scholarly journals Associations between Cognition and Hand Function in Older People Diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Karin Hesseberg ◽  
Gro Gujord Tangen ◽  
Are Hugo Pripp ◽  
Astrid Bergland
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Word List ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
List Learning

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The aim of this study was to examine the associations between different cognitive domains and hand function in older people diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study is cross-sectional, including 98 community-living older people aged ≥65 years with MCI or dementia. Assessments of hand function included grip strength, the Finger Tapping Test, and the Grooved Pegboard. Cognitive assessments were the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Clock Drawing Test, and Trail Making Tests A and B, as well as a 10-word List Learning Test. Statistical analyses were based on descriptive statistics and univariable and multivariable analyses. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Sixty participants were diagnosed with MCI and 38 were diagnosed with dementia. The mean age was 78.8 years (SD 7.4). Analyses of hand function, cognitive tests, and demographic factors showed an association between cognitive tests, in particular executive function (EF), and hand function. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The findings indicated an association between physical and cognitive function. Among the cognitive domains, declines in EF were most related to a reduced physical function.

Physical Fitness in Older People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hesseberg ◽  
Hege Bentzen ◽  
Anette Hylen Ranhoff ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
Astrid Bergland
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Older People ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Physical Independence

Maintenance of physical activity and good physical fitness is important for functional independence. This study had two aims: examine the physical fitness level in older persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, and examine the relationship between the components of physical fitness and cognitive domains in this group. The cross-sectional study included community-living older people ≥ 65 years of age with MCI or dementia. Physical fitness and cognition were assessed using the Senior Fitness Test and five cognitive tests. Most of the participants scored below the criteria for maintaining physical independence in later years. There were significant associations between the components of physical fitness and cognition, except flexibility. Declines in executive function were most related to declines in physical fitness. These factors should receive more attention in people with MCI and dementia because they risk losing independence.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rural Thai Older People, Associated Risk Factors and their Cognitive Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiranan Griffiths ◽  
Lakkana Thaikruea ◽  
Nahathai Wongpakaran ◽  
Peeraya Munkhetvit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Rural Thailand

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal cognition and dementia. A review showed that 10–15% of those with MCI annually progressed to Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with MCI as well as the characteristics of cognitive deficits among older people in rural Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 482 people who were 60 years old and over was conducted in northern Thailand. The assessments were administered by trained occupational therapists using demographic and health characteristics, Mental Status Examination Thai 10, Activities of Daily Living – Thai Assessment Scale, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B, Thai version). Results: The mean age of MCI was 68.3 ± 6.82 years, and most had an education ≤4 years. The prevalence of MCI in older people was 71.4% (344 out of 482), and it increased with age. Low education and diabetes mellitus (DM) were the significant risk factors associated with cognitive decline. Older people with MCI were more likely to have an education ≤4 years (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.21–2.51) and DM (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.36) than those who did not. The 3 most common cognitive impairments according to MoCA-B were executive function (86%), alternating attention (33.1%) and delayed recall (31.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of MCI in older Thai people in a rural area is high compared with that in other countries. The explanation might be due to low education and underlying disease associated with MCI. A suitable program that can reduce the prospects of MCI in rural Thailand is needed.

scholarly journals Performance of the NINDS-CSN 5-Minute Protocol in a National Population-Based Sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 856-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Kennedy ◽  
Virginia G. Wadley ◽  
Leslie A. McClure ◽  
Abraham J. Letter ◽  
Frederick W. Unverzagt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Word List ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
List Learning ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk ◽  
Regards Study

AbstractIn 2006, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network (NINDS-CSN) Vascular Cognitive Impairment Harmonization Standards recommended a 5-Minute Protocol as a brief screening instrument for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). We report demographically adjusted norms for the 5-Minute Protocol and its relation to other measures of cognitive function and cerebrovascular risk factors. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 7199 stroke-free adults in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study on the NINDS-CSN 5-Minute Protocol score. Total scores on the 5-Minute Protocol were inversely correlated with age and positively correlated with years of education, and performance on the Six-Item Screener, Word List Learning, and Animal Fluency (all p-values <.001). Higher cerebrovascular risk on the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) was associated with lower total 5-Minute Protocol scores (p <.001). The 5-Minute Protocol also differentiated between participants with and without confirmed stroke and with and without stroke symptom histories (p <.001). The NINDS-CSN 5-Minute Protocol is a brief, easily administered screening measure that is sensitive to cerebrovascular risk and offers a valid method of screening for cognitive impairment in populations at risk for VCI. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–12)

scholarly journals Utility of handgrip strength cut-offs for identification of weakness and disability in community-dwelling older people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Abdalla Teixeira ◽  
Felipe de Oliveira Silva ◽  
José Vinícius Alves Ferreira ◽  
Jéssica Plácido ◽  
Valeska Marinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
European Working

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the utility of handgrip strength cut-offs for the identification of weakness and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) disability in elderly people with neurocognitive disorders. Methods Cross-sectional study of community-dwelling elderly individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 40) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 22); healthy individuals (n = 36) were recruited as controls. Handgrip cut-offs included European Working Group for Sarcopenic Older People (EWGSOP2), Cardiovascular Healthy Study (CHS) and the Frailty in Brazilian Older People Study from Rio de Janeiro (FIBRA RJ) cut-offs. Handgrip strength indexes were calculated by dividing handgrip strength values by cut-off values and the weakness prevalence for each cut-off value was compared among groups. Correlation analyses were employed to evaluate the relationship between Lawton Scale and handgrip strength (crude value and indexes). Results All handgrip strength indexes were lower in the AD group (p < 0.05), whereas the prevalence of weakness was significantly higher in the AD group only when the CHS cut-off was applied (AD = 47.5%, MCI and control = 18.2%, p < 0.01). Significantly positive correlations were identified between the Lawton ADL scale and handgrip indexes for all cut-offs (p < 0.05), but not between Lawton scale and crude handgrip (p = 0.75). Conclusions Only the CHS cut-off allowed proper differentiation of the weakness prevalence between groups. In addition, adjusting handgrip strength values according to cut-offs was necessary to determine the correlation between strength and disability in cognitively impaired elderly individuals.

scholarly journals Relationships between Gait Regularity and Cognitive Function, including Cognitive Domains and Mild Cognitive Impairment, in Community-Dwelling Older People

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Takasuke Miyazaki ◽  
Ryoji Kiyama ◽  
Yuki Nakai ◽  
Masayuki Kawada ◽  
Yasufumi Takeshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Older People ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the correlations between gait regularity, cognitive functions including cognitive domains, and the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community-dwelling older people. This study included 463 older adults (63.4% women, mean age: 74.1), and their step and stride regularity along the three-axis components was estimated from trunk acceleration, which was measured by inertial measurement units during a comfortable gait. Four aspects of cognitive function were assessed using a tablet computer: attention, executive function, processing speed, and memory, and participants were classified into those with or without MCI. The vertical component of stride and step regularity was associated with attention and executive function (r = −0.176–−0.109, p ≤ 0.019), and processing speed (r = 0.152, p < 0.001), after it was adjusted for age and gait speed. The low vertical component of step regularity was related to the MCI after it was adjusted for covariates (OR 0.019; p = 0.016). The results revealed that cognitive function could affect gait regularity, and the vertical component of gait regularity, as measured by a wearable sensor, could play an important role in investigating cognitive decline in older people.

scholarly journals Subtle changes in daily functioning predict conversion from normal to mild cognitive impairment or dementia: an analysis of the NACC database

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2009-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milap A. Nowrangi ◽  
Paul B. Rosenberg ◽  
Jeannie-Marie S. Leoutsakos
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Subsequent Conversion

ABSTRACTBackground:There are relatively small but observable changes in functional ability in those without Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. The present study seeks to understand whether these individuals go on to develop MCI or dementia by assessing the association between baseline Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) and conversion independent and after adjustment for cognitive tests.Methods:The NACC database was used to conduct the analysis of which 7,625 participants were initially identified as having more than one visit and who were cognitively normal at their first visit. Cox proportional hazards were used to fit three models that controlled for executive and non-executive cognitive domains. A similar model was used to assess the effect of FAQ subcategories on conversion.Results:Of these individuals, 1,328 converted to either MCI or dementia by visit 10. Converters had a total visit 1 FAQ score significantly higher than non-converters indicating more functional impairment at baseline. After adjustment for cognitive tests, the association between visit 1 FAQ and subsequent conversion was not attenuated. Doing taxes, remembering dates, and traveling were individually identified as significant predictors of conversion.Conclusions:The FAQ can be used as an indirect measure of functional ability and is associated with conversion to MCI or dementia. There is a selective and significant association between changes in financial ability and conversion that is in accordance with other research of financial capacity.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Balance and Cognition in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Impairment, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gro Gujord Tangen ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
Astrid Bergland ◽  
Tron Anders Moger ◽  
Anne Marit Mengshoel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Postural Responses

Background Balance impairments are common in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), but which aspects of balance are affected, at which stage of cognitive impairment, and their associations with cognitive domains remain unexplored. Objectives The aims of this study were: (1) to explore differences in balance abilities among patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild AD, and moderate AD and (2) to examine the relationship between the various aspects of balance and cognitive domains. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods Home-dwelling patients with SCI or MCI (n=33), mild AD (n=99), and moderate AD (n=38) participated in this study. The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), comprising 6 subscales—“Biomechanical Constraints,” “Stability Limits/Verticality,” “Anticipatory Postural Adjustments,” “Postural Responses,” “Sensory Orientation,” and “Stability in Gait”—was used to assess balance. Cognitive domains were assessed using the following measures: Mini-Mental Status Examination, Word-List Learning Test from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Verbal Fluency Test, Clock Drawing Test, and Trail Making Test, parts A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B, respectively). Two-way between-group analyses of variance, adjusted for age, were used to analyze differences among the groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the associations between balance and cognition. Results Differences were found between the groups on all BESTest subscales; the moderate AD group had the worst scores. The TMT-B (measuring executive function) was associated with all of the BESTest subscales after controlling for demographic factors. Limitations The cross-sectional design hampered interpretation of the development of balance impairments. Conclusions The study findings indicate that all aspects of balance control deteriorate with increasing severity of cognitive impairment and that executive function plays an important role in balance control. Physical therapists should pay attention to these findings both in clinical practice and in future research.

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