Hybrid multiple watermarking technique for securing medical images of modalities MRI, CT scan, and X-ray

In order to contribute to the security of sharing and transferring medical images, we had presented a multiple watermarking technique for multiple protections; it was based on the combination of three transformations: the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), the fast Walsh-Hadamard transform (FWHT) and, the singular value decomposition (SVD). In this paper, three watermark images of sizes 512x 512 were inserted into a single medical image of various modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and X-Radiation (X-ray). After applying DWT up to the third level on the original image, the high-resolution sub-bands were being selected subsequently to apply FWHT and then SVD. The singular values of the three watermark images were inserted into the singular values of the cover medical image. The experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of quality and robustness compared to other reported techniques cited in the literature.

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Multiple Watermarking for Healthcare Applications

Journal of Intelligent Systems ◽

10.1515/jisys-2016-0036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 5-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Aditi Zear ◽

Amit Kumar Singh ◽

Pardeep Kumar

Keyword(s):

Medical Image ◽

Back Propagation ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Singular Values ◽

Back Propagation Neural Network ◽

Gain Factor ◽

Singular Value ◽

Discrete Wavelet ◽

Healthcare Applications ◽

Value Decomposition

AbstractIn this paper, an algorithm for multiple digital watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) was proposed for healthcare applications such as tele-ophthalmology, tele-medicine, tele-diagnosis, and tele-consultancy services. Multiple watermarks were used in this algorithm to reduce the consequences of medical identity thefts. In the embedding process, the cover medical image was decomposed into third-level DWT. Low-frequency bands (LH2 and LL3) were transformed by DCT, and then SVD was applied to DCT coefficients. Two watermarks in the form of images were also transformed by DCT and then SVD. The singular values of the watermark information were embedded in the singular value of the cover medical image. Watermarks were extracted using an extraction algorithm. In order to enhance the robustness performance of the image watermarks, back-propagation neural network was applied to the extracted watermarks to reduce the effects of different noise applied on the watermarked image. Results were obtained by varying the gain factor and the different cover image modalities. Experimental results were provided to illustrate that the proposed method is able to withstand a variety of signal processing attacks, and has been found to give excellent performance in terms of robustness and imperceptibility. The performance of the method was also compared with other reported techniques. Further, the visual quality of the proposed method was also evaluated by a subjective method.

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A Robust Medical Images Watermarking Using FDCuT-DCT-SVD

International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems ◽

10.22266/ijies2020.1231.24 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 266-278

Author(s):

Ledya Novamizanti ◽

◽

Ida Wahidah ◽

Ni Wardana ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Singular Value Decomposition ◽

Discrete Cosine Transform ◽

High Frequency ◽

Medical Image ◽

Medical Images ◽

Singular Values ◽

Singular Value ◽

Watermark Image ◽

Value Decomposition

One way to prevent image duplication is by applying watermarking techniques. In this work, the watermarking process is applied to medical images using the Fast Discrete Curvelet Transforms (FDCuT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) methods. The medical image of the host is transformed using FDCuT so that three subbands are obtained. High Frequency (HF) subband selected for DCT and SVD applications. Meanwhile, SVD was also applied to the watermark image. The singular value on the host image is exchanged with the singular value on the watermark. Insertion of tears by exchanging singular values does not cause the quality of medical images to decrease significantly. The experimental results prove that the proposed FDCuT-DCT-SVD algorithm produces good imperceptibility. The proposed algorithm is also resistant to various types of attacks, including JPEG compression, noise enhancement attacks, filtering attacks, and other common attacks.

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A FRT - SVD Based Blind Medical Watermarking Technique for Telemedicine Applications

International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics ◽

10.4018/ijdcf.2019040102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 13-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Surekah Borra ◽

Rohit Thanki

Keyword(s):

Medical Image ◽

Medical Images ◽

Image Watermarking ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Singular Value ◽

Ridgelet Transform ◽

X Ray ◽

Simulation Results ◽

The Individual ◽

Value Decomposition

In this article, a blind and robust medical image watermarking technique based on Finite Ridgelet Transform (FRT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is proposed. A host medical image is first transformed into 16 × 16 non-overlapping blocks and then ridgelet transform is applied on the individual blocks to obtain sets of ridgelet coefficients. SVD is then applied on these sets, to obtain the corresponding U, S and V matrix. The watermark information is embedded into the host medical image by modification of the value of the significant elements of U matrix. This proposed technique is tested on various types of medical images such as X-ray and CT scan. The simulation results revealed that this technique provides better imperceptibility, with an average PSNR being 42.95 dB for all test medical images. This technique also overcomes the limitation of the existing technique which is applicable on only the Region of Interest (ROI) of the medical image.

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The Assessment of the Condition of Knee Joint Surfaces with Acoustic Emission Analysis

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21196495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (19) ◽

pp. 6495

Author(s):

Bartłomiej Sawaryn ◽

Natalia Piaseczna ◽

Szymon Sieciński ◽

Rafał Doniec ◽

Konrad Duraj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Knee Injury ◽

Knee Joints ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Emission Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Joint Surfaces ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Leg Movements ◽

Acoustic Emission Analysis

The knee joint, being the largest joint in the human body, is responsible for a great percentage of leg movements. The diagnosis of the state of knee joints is usually based on X-ray scan, ultrasound imaging, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or arthroscopy. In this study, we aimed to create an inexpensive, portable device for recording the sound produced by the knee joint, and a dedicated application for its analysis. During the study, we examined fourteen volunteers of different ages, including those who had a knee injury. The device effectively enables the recording of the sounds produced by the knee joint, and the spectral analysis used in the application proved its reliability in evaluating the knee joint condition.

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A Unified Approach towards Multimedia Watermarking

Digital Rights Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2136-7.ch018 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 376-399

Author(s):

Ali Al-Haj ◽

Ahmad Mohammad ◽

Samir Abou El-Seoud ◽

Tuqa Manasrah ◽

Lama Rajab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Digital Watermarking ◽

Singular Values ◽

Discrete Wavelet ◽

Digital Multimedia ◽

The Media ◽

Value Decomposition ◽

Multimedia Watermarking ◽

Dual Transform

The tremendous advancement of digital technology has increased the ease with which digital multimedia signals (image, video, audio) are stored, transmitted, and reproduced. Consequently, the content providers and owners are faced with problems of protection against copyright violation and other forms of abuse to their digital property. Digital watermarking has been proposed in the last decade as a solution to prevent illegal and malicious copying and distribution of digital media by embedding an unnoticeable information into the media content. This chapter describes three imperceptible and robust watermarking algorithms for different types of multimedia objects (image, video, audio). The three algorithms are based on cascading two powerful mathematical transforms; the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The two transforms are different, and thus provide complementary levels of robustness against the same attack. In the proposed dual-transform algorithms, the watermark bits are not embedded directly on the wavelet coefficients, but rather on the elements of singular values of the DWT sub-bands of the multimedia object. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated through extensive experimentation.

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Chemical Modifications of Porous Shape Memory Polymers for Enhanced X-ray and MRI Visibility

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25204660 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (20) ◽

pp. 4660

Author(s):

Grace K. Fletcher ◽

Landon D. Nash ◽

Lance M. Graul ◽

Lindy K. Jang ◽

Scott M. Herting ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shape Memory ◽

Medical Devices ◽

Shape Memory Polymer ◽

Shape Memory Polymers ◽

Tissue Scaffolds ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Clinical Imaging ◽

X Ray ◽

Device Development ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The goal of this work was to develop a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam with visibility under both X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities. A porous polymeric material with these properties is desirable in medical device development for applications requiring thermoresponsive tissue scaffolds with clinical imaging capabilities. Dual modality visibility was achieved by chemically incorporating monomers with X-ray visible iodine-motifs and MRI visible monomers with gadolinium content. Physical and thermomechanical characterization showed the effect of increased gadopentetic acid (GPA) on shape memory behavior. Multiple compositions showed brightening effects in pilot, T1-weighted MR imaging. There was a correlation between the polymeric density and X-ray visibility on expanded and compressed SMP foams. Additionally, extractions and indirect cytocompatibility studies were performed to address toxicity concerns of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). This material platform has the potential to be used in a variety of medical devices.

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Complete Palmar Dislocation of the Lunate in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80210-4 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 384-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. ARNER ◽

K. JONSSON ◽

P. ASPENBERG

Keyword(s):

Bone Structure ◽

Bone Cells ◽

X Rays ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Rheumatoid Patient ◽

X Ray ◽

Normal Bone ◽

Cellular Events ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Mri Changes

We report a case of complete palmar dislocation of the lunate in a rheumatoid patient. X-rays showed a normal bone structure of the lunate without sclerosis or collapse and on MRI an almost normal signal intensity was found. The lunate was removed. Histological examination showed complete necrosis of both marrow and bone cells, and tetracycline labelling showed no fluorescence. This case illustrates that neither X-ray nor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect complete bone necrosis. When X-ray or MRI changes do occur, these are indications of cellular events following some degree of spontaneous revascularization.

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Using Tomographic Medical Images as Objects of Portrait Examination

Actual Problems of Russian Law ◽

10.17803/1994-1471.2019.107.10.142-145 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 142-145

Author(s):

G. V. Cherepenko

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Medical Images ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Examination Technique ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Practical Recommendations ◽

Mri Image ◽

Expert Practice

The paper provides an example from expert practice, during which a head image obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used as a sample. It is proposed to include an MRI image in a number of objects and samples considered by the current portrait examination technique. The nature of the suitability of such an object for the production of portrait examination is determined. Practical recommendations are given for working with the appropriate software to get the most visual picture.

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Robust and Secured Medical Image Watermarking Using Daub4 and CoAST Transforms

Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics ◽

10.1166/jmihi.2018.2513 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1857-1864

Author(s):

V. Kavitha ◽

C. Palanisamy ◽

T. Sureshkumar

Keyword(s):

Medical Image ◽

Medical Images ◽

Image Watermarking ◽

Singular Values ◽

Jpeg Compression ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Watermark Image ◽

Shearlet Transform ◽

Medical Image Watermarking ◽

Hybrid Watermarking

A hybrid watermarking technique using wavelet and Shearlet transform is proposed in this paper. The DWT variant Daub4 transform model is applied on the medical image to generate different frequency sub-bands. The HL and LH sub-bands which are resistant to compression attacks are chosen for second level of transformation, a DST variant 'Cone adaptive Shearlet transform' technique is used to calculate the Shearlet coefficients of the selected sub-bands. By using SVD on the Shearlet coefficients, the singular values of watermark image are embedded into the singular values of the host image. The proposed approach is examined using three medical images and a watermark image. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is robust against JPEG compression, Geometric and Noise attacks.

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