Anti-Erosive Effect of Solutions Containing Sodium Fluoride, Stannous Chloride, and Selected Film-Forming Polymers

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sávio J.C. Bezerra ◽  
Samira H. João-Souza ◽  
Idalina V. Aoki ◽  
Alessandra B. Borges ◽  
Anderson T. Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Zeta Potentials ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Propylene Glycol Alginate ◽  
Erosive Effect ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Crystals

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (F: 225 ppm F–), stannous chloride (Sn: 800 ppm Sn2+), and some film-forming polymers (Gantrez: Poly [methylvinylether-alt-maleic anhydride]; PGA: propylene glycol alginate; Plasdone: poly[vinylpyrrolidone]; and CMC: carboxymethylcellulose). Solutions were tested in an erosion-remineralization cycling model, using enamel and dentin specimens (n = 10, for each substrate). Distilled water was the negative control. Cycling consisted of 120 min immersion in human saliva, 5 min in 0.3% citric acid solution, and 120 min of exposure to human saliva, 4×/day, for 5 days. Treatment with solutions (pH = 4.5) was carried out 2×/day, for 2 min. Surface loss (SL) was evaluated with optical profilometry. Zeta potential of hydroxyapatite crystals was determined after treatment with the solutions. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). For enamel, all polymers showed significantly lower SL (in µm) than the control (11.09 ± 0.94), except PGA (10.15 ± 1.25). PGA significantly improved the protective effect of F (4.24 ± 0.97 vs. 5.64 ± 1.60, respectively). None of the polymers increased the protection of F+Sn (5.13 ± 0.78). For dentin, only Gantrez (11.40 ± 0.97) significantly reduced SL when compared with the negative control (12.76 ± 0.75). No polymer was able to enhance the effect of F (6.28 ± 1.90) or F+Sn (7.21 ± 1.13). All fluoridated solutions demonstrated significantly lower SL values than the control for both substrates. Treatment of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with all solutions resulted in more negative zeta potentials than those of the control, except Plasdone, PGA, and F+Sn+PGA, the latter two presenting the opposite effect. In conclusion, Gantrez, Plasdone, and CMC exhibited an anti-erosive effect on enamel. PGA increased the protection of F. For dentin, only Gantrez reduced erosion.

Enhancing the Anti-Erosive Properties of Fluoride and Stannous with the Polymer Carbopol

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mara da Silva Ávila ◽  
Marina Gullo Augusto ◽  
Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta ◽  
Tais Scaramucci ◽  
Idalina Vieira Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Erosion Protection ◽  
Erosive Effect

This in vitro study investigated whether Carbopol 980 polymer could potentiate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (F) and sodium fluoride associated with stannous chloride (FS). The dissolution of hydroxyapatite treated with the experimental solutions (F [500 ppm F–], F + Carbopol [0.1%], FS [500 ppm F– + 800 ppm Sn2+], FS + Carbopol) was evaluated. Deionized water was the negative control, and a commercial mouth rinse (AmF/NaF/SnCl2; 500 ppm F + 800 ppm Sn2+; Elmex® Erosion Protection) was the positive control. The solutions were also evaluated in an erosion-rehardening protocol, with two treatments per day, using bovine enamel specimens (n = 15) and human saliva. The acid challenge was performed using 0.3% citric acid (pH 2.6) for 2 min. Microhardness was measured at different times: baseline, after the first erosive challenge, after treatment, and after the second erosive challenge. Based on microhardness values, the demineralization, rehardening, and protective potentials were calculated. The alkali-soluble fluoride on enamel surfaces was also measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Groups treated with FS + Carbopol showed the lowest hydroxyapatite dissolution and the highest rehardening and protective potentials. The measurement of alkali-soluble fluoride on enamel surfaces was also higher in the FS + Carbopol group. Carbopol was able to significantly increase the protective effect of the fluoridated solutions in addition to optimizing the adsorption of fluoride on the enamel surface.

Influence of Toothbrushing on the Antierosive Effect of Film-Forming Agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taís Scaramucci ◽  
Samira Helena João-Souza ◽  
Frank Lippert ◽  
George J. Eckert ◽  
Idalina V. Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Loss ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Better Than

This study evaluated the influence of toothbrushing on the antierosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (225 ppm/F), stannous chloride (800 ppm/Sn), sodium linear polyphosphate (2%/LPP), and their combinations, and deionized water as negative control (C). Solutions were tested in a 5-day erosion-remineralization-abrasion cycling model, using enamel and dentin specimens (n = 8). Erosion was performed 6 times/day for 5 min, exposure to the test solutions 3 times/day for 2min, and toothbrushing (or not) with toothpaste slurry 2 times/day for 2 min (45 strokes). Surface loss (SL) was determined by noncontact profilometry. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Brushing caused more SL than no brushing for enamel (mean ± SD, in micrometers: 52.7 ± 6.6 and 33.0 ± 4.5, respectively), but not for dentin (28.2 ± 1.9 and 26.6 ± 1.8, respectively). For enamel without brushing, F+LPP+Sn showed the lowest SL (23.8 ± 3.4), followed by F+Sn (30.6 ± 4.9) and F+LPP (31.7 ± 1.7), which did not differ from each other. No differences were found between the other groups and C (37.8 ± 2.1). When brushing, F+LPP+Sn exhibited the lowest SL (36.7 ± 2.4), not differing from F+LPP (39.1 ± 1.8). F, F+Sn and LPP+Sn were similar (46.7 ± 2.9, 42.1 ± 2.8 and 45.3 ± 4.6, respectively) and better than C (52.7 ± 4.3). Sn (55.0 ± 2.4) and LPP (51.0 ± 4.3) did not differ from C. For dentin, neither groups differed from C, regardless of brushing. In conclusion, toothbrushing did not affect the antierosive effect of F+Sn, F+LPP and F+LPP+Sn on enamel, although overall it led to more erosion than nonbrushing. F and LPP+Sn showed a protective effect only under brushing conditions, whereas Sn and LPP did not exhibit any protection. For dentin, neither toothbrushing nor the test solutions influenced the development of erosion.

Protective Effect of Solutions Containing Polymers Associated with Fluoride and Stannous Chloride on Hydroxyapatite Dissolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marina Gullo Augusto ◽  
Tamires Maria de Andrade Santos ◽  
Taís Scaramucci ◽  
Idalina Vieira Aoki ◽  
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Citric Acid Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Methacrylate Copolymer ◽  
Total Reaction Time ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Crystals

This study investigated the protective effect of experimental solutions containing 4 polymers (polyoxirane, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose [HPMC], pectin, and an amino methacrylate copolymer [AMC]) in 2 concentrations (low and high) associated or not with sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F<sup>–</sup>) or sodium fluoride plus stannous chloride (FS; 800 ppm Sn<sup>2+</sup>) on the dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals (HA). Deionized water was the control. The pretreated HA was added to a 0.3% citric acid solution (pH 3.8). An automatic titrant machine added aliquots of 0.1 N HCl at a rate of 28 μL/min, in a total reaction time of 5 min. Groups were compared with 2-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test, and concentrations with Student <i>t</i> test (5%). The zeta potential of the HA treated with the solutions was measured. Significant differences were found for both factors and interaction (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). The treatments with F and FS solutions resulted in a lower amount of dissolved HA than the control. Among the polymers’ solutions, only AMC was able to reduce the amount of dissolved HA, changing the surface charge of HA to positive. AMC improved the protective effect of F, but it did not affect FS. Polyoxirane and HPMC reduced the protective potential of the FS solution. No differences were found between the concentrations of the polymers. It was concluded that F and FS reduced the amount of dissolved HA. The protective effect of the experimental solutions against HA dissolution was polymer dependent. The F effect was enhanced by its combination with AMC, but the protection of FS was impaired by polyoxirane and HPMC.

Protective Effect of 4% Titanium Tetrafluoride Varnish on Dentin Demineralization Using a Microcosm Biofilm Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Moreli Soares dos Santos ◽  
Juliana Gonçalves Pires ◽  
Aline Braga Silva ◽  
Priscila Maria Aranda Salomão ◽  
Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Titanium Tetrafluoride ◽  
Biofilm Model

This study evaluated the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) varnish on the development of dentin carious lesions. Bovine root dentin samples were treated for 6 h with: (A) 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45% F); (B) 5.42% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish (2.45% F); (C) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel – positive control; (D) placebo varnish; or (E) untreated – negative control (n = 4 × biological triplicate, n = 12). Treated dentin samples were exposed to human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (1:50) for the first 8 h in 24-well plates. Thereafter, the medium was removed, and McBain saliva containing 0.2% sucrose was applied for 16 h. From days 2 to 5, McBain saliva with sucrose was replaced daily (37°C, 5% CO2). The demineralization was measured using transverse microradiography, while the effect on biofilm was analyzed using viability, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), and lactic acid production assays. The data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). All treatments (fluorides and CHX) significantly reduced the biofilm viability compared to placebo varnish and negative control. However, none of them was able to reduce the colony-forming unit counting for total microorganism, total streptococci, and Streptococcus mutans. NaF significantly reduced the number of Lactobacillus sp. compared to negative control. No effect was seen on lactic acid production neither on EPS synthesis, except that CHX significantly reduced the amount of insoluble EPS. Both fluorides were able to reduce dentin demineralization compared to placebo varnish and negative control; TiF4 had a better effect in reducing mineral loss and lesion depth than NaF. Therefore, TiF4 varnish has the best protective effect on dentin carious lesion formation using this model.

A Clinical Assessment of the Efficacy of a Stannous-Containing Sodium Fluoride Dentifrice on Dentinal Hypersensitivity

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao He ◽  
Trevor Day ◽  
Johannes Einwag ◽  
Joachim S. Hermann ◽  
Mary Kay Anastasia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Sensitive Teeth ◽  
Fluoride Dentifrice ◽  
Dentinal Hypersensitivity

Abstract Aim To measure the desensitizing benefits of an experimental stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice versus a regular sodium fluoride negative control. Methods and Materials This study was a randomized, double-blind, parallel group, fourweek clinical trial. Subjects reporting dentinal hypersensitivity were enrolled and randomized to the experimental dentifrice or the control dentifrice to use twice daily for four weeks. Efficacy assessments (Air Blast) were performed at baseline and weeks two and four. Separate analyses were performed for the two most sensitive teeth at baseline and for all 12 teeth. Results for weeks two and four combined also were analyzed. Results Thirty-one subjects were included in the analyses. For the two most sensitive teeth, the experimental dentifrice showed statistically significantly less sensitivity (p<0.05) versus the control at weeks two and four and for weeks two and four combined. The sensitivity reduction ranged from 24.9% to 28.4% over the control. For all 12 teeth, the experimental group had statistically significantly (p<0.03) lower sensitivity scores versus the control group at week two and weeks two and four combined. Conclusion The experimental dentifrice demonstrated significant desensitizing advantages versus the control. Clinical Significance This stannouscontaining sodium fluoride dentifrice provides an effective treatment for patients with dentinal hypersensitivity, significantly reducing sensitivity versus a negative control in this four-week trial. Citation Day TN, Einwag J, Hermann JS, He T, Anastasia MK, Barker M, Zhang Y. A Clinical Assessment of the Efficacy of a Stannous- Containing Sodium Fluoride Dentifrice on Dentinal Hypersensitivity. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 Jan; 11(1):001-008. Available from:http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/view/volume11- issue1-day.

The Addition of Propylene Glycol Alginate to a Fluoride Solution to Control Enamel Wear: An in situ Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
Letícia Oba Sakae ◽  
Samira Helena Niemeyer ◽  
Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra ◽  
Alessandra Buhler Borges ◽  
Cecilia Pedroso Turssi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Propylene Glycol Alginate ◽  
Enamel Erosion ◽  
Enamel Wear

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of propylene glycol alginate (PGA) associated with sodium fluoride (NaF) against enamel erosion and erosion-abrasion. A 4-phase, split-mouth, double-blind, crossover in situ trial was conducted with the following solutions: F + PGA (225 ppm F<sup>–</sup> + 0.1% PGA), F (225 ppm F<sup>–</sup>), F + Sn (225 ppm F<sup>–</sup> + SnCl<sub>2</sub>, 800 ppm Sn<sup>2+</sup>), and negative control (distilled water). In each phase, 12 subjects wore removable mandibular appliances containing 4 enamel specimens, which were submitted either to erosion or to erosion-abrasion challenges for 5 days. Acquired salivary pellicle was formed in situ for 2 h. Erosion-abrasion consisted of acid challenge (1% citric acid solution, pH 2.3, 5 min, 4×/day), exposure to saliva in situ (2 h, 4×/day), brushing (5 s, total 2 min exposure to the slurry), and treatment with the solutions (2 min, 2×/day). For erosion, the same procedures were performed, without brushing. At the end, surface loss (SL; in μm) was evaluated by means of optical profilometry. KOH-soluble fluoride was quantified for erosion-only groups using extra specimens. For both challenges, the SL values found for F + PGA did not differ significantly from those of F and the negative control, and the SL value shown for F + Sn was significantly the lowest. Erosion-abrasion promoted significantly higher SL values than erosion. KOH-soluble fluoride analysis showed that F + Sn had a higher fluoride concentration in comparison with the negative control and F, while F + PGA did not differ from any of the other groups. In conclusion, PGA was not able to improve the protective effect of NaF against erosive enamel wear.

Cariogenic Potential of Human and Bovine Milk on Enamel Demineralization

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Antonio P. Ricomini Filho ◽  
Ana Camila M. de Assis ◽  
Bárbara E. Costa Oliveira ◽  
Jaime A. Cury
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Bovine Enamel

The higher cariogenicity of human milk when compared with bovine milk is still a debatable subject. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of human or bovine milk exposure on biofilm composition and enamel demineralization using a validated cariogenic biofilm model. <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> UA159 biofilms (<i>n</i> = 8) were grown on human saliva-coated bovine enamel slabs of known surface hardness. The biofilms were exposed 8×/day to 0.9% NaCl (negative control), human milk, bovine milk, 7.0% lactose (active human milk control), 4.5% lactose (active bovine milk control), or 10% sucrose (positive control). The culture medium was changed twice daily, and the pH was analyzed as an indicator of biofilm acidogenicity. After 120 h of growth, biofilms were harvested to evaluate viable cells, and soluble and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). Enamel demineralization was assessed by the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey’s test (α = 5%). In terms of %SHL, negative control (7.7 ± 3.1), human milk control (13.3 ± 7.5), bovine milk control (15.3 ± 8.2), human milk (7.5 ± 5.0), and bovine milk (8.7 ± 6.3) did not differ among them (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05) but differed (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05) from sucrose (55.1 ± 5.4). The findings of enamel demineralization (%SHL) were statistically supported by the data of biofilm acidogenicity, bacterial counts and EPS biofilm composition. This experimental study suggests that human and bovine milk have low cariogenic potential to provoke caries lesions in enamel.

Fluoride Availability in Human Saliva after Dentifrice Use: Correlation with Anticaries Effects in Rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Afflitto ◽  
R. Schmid ◽  
A. Esposito ◽  
R. Toddywala ◽  
A. Gaffar
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Two Parameters

Studies were conducted to determine fluoride availability in saliva after dentifrice use and to relate this parameter to cariostatic efficacy in rat caries experiments. Three dentifrices—two commercial formulations (Colgate Winterfresh Gel and Crest Dentifrice with Na-Sr-polyacrylate) and an Experimental dentifrice—were compared with respect to salivary fluoride availability. All of the dentifrices tested contained 1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride. It was observed that the Experimental dentifrice and Crest dentifrice with Sr-polyacrylate exhibited low salivary fluoride availability relative to the Colgate Winterfresh Gel. Salivary fluoride availability was assessed by means of two parameters:(a) the fluoride concentration in the dentifrice saliva slurry expectorated after brushing, and (b) the area under the curve of salivary F concentration vs. time for up to two hours after dentifrice use. In two rat caries experiments, it was observed that both the Experimental dentifrice and the Sr-polyacrylate dentifrice provided less cariostatic efficacy than the clinically validated Positive Control (Colgate Winterfesh Gel). Analysis of these data provides further evidence in support of the concept that fluoride availability in saliva following dentifrice use is an important parameter related to anticaries efficacy.

scholarly journals EDX-analysis of fluoride precipitation on human enamel

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Johannes Scholz ◽  
Marianne Federlin ◽  
Karl-Anton Hiller ◽  
Helga Ebensberger ◽  
Gerlinde Ferstl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Pellicle Formation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Salivary Pellicle ◽  
Semiquantitative Method ◽  
Neutral Sodium

Abstract One mechanism of action for the anticaries effect of topical fluoridation is through precipitation of CaF2. In this in vitro study energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is used as a semiquantitative method to detect enamel fluoride-precipitation under the influence of acidic and neutral pH-value and absence or presence of a salivary pellicle. Crowns of 30 human caries-free third molars were quartered into four specimens and the enamel surface ground flat and polished. Two specimens each were stored in human saliva (120 minutes pellicle formation). Teeth were randomly allocated into 6 treatment groups: NaF_a (experimental acidic sodium fluoride; 12500 ppmF−, pH 4.75); NaF_n (experimental neutral sodium fluoride; 12500 ppmF−, pH 7.0); GB_a (acidic gel base; 0 ppmF−, pH 4.75); GB_n (neutral gel base; 0 ppmF−, pH 7.0); AmF-NaF_a (experimental acidic amine/sodium fluoride; 12500 ppmF−, pH 4.75); EG_a (acidic amine/sodium fluoride; Elmex Geleé, CP-GABA GmbH; 12500 ppmF−, pH 4.75). Each gel was applied for 60 seconds to one specimen with and one specimen without pellicle. Two specimens served as controls (no gel, without/with pellicle). Atomic percent (At%) of O, F, Na, Mg, P, Ca was measured by EDX. ∆At% and Ca/P-ratios were calculated. EDX could semi-quantify superficial enamel fluoride-precipitation. Only specimens treated with acidic fluoride gels showed fluoride-precipitation, a salivary pellicle tended to decrease At%F.

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