scholarly journals The risk of cirrhosis and its complications based on PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele frequency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Shao ◽  
Haruki Uojima ◽  
Taeang Arai ◽  
Yuji Ogawa ◽  
Toru Setsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Background Data

Background: Data regarding the influence of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) polymorphism for patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) are scarce. Objective: This study assesses the role of the PNPLA3 polymorphism for the development of LC and its complications by the findings of genetic examinations. Methods: Patients with LC caused by virus (n = 157), alcohol (n = 104), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (n = 106), or autoimmune disease (n = 33) and without LC (n = 128) were enrolled. LC were composed of the present and absent of complications, such as variceal bleeding, hepatic ascites, and/or hepatic encephalopathy. To assess the role of the PNPLA3 polymorphism, odds ratio (OR) for the rs738409 variant was calculated for the patients between (i) with LC and without LC in the entire cohort, and (ii) the present and absent of complications in the patients with LC. Results: There was a significant difference among the patients without LC and those with alcohol, NAFLD related LC in the frequency of G alleles (p < 0.001, both). According to complications of LC, the OR for NAFLD related cirrhosis significantly increased in the presence of the two mutated alleles (OR = 3.165; p = 0.046) when the wild type was used as the reference. However, there were no significant risks for the complications in the virus and alcohol related cirrhosis unless there was a presence of G alleles. Conclusion: The PNPLA3 polymorphism was associated with the risk of NAFLD related LC and its complications.

scholarly journals The impact of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 in cirrhosis related complications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Uojima ◽  
Xue Shao ◽  
Taeang Arai ◽  
Yuji ogawa ◽  
Toru Setsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fibrosis Progression ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
The Impact

Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) and transmembrane 6-superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) polymorphisms have major impact for fibrosis due to steatohepatitis. However, there are scant data about correlations between cirrhosis-related complications and the polymorphisms of these genes. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms in fibrosis progression for patients with liver cirrhosis. A multicenter study was performed at six hospitals in Japan enrolling 400 patients with liver cirrhosis caused by virus (n = 157), alcohol (n = 104), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (n = 106), or autoimmune disease (n = 33). These cirrhotic patients included those with complications of variceal bleeding, hepatic ascites, and/or hepatic encephalopathy and those without. To assess the role of the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms in patients with cirrhosis related complications, we calculated the odds ratio and relative risk for the rs738409 and rs58542926 polymorphisms. We also accessed whether or not the interaction between these two polymorphisms contributed to cirrhosis related complications. As a result, the odds ratio for complications in the NAFLD group significantly increased in the presence of the rs738409 GG genotype when the CC genotype was used as the reference. There were no significant risks between complications and the presence of the rs738409 G allele in the virus or alcohol groups. There were no significant risks of complications in the frequency of the rs58542926 T polymorphism regardless of the etiology of liver cirrhosis. The interaction between the trs738409 and rs58542926 polymorphisms had the highest odds ratio of 2.415 for complications in the rs738409 GG + rs58542926 (CT+TT) group when rs738409 (CC+CG) + TM6SF2 CC was used as the reference in the NAFLD group.

scholarly journals Role of gut microbiota in liver disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. G84-G98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaya A. M. Albhaisi ◽  
Jasmohan S. Bajaj ◽  
Arun J. Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Normal Composition

The gut microbiome is the natural intestinal inhabitant that has been recognized recently as a major player in the maintenance of human health and the pathophysiology of many diseases. Those commensals produce metabolites that have various effects on host biological functions. Therefore, alterations in the normal composition or diversity of microbiome have been implicated in various diseases, including liver cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that progression of dysbiosis can be associated with worsening of liver disease. Here, we review the possible roles for gut microbiota in the development, progression, and complication of liver disease.

scholarly journals A Positive Relationship between Betel Nut Chewing and Significant Liver Fibrosis in NAFLD Subjects, but Not in Non-NAFLD Ones

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Yu-Tsung Chou ◽  
Chung-Hao Li ◽  
Zih-Jie Sun ◽  
Wei-Chen Shen ◽  
Yi-Ching Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Betel Nut Chewing ◽  
Significant Liver Fibrosis

Background: Betel nut chewing is associated with oral cancer, cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to explore the association of betel nut chewing with liver fibrosis in subjects with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Method: A total of 5967 subjects were enrolled. NAFLD was diagnosed with ultrasonography. Betel nut chewing was classified into non-chewing, ex-chewing, and current chewing, and cumulative dosages were calculated. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/platelet ratio index and NAFLD fibrosis scores (NFS) were calculated for evaluation of liver fibrosis. Results: NAFLD increased the associated risk of liver fibrosis in those with (odds ratio (OR): 5.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.09–9.80) and without betel nut chewing (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.64–3.29). In subjects without NAFLD, betel nut chewing was not associated with liver fibrosis (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.44–2.86). In subjects with NAFLD, cumulative betel nut chewing and ex- and current chewing were positively associated with NFS and significant liver fibrosis. Conclusions: In subjects with NAFLD, betel nut chewing, even ex-chewing, was associated with a higher risk of liver fibrosis, where higher cumulative levels were found to increase the risk of significant liver fibrosis. However, the associated risk of liver fibrosis due to betel nut chewing was insignificant in subjects without NAFLD.

scholarly journals Role of Docosahexaenoic Acid Treatment in Improving Liver Histology in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e88005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Nobili ◽  
Guido Carpino ◽  
Anna Alisi ◽  
Rita De Vito ◽  
Antonio Franchitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Liver Histology ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

scholarly journals Role of folate in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1141-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Sid ◽  
Yaw L. Siow ◽  
Karmin O
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of chronic liver conditions that are characterized by steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and liver injury. The global prevalence of NAFLD is rapidly increasing in proportion to the rising incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Because NAFLD is a multifaceted disorder with many underlying metabolic abnormalities, currently, there is no pharmacological agent that is therapeutically approved for the treatment of this disease. Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin that plays an essential role in one-carbon transfer reactions involved in nucleic acid biosynthesis, methylation reactions, and sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism. The liver is the primary organ responsible for storage and metabolism of folates. Low serum folate levels have been observed in patients with obesity and diabetes. It has been reported that a low level of endogenous folates in rodents perturbs folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism, and may be associated with development of metabolic diseases such as NAFLD. This review highlights the biological role of folate in the progression of NAFLD and its associated metabolic complications including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Understanding the role of folate in metabolic disease may position this vitamin as a potential therapeutic for NAFLD.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyue Zhang ◽  
Yao Tang ◽  
Juan Huang ◽  
Hong Ren ◽  
Yixuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a kind of chronic liver disease among general population. Recent years, more and more new experiments have made the role of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) become clearer. In this meta-analysis, we analyzed the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods We searched the Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane library databases for relavent studies published before March 1, 2019. We examined 134 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effectiveness of UDCA in NAFLD against placebo or other treatments. Next, we conducted meta-analysis by Stata(version 12.0) to examine the change among several indices: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), Alkaline phosphatase (AP), total bilirubin and albumin. Results Following the application of different inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 articles with 1106 participants were finally selected. The forest plot displayed that UDCA treatment can significantly decrease the ALT levels among the NAFLD patients (SMD=0.17,95%CI [0.03 to 0.3], P=0.07). However, UDCA treatment did not significantly affect the AST, GGT, AP, total bilirubin and albumin levels. Further, the subgroup analyses suggested the significant role of UDCA treatment in different geographical regions, age group and treatment duration (P=0.003 in people from Europe, P=0.001 in people older than 50 years and P=0.008 in longer duration(>6 months)). Conclusion In this study, several indices we analyzed among 9 articles. UDCA treatment was found beneficial in lowering the ALT levels in NAFLD patients. The remaining indices like AST, GGT, AP showed non-significant changes in this analysis. This could be attributed for the insufficient number of trials because all parameters were not analyzed in each individual RCT. Therefore, future meta-analysis will be required to fully confirm and validate the efficacy of UDCA in NAFL.

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