] increases were found at 24 channels over the left hemisphere and 19 channels over the right hemisphere during CFT. While during the LFT, the significant increases were found at 7 channels all over the left hemisphere (FDR P < 0.05). When years of education was included as a covariate, the schizophrenia group demonstrated no significant hypoactivation relative to healthy controls at any channel after FDR correction (FDR P < 0.05) during CFT while demonstrated significant hypoactivation at channel 11 during LFT (FDR P < 0.05). There were no significant associations between PANSS scores and [oxy-Hb] changes after FDR correction (FDR P < 0.05).Conclusions: Left lateralization during CFT was reduced among schizophrenia patients and may be related to the semantic deficit. The Chinese-CFT could be a more sensitive indicator of frontal-temporal dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Right hemisphere infarct patients and healthy controls: Evaluation of starting points in cancellation tasks

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA NURMI ◽  
JANI KETTUNEN ◽  
MARI LAIHOSALO ◽  
EIJA-INKERI RUUSKANEN ◽  
ANNA-MAIJA KOIVISTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Specific Guideline ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
The Right

AbstractPatients with visual neglect (VN) tend to start cancellation tasks from the right. This exceptional initial rightward bias is also seen in some right hemisphere (RH) stroke patients who do not meet the criteria of VN in conventional tests. The present study compared RH infarct patients’ (examined on average 4 days post-stroke) and healthy controls’ starting points (SPs) in three cancellation tasks of the Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT). Furthermore, task-specific guideline values were defined for a normal SP to differentiate the performance of healthy subjects from that of patients with subclinical inattention. Conventional tests indicated that 15 of the 70 RH infarct patients had VN. The control group comprised 44 healthy volunteers. In each task, the VN group started the cancellations mainly from the right. The non-neglect and healthy groups initiated most cancellations from the left, more so in the healthy group. Starting more than one BIT task outside the guideline value indicated pathological inattention, as this was typical among the VN patients, but exceptional among the healthy subjects. One-third of the non-neglect patients showed pathological inattention by starting more than one task outside the guideline value. Clinical assessment of VN should, therefore, include an evaluation of the SPs to detect this subtle form of neglect. (JINS, 2010, 16, 902–909.)

CNTM-05. Left hemisphere gliomas induce a plastic bi-hemispheric language network further characterized by lobe specific glioma data

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi225-vi225
Author(s):  
Matthew Ramsey ◽  
Shashwat Tripathi ◽  
Mohit Saxena ◽  
Matthew Tate
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language Activation ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Network

Abstract Primary brain tumors are among the most burdensome diagnoses patients can receive as they often carry with them externally obvious and significant detriments to motor and speech. The stroke model is severely limited by the inherent nature of the insult to the brain: binary, relatively instantaneous and defined by vascular boundaries. We instead have chosen to study glioma-induced neuroplasticity in patients with gliomas as presentation is over a significantly longer time course with a gradient of insult to language activation areas instead of immediate ablation. Chart review was conducted on 545 patients who completed fMRI imaging from 2013–2019 while completing 1+ of the following language tasks: antonyms, reading comprehension, rhyming, word generation and picture naming. A total of 117 patients’ fMRI scans were included in the final analysis which entailed both a cluster-based analysis in FSL and a 34 gyral, mask-based analysis using FEATquery. Right hemisphere gliomas (RHG) were first established as a reliable control group by averaging anatomically significant voxels across all five language tasks (LT) yielding a core conserved network. Left hemisphere gliomas (LHG) were then directly compared to the RHG language tasks. We found LHG induced global reorganization of the conserved language network with little evidence for direct homologous recruitment of functional structures. Instead, a generalized right hemisphere recruitment is observed with 87% of non-zero masks shifting their laterality index to the right hemisphere. Furthermore, in each of the five LT, the LHG activates fewer total suprathreshold voxels in both the mask and cluster based analyses while having a higher peak intensity within the activated clusters. A preliminary analysis of frontal LHG compared to temporal LHG reveals increased contralateral recruitment in the frontal subgroup with more direct homologous recruitment. This nuanced understanding of existing mechanisms for neuroplasticity can aid in our future intentional manipulation for therapeutic benefit.

Investigation of the Effect of Mode and Tempo on Emotional Responses to Music Using EEG Power Asymmetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Trochidis ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Musical Excerpt ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Musical Modes ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
The Right

The combined interactions of mode and tempo on emotional responses to music were investigated using both self-reports and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. A musical excerpt was performed in three different modes and tempi. Participants rated the emotional content of the resulting nine stimuli and their EEG activity was recorded. Musical modes influence the valence of emotion with major mode being evaluated happier and more serene, than minor and locrian modes. In EEG frontal activity, major mode was associated with an increased alpha activation in the left hemisphere compared to minor and locrian modes, which, in turn, induced increased activation in the right hemisphere. The tempo modulates the arousal value of emotion with faster tempi associated with stronger feeling of happiness and anger and this effect is associated in EEG with an increase of frontal activation in the left hemisphere. By contrast, slow tempo induced decreased frontal activation in the left hemisphere. Some interactive effects were found between mode and tempo: An increase of tempo modulated the emotion differently depending on the mode of the piece.

Dual Intentional Agency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Split Brain ◽  
Intentional Agency ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Right

This chapter defends the 2-agents claim, according to which the two hemispheres of a split-brain subject are associated with distinct intentional agents. The empirical basis of this claim is that, while both hemispheres are the source or site of intentions, the capacity to integrate them in practical reasoning no longer operates interhemispherically after split-brain surgery. As a result, the right hemisphere-associated agent, R, and the left hemisphere-associated agent, L, enjoy intentional autonomy from each other. Although the positive case for the 2-agents claim is grounded mainly in experimental findings, the claim is not contradicted by what we know of split-brain subjects’ ordinary behavior, that is, the way they act outside of experimental conditions.

Neuropsychological Assessment of a Case of Early Right Hemiplegia: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Brizzolara ◽  
Anna Maria Chilosi ◽  
Gianni Luigi De Nobili ◽  
Giovanni Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Perceptual Skills ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Linguistic Functions ◽  
The Right

Evidence for normal development of linguistic but poor visuo-perceptual skills has been obtained with the neuropsychological assessment of a case of early left-brain injury. Data suggest the transfer of linguistic functions from the left to the right hemisphere at the expense of visuo-perceptual capacities for which the right hemisphere is potentially specialized.

P14.30 Voxelwise analysis of spatial distribution of postoperative ischemia in diffuse glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii44-ii44
Author(s):  
A T J van der Boog ◽  
S David ◽  
A M M Steennis ◽  
T J Snijders ◽  
J W Dankbaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Diffuse Glioma ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Watershed Area ◽  
Median Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract BACKGROUND Surgical treatment of diffuse glioma is performed to reduce tumor mass effect and to pave the way for adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy. As a complication of surgery, ischemic lesions are often found in the postoperative setting. Not only can these lesion induce neurological deficits, but their volume has also been associated with reduced survival time. Prior studies suggest areas with a singular vascular supply to be more prone to postoperative ischemic lesions, although the precise cause is yet unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the volumetric and spatial distributions of postoperative ischemic lesions and their relation to arterial territories in glioma patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We accessed a retrospective database of 144 adult cases with WHO grade II-IV supratentorial gliomas, who received surgery and postoperative MRI within 3 days in 2012–2014. We identified 93 patients with postoperative ischemia, defined as new confluent diffusion restriction on DWI. Ischemic lesions were manually delineated and spatially normalized to stereotaxic MNI space. Voxel-based analysis (VBA) was performed to compare presence and absence of postoperative ischemia. False positive results were eliminated by family-wise error correction. Areas of ischemia were labeled using an arterial territory map, the Harvard-Oxford cortical and subcortical atlases and the XTRACT white matter atlas. RESULTS Median volume of confluent ischemia was 3.52cc (IQR 2.15–5.94). 23 cases had only ischemic lesion in the left hemisphere, 46 in the right hemisphere and 24 bilateral. Median volume was 3.08cc (IQR 1.35–5.72) in left-sided lesions and 2.47cc (1.01–4.24) in right-sided lesions. Volume of ischemic lesions was not associated with survival after 1, 2 or 5 years. A cluster of 125.18cc was found to be significantly associated with development of postoperative ischemia. 73% of this cluster was situated in the arterial territory of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA), limited by the border of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and the watershed area between the right MCA and the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Significant areas were located in the frontal lobes, spanning into the right temporo-occipital region, and predominantly included right and left thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, as well as right temporal gyri and insular cortex, and parts of the right corticospinal tract, longitudinal fasciculi and superior thalamic radiation. CONCLUSION We found slightly more and larger ischemic lesions in the right than left hemisphere after glioma resection. A statistically significant cluster of voxels of postoperative ischemia was found in the territory of the right MCA and watershed area of the right ACA. Exploration of the spatial distribution of these lesions could help elucidate their etiology and form the basis for predicting clinically relevant postoperative ischemia.

scholarly journals Hypoconnectivity networks in schizophrenia patients: a voxelwise meta-analysis of rs-fMRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ruiz-Torras ◽  
Oscar Fernández-Vazquez ◽  
Cristina Cañete-Massé ◽  
Maribel Peró-Cebollero ◽  
Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Health States ◽  
The Right ◽  
Work Done

Abstract In the last few years, the field of brain connectivity has focused on identifying biomarkers to describe different health states and to discriminate between patients and healthy controls through the characterization of brain networks. A particularly interesting case, because of the symptoms' severity, is the work done with samples of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. This meta-analysis aims to identify connectivity networks with different activation patterns between people diagnosed with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Therefore, we collected primary studies exploring whole brain connectivity by functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy people. Thus, we identified 25 high-quality studies that included a total of 1285 people with schizophrenia and 1279 healthy controls. The results indicate hypoactivation in the right precentral gyrus and in the left superior temporal gyrus of people with schizophrenia compared with the control group. These regions have been linked to deficits in gesticulation and the experience of auditory hallucinations in people with schizophrenia. A study of heterogeneity demonstrated that the effect size was influenced by the sample size and type of analysis. These results imply new contributions to the knowledge, diagnosis, and treatment of schizophrenia both clinically and in research.

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