scholarly journals Role of Immunotherapy in Pulmonary Angiosarcoma: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 797-801
Author(s):  
Quang Tien Nguyen ◽  
Anh Tuan Pham ◽  
Thuy Thi Nguyen ◽  
Tam Thi Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Ky Van Le
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Excellent Response ◽  
First Case

Pulmonary angiosarcoma is a rare clinical entity with a poor prognosis and no established therapeutic strategies. We present the first case to our knowledge of metastatic pulmonary angiosarcoma, treated with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, and have an excellent response. Until now, patient has been treated with immunotherapy for 1 year, and his disease is stable and well-tolerated.

scholarly journals Bronchoesophageal fistula secondary to esophageal diverticulum in an adult: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 030006052199223
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Zhang ◽  
Hongmei Jiao ◽  
Xinmin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Esophageal Diverticulum ◽  
Bronchoesophageal Fistula ◽  
Fatal Complications

Esophageal diverticulum with secondary bronchoesophageal fistula is a rare clinical entity that manifests as respiratory infections, coughing during eating or drinking, hemoptysis, and sometimes fatal complications. In the present study, we describe a case of bronchoesophageal fistula emanating from esophageal diverticulum in a 45-year-old man who presented with bronchiectasis. We summarize the characteristics of this rare condition based on a review of the relevant literature.

scholarly journals Recent Advancements in the Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Immunotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Yu Yuan ◽  
Abdalla Adam ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Honglei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Immunosuppressive Factor

Release of immunoreactive negative regulatory factors such as immune checkpoint limits antitumor responses. PD-L1 as a significant immunosuppressive factor has been involved in resistance to therapies such as chemotherapy and target therapy in various cancers. Via interacting with PD-1, PD-L1 can regulate other factors or lead to immune evasion of cancer cells. Besides, immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has promising therapeutic efficacy in the different tumors, but a significant percentage of patients cannot benefit from this therapy due to primary and acquired resistance during treatment. In this review, we described the utility of PD-L1 expression levels for predicting poor prognosis in some tumors and present evidence for a role of PD-L1 in resistance to therapies through PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and other correlating signaling pathways. Afterwards, we elaborate the key mechanisms underlying resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, promising combination of therapeutic strategies for patients resistant to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy or other therapies associated with PD-L1 expression was also summarized.

scholarly journals Role of dendritic cell metabolic reprogramming in tumor immune evasion

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Plebanek ◽  
Michael Sturdivant ◽  
Nicholas C DeVito ◽  
Brent A Hanks
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Combination Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Immune Evasion ◽  
Effector T Cell ◽  
Cell Responses

Abstract The dendritic cell (DC) is recognized as a vital mediator of anti-tumor immunity. More recent studies have also demonstrated the important role of DCs in the generation of effective responses to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Metabolic programming of DCs dictates their functionality and can determine which DCs become immunostimulatory versus those that develop a tolerized phenotype capable of actively suppressing effector T-cell responses to cancers. As a result, there is great interest in understanding what mechanisms have evolved in cancers to alter these metabolic pathways, thereby allowing for their continued progression and metastasis. The therapeutic strategies developed to reverse these processes of DC tolerization in the tumor microenvironment represent promising candidates for future testing in combination immunotherapy clinical trials.

scholarly journals Key-Gaskell syndrome in Brazil: first case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046-1050
Author(s):  
B.B.J. Torres ◽  
G.C. Martins ◽  
P.E. Ferian ◽  
B.C. Martins ◽  
M.A. Rachid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Autonomic Ganglia ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World

Feline dysautonomia is a devastating disease characterized by neuronal degeneration in autonomic ganglia that results in clinical signs related to dysfunction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The cause is unknown and this disease has a poor prognosis and no definitive treatment. Most reports have been described in few countries around the world, but the prevalence may be underestimated in countries like Brazil. This study describes the progression and clinicopathological changes of dysautonomia in a 17-month-old female Brazilian shorthair cat.

scholarly journals Intraoperative Treatment of Duct of Luschka during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Case Report and Revision of Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Luigi Masoni ◽  
Leandro Landi ◽  
Riccardo Maglio
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bile Leak ◽  
Bile Leakage ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Endoscopic Clip ◽  
First Case ◽  
Duct Of Luschka ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background. Bile leakage still remains a serious complication during cholecystectomies. In limited cases, this complication may occur from injury of the so-called ducts of Luschka. These rare ducts are usually discovered intraoperatively, and their presence poses the risk of bile injury and clinically significant bile leak. Presentation Case. We present a unique case of a 59-year-old male patient with acute cholecystitis. After removal of the gallbladder, thorough inspection of the hepatic bed was made and a little bile leak was identified from a duct of Luschka 1 cm away from the gallbladder hilum. We report on the use of endoscopic QuickClip Pro® clips (Olympus Medical Systems Corp., Tokyo, Japan) to avoid further more invasive treatment. Discussion. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy played a crucial role for diagnosis and treatment of bile leaks with success rate near 94%. Many authors have argued the role of relaparoscopy, Diagnosis may be intraoperatively but this option does not seem to occur very often; in fact, there is a lack of data in literature. Conclusion. This is the first case report of bile leak from duct of Luschka treated during the cholecystectomies with endoscopic clip.

scholarly journals Primary Lymphangioma of the Tonsil: A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios G. Balatsouras ◽  
Alexandros Fassolis ◽  
George Koukoutsis ◽  
Panayotis Ganelis ◽  
Antonis Kaberos
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
White Male ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
The Right

Benign tumors of the tonsils occur infrequently. Lymphangiomas are rare congenital tumors of the lymphatic system, and tonsillar lymphangioma is an extremely rare occurrence. Its pathogenesis is uncertain, but history, clinical examination, and histological examination should establish the diagnosis. We present a 17-year-old white male with lymphangioma of the right tonsil. The tonsils were excised and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Tonsillar lymphangioma is a rare clinical entity, which should be known to the otolaryngologist, in order to diagnose and treat it appropriately and avoid confusion with tonsillar malignancies.

Alternaria-Associated Fungus Ball of Orbit Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: Case Report of a Rare Clinical Entity

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Pesic ◽  
Suzana Otasevic ◽  
Dragan Mihailovic ◽  
Sladjana Petrovic ◽  
Valentina Arsic-Arsenijevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Fungus Ball ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Nose And Paranasal Sinuses

scholarly journals A metallic ring penile foreign body causing penile strangulation: a rare case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Shivalingaiah Maregowda ◽  
Suraj Muralidhar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Penile Strangulation ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Metallic Ring

Strangulation of penis is a rare clinical entity, which requires urgent urological management to prevent its devastating outcomes. The treatment of penile strangulation is immediate decompression of the constricted penis to facilitate free blood flow. Many different techniques have been described in literature to remove the constricting penile foreign bodies, but there is no universally accepted technique. Each case needs individualized handling in removing the foreign body. The procedure should be done with as little discomfort to the patient as possible and under anesthesia. Here we present to you a case report on a rare case of a metallic ring penile foreign body causing penile strangulation.

scholarly journals A rare presentation of genital self-mutilation in a patient of schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Md. Omar Tabrez ◽  
Md. Tabrez Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Psychiatric State ◽  
Type Of Injury

Genital self-mutilation (GSM) is an uncommon self-inflicted injury. GSM is not a single clinical entity, and it can occur in any psychiatric state or condition. The instruments that are used for self-mutilation can vary, and treatment of these injuries requires a detailed clinical evaluation and multi-disciplinary approach. We report here a case report of a 28-year-old psychotic man who came to our emergency with complaint of self-hammered nails in his both scrotum with fear of not able to reproduce child after marriage. He underwent surgical removal of nail under local anaesthesia and was promptly reviewed by the psychiatrists who managed appropriately. To our knowledge this is the first case reported in literature and the rarest type of injury presented as a bilateral scrotal self-mutilation as should be managed wisely.

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