Glucomannan Inhibits Rice Gruel-Induced Increases in Plasma Glucose and Insulin Levels

Objective: Given the association between diabetes suppression and inhibition of diet-induced elevation in glucose and insulin, we investigated the effects of adding glucomannan to rice gruel on pre- and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. Methods: A total of 25 Japanese subjects without a history of diabetes or gastrointestinal disease (all males; aged 37–60 years; body mass index 20.4–31.6) participated in this study. Subjects received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (75gOGTT) and rice gruel containing 0, 0.4, or 0.8% of glucomannan. Blood samples were then obtained at preload and at 30, 60, and 120 min after receiving 75 g of glucose or rice gruel with or without glucomannan. Results: After the 75gOGTT, 8 subjects had normal glucose tolerance (NGT), whereas 17 showed a borderline pattern. Moreover, our data showed that greater amounts of glucomannan promoted lesser 30-min postload plasma glucose and insulin levels, with differences being larger in the borderline group than in the NGT group. Conclusions: Glucomannan dose-dependently inhibited the rice gruel-induced increase in 30-min postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels. Furthermore, greater inhibitory effects on glucose and insulin elevation were observed in the borderline group than in the NGT group.

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THE RESPONSE OF INFANTS OF DIABETIC WOMEN TO TOLBUTAMIDE AND LEUCINE AT BIRTH, AND TO GLUCOSE AND TOLBUTAMIDE AT 2 YEARS OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.43.4.546 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 546-557

Author(s):

Mutya S. A. Velasco ◽

Elsa P. Paulsen

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Diabetic Woman ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Diabetic Mothers

Twelve newborn infants, 2 to 8 days old, of gestational (IGDM) and insulin-requiring (IDM) diabetic mothers responded to intravenous tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) with abnormally large decreases in plasma glucose and marked rises in plasma insulin (the latter was measured only in IGDM). Only 3 of 13 IGDM tested with leucine had significant decreases in plasma glucose. Newborn infants of normal mothers showed no changes in glucose or insulin in response to intravenous tolbutamide, and one of five had a small decrease in glucose levels after leucine. The results suggest the presence of large stores of pancreatic insulin in newborn infants of diabetic mothers which are more readily released by stimulation with tolbutamide than with leucine. The offspring of the diabetic women were restudied at 2 years of age for their response to intravenous tolbutamide and oral glucose. Seven of nine children had normal glucose and insulin levels after intravenous tolbutamide, and two had abnormally low glucose levels with high insulin levels. Three of the nine had normal glucose tolerance with normal insulin levels. The other six had abnormally elevated glucose levels which varied in duration from one-half to 2 hours. Four of the six had an accompanying hyperinsulinemia; two, who had diabetic glucose tolerance, had poor insulin responses. The findings in the 2-year-old children support a concept that the fetal environment provided by a diabetic woman has effects on carbohydrate tolerance which extend beyond the newborn period.

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Effect of High ß-Glucan Barley on Postprandial Plasma Glucose Levels in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-772-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 772-P

Author(s):

MARIKO HIGA ◽

AYANA HASHIMOTO ◽

MOE HAYASAKA ◽

MAI HIJIKATA ◽

AYAMI UEDA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Normal Glucose

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Association between glucose fluctuation during 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, inflammation and oxidative stress markers, and β-cell function in a Chinese population with normal glucose tolerance

Annals of Translational Medicine ◽

10.21037/atm-20-6119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 327-327

Author(s):

Chifa Ma ◽

Yiwen Liu ◽

Shuli He ◽

Jingbo Zeng ◽

Pingping Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Cell Function ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Glucose Fluctuation ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Β Cell Function ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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PLASMA CORTICOSTEROID, PLASMA INSULIN AND BLOOD SUGAR OF NORMAL FASTING AND DIABETIC SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT HYPERCORTICISM

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0580643 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 643-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vivian Harding Asfeldt ◽

Kai R. Jørgensen

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Acth Stimulation ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Plasma Insulin Response

ABSTRACT Transient, maximum stimulation with β1–24 corticotrophin has been carried out in nine normal fasting subjects, in two fasting diabetics without hypercorticism and in three fasting diabetics with hypercorticism. Fluorimetric determinations of corticosteroids and determinations of immunological detectable insulin in plasma and blood sugar were made during stimulation. No significant variation in the blood sugar or the plasma insulin during transient, maximum ACTH stimulation was found either in normal fasting subjects or in fasting diabetics with or without hypercorticism. Moreover, in two diabetics with hypercorticism the plasma insulin response was measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. After treatment for approximately seven months with glucocorticosteroids, a reduced glucose tolerance and an increased plasma insulin response were found in one of these two patients. Four and a half months after the termination of steroid treatment, normal glucose tolerance and normal insulin responses were observed. In one patient, after several years of hypercorticism, a reduced glucose tolerance and a markedly reduced plasma insulin response were found.

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Inflammatory mediators in morbidly obese subjects: associations with glucose abnormalities and changes after oral glucose

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-09-0421 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 161 (3) ◽

pp. 451-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Dag Hofsø ◽

Thor Ueland ◽

Helle Hager ◽

Trond Jenssen ◽

Jens Bollerslev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Glucose

ObjectiveTo explore inflammatory mediators in morbidly obese (MO) subjects with various categories of glucose tolerance and to study the changes in these mediators after an oral glucose load.DesignCross-sectional and experimental study.MethodsA total of 144 MO subjects were classified into three categories: normal glucose tolerance (NGT); pre-diabetes; and new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) were included, as were 27 normal weight normoglycemic controls. Serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), visfatin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).ResultsFasting levels of leptin and IL-1Ra were consistently higher in obese persons (P<0.001 and P<0.05). MO subjects with NGT had higher CRP levels (P<0.001) and lower adiponectin levels (P<0.05) compared to controls. Yet when compared with MO subjects with NODM, those with NGT had lower CRP levels and higher adiponectin levels (both P<0.05). Baseline OPG and visfatin levels did not differ between the groups (P=0.326 and P=0.198). During OGTT, OPG levels decreased (P<0.001) and visfatin levels increased transiently (P=0.018). The response in OPG and visfatin did not differ between the groups (P=0.690 and P=0.170). There were minor changes in adiponectin and leptin levels.ConclusionsMorbid obesity and glucose intolerance were associated with lower adiponectin levels and higher CRP levels, thus supporting a relationship between obesity, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. Oral glucose suppressed OPG levels and transiently enhanced visfatin levels independent of obesity and glucose tolerance status, indicating that glucose may be involved in the acute regulation of these proteins.

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Genetic Polymorphisms of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: Alcohol Use and Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Men

Epidemiology Research International ◽

10.1155/2011/583682 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Guang Yin ◽

Keizo Ohnaka ◽

Makiko Morita ◽

Shinji Tabata ◽

Osamu Tajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Positive Association ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Glucose Tolerance Status

This study investigated the association of ADH1B (rs1229984) and ALDH2 (rs671) polymorphisms with glucose tolerance status, as determined by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and effect modification of these polymorphisms on the association between alcohol consumption and glucose intolerance in male officials of the Self-Defense Forces. The study subjects included 1520 men with normal glucose tolerance, 553 with prediabetic condition (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance), and 235 men with type 2 diabetes. There was an evident interaction between alcohol consumption and ADH1B polymorphism in relation to type 2 diabetes (interaction P=.03). The ALDH2487Lys allele was associated with a decreased prevalence odds of type 2 diabetes regardless of alcohol consumption. In conclusion, the ADH1B polymorphism modified the association between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes. A positive association between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes was confounded by ALDH2 polymorphism.

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Association between a biomarker of glucose spikes, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, and cancer mortality

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001607 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e001607

Author(s):

Sakurako Kira ◽

Chikako Ito ◽

Rumi Fujikawa ◽

Munechika Misumi

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Quartile Group ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Design And Methods ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Introduction1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a biomarker of glucose spikes. To evaluate the effect of acute glucose excursions on cancer death, we clarified the association between 1,5-AG and cancer mortality among Japanese individuals with normal glucose tolerance.Research design and methodsWe measured 1,5-AG in 6783 (2842 men, 3941 women) individuals with normal fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose who received a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test between 1994 and 2012. They were followed for mortality until August 2013. A systematic review of death certificates was used to confirm the cause of death. We divided the participants into four groups according to the quartile of 1,5-AG level at registration. We used Cox regression to clarify the association between 1,5-AG levels and cancer mortality with multivariate adjustment for possible confounders.ResultsDuring the follow-up period (median, 10.0 years), 140 men and 109 women died of cancer. The HR for cancer mortality of the lowest quartile group was higher than that of the highest quartile group in men (HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.60 to 4.41) and in women (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.88 to 2.47). These associations were not attenuated with further adjustment for HbA1c.Conclusions1,5-AG was associated with high risk of cancer mortality in Japanese men after adjustment for HbA1c.

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High prevalence of steroid-induced glucose intolerance with normal fasting glycaemia during low-dose glucocorticoid therapy: an oral glucose tolerance test screening study

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keaa724 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karolina M Nowak ◽

Monika Rdzanek-Pikus ◽

Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka ◽

Anna Nowakowska-Płaza ◽

Lucyna Papierska

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Normal Fasting Glucose ◽

History Of

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of new-onset glucose metabolism impairment using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients with normal fasting glycaemia on long-term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Methods An OGTT was performed in 150 patients without a previous history of pre-diabetes or diabetes who were diagnosed with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and treated with GCs >3 months. All participants underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation for risk factors of diabetes: age, sex, current and cumulative dose of steroids, treatment duration, waist circumference, BMI, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, fasting insulin concentration, family history of diabetes, CRP, 28-joint DAS with CRP, type of connective tissue disease and trunk fat percentage measured by DXA. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between the presence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the OGTT and analysed risk factors. Results A total of 102 patients (68%) had fully normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes, isolated impaired fasting glucose, isolated IGT and combined impaired fasting glucose + IGT was diagnosed in 3.3, 4.67, 19.33 and 4.67% of patients, respectively; 20% of participants had IGT or diabetes despite normal fasting glucose concentration. The median cumulative dose and current dose (5 mg) of GCs and treatment duration were similar compared with the normal glucose tolerance group. In a multivariate logistic regression model, only older age (particularly ≥50 years of age) and trunk fat percentage remained significant factors predicting IGT or diabetes in the OGTT. Conclusion New-onset GC-induced glucose intolerance, even in patients on long-term low-dose treatment, is prevalent despite normal fasting glucose concentration and patients should be screened with an OGTT despite the absence of classic risk factors of diabetes.

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Prediabetes in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72869-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 1164-1164

Author(s):

P. Manu ◽

C.U. Correll ◽

R. van Winkel ◽

M. Wampers ◽

M. De Hert

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Antipsychotic Drugs ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Antipsychotic Treatment ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Normal Glucose

BackgroundIn 2010, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) proposed that individuals with fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dl (5.6-6.9 mmol/l) or glucose 140–199 mg/dl (7.8–11.0 mmol/l) 2 hours after a 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGGT) or hemoglobin A1c (A1c) 5.7–6.4% be classified as prediabetic to indicate a high risk for the development of diabetes.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of prediabetes in psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotics and to compare the clinical and metabolic features of patients with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes and diabetes.MethodThe 2010 ADA criteria were applied to a large consecutive cohort of psychiatric patients treated at one institution in Belgium. All patients were evaluated with OGTT, A1c, insulin levels and lipid profiles.ResultsThe study sample was restricted to the 783 adult patients (mean age 37.6) without known history of diabetes. 413 (52.8%) patients had normal glucose tolerance, 290 (37%) were prediabetic and 80 (10.2%) were diabetic. The 3 groups were similar with regard to psychiatric diagnoses, severity of mental illness and antipsychotic treatment. A statistically significant crescendo gradient from normal to prediabetes and from prediabetes to diabetes was observed for age, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and triglyceride levels. The intergroups differences for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were confirmed for treatment with clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and amilsulpride, but not for aripiprazole or first-generation antipsychotics.ConclusionPrediabetes is highly prevalent in adults treated with antipsychotic drugs and correlates with markers of intraabdominal adiposity and insulin resistance.

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