scholarly journals An Accurate Performance Analysis of Hybrid Efficient and Reliable MAC Protocol in VANET under Non-saturated Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram A. Almohammedi ◽  
Nor K. Noordin ◽  
A. Sali ◽  
Fazirulhisyam Hashim ◽  
Abdulmalek Al-Hemyari
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Safety Applications

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a technology supporting two types of applications, safety and service applications with higher and lower priorities respectively. Thereby, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is designed to provide reliable and efficient data broadcasting based on prioritization. Different from the IEEE 1609.4 (legacy), HER-MAC protocol is a new multi-channel MAC proposed for VANETs, offering remarkable performance with regards to safety applications transmission. This paper focuses on the analysis of packet delivery ratio of the HER-MAC protocol under non-saturated conditions. 1-D and 2-D Markov chains have been developed for safety and non-safety applications respectively, to evaluate mathematically the performance of HER-MAC protocol. The presented work has taken into account the freezing of the backoff timer for both applications and the backoff stages along with short retry limit for non-safety applications in order to meet the IEEE 802.11p specifications. It highlights that taking these elements into consideration are important in modeling the system, to provide an accurate estimation of the channel access, and guarantees that no packet is served indefinitely. More precise results of the system packet delivery ratio have been yield. The probability of successful transmission and collisions were derived and used to compute the packet delivery ratio. The simulation results validate the analytical results of our models and indicate that the performance of our models outperformed the existing models in terms of the packet delivery ratio under different number of vehicles and contention window.

scholarly journals Integration of WiFi With WiMAX Technology in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
C. Kumuthini ◽  
A. Nirmala ◽  
K. Gomathy
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ieee 802.16 ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Wireless Access Networks ◽  
Ieee 802.16E ◽  
Packet Delivery

Wireless access networks based on IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 have become very popular in providing different data services. In this paper our first goal is to design and implement an integrated Wimax and Wi-Fi network and compare two of the most promising infrastructure-based wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.16e standard and upcoming IEEE 802.11p standard. We investigate, through simulation, the potential and limitations of both technologies as a communication media for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. The performance of the two systems is evaluated for delay, packet delivery ratio, and throughput. This research work is to integrated of WiFi with WiMAX technology in an Vehicular Ad-hoc and evaluate the performance using the NS2.31 simulator. To improve the packet delivery ratio, and End-to-End delay the proposed system is implemented using Wi-Fi with WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) routing technique. we conclude that, the comparsion results shows integration of WiFi with WiMAX will produce better result when compared the existing schemes.

scholarly journals 802.11p Profile Adaptive MAC Protocol for Non-Safety Messages on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Shamsul J Elias ◽  
M. Elshaikh ◽  
M. Yusof Darus ◽  
Jamaluddin Jasmis ◽  
Angela Amphawan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Congestion Control ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

<p>Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) play a vital Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) correspondence frameworks where vehicle are convey by communicating and conveying data transmitted among each other. Because of both high versatility and high unique network topology, congestion control should be executed distributedly. Optimizing the congestion control in term of delay rate, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and throughput could limit the activity of data packet transmissions. These have not been examined altogether so far – but rather this characteristic will be fundamental for VANET system execution and network system performance. This paper exhibits a novel strategy for congestion control and data transmission through Service Control Channel (SCH) in VANET. The Taguchi strategy has been connected in getting the optimize value of parameter for congstion control in highway environment. This idea lessens the pointless activity of data transmission and decreases the likelihood of congested in traffic in view of execution for measuring the delay rate, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and throughput. The proposed execution performance is estimated with the typical VANET environment in V2I topology in highway driving conditions and the simulation results demonstrate and enhance network execution performance with effective data transmission capacity.</p>

Medium Access Protocols for Cooperative Collision Avoidance in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 354-375
Author(s):  
Md. Imrul Hassan ◽  
Hai L. Vu ◽  
Taka Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Safety Applications

It is envisaged that supporting vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications with a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) can improve road safety and increase transportation efficiency. Among the candidate applications of VANETs, cooperative collision avoidance (CCA) has attracted considerable interest as it can significantly improve road safety. Due to the ad hoc nature of these highly dynamic networks, no central coordination or handshaking protocol can be assumed and safety applications must broadcast information of interest to many surrounding cars by sharing a single channel in a distributed manner. This gives rise to one of the key challenges in vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems, namely, the development of an efficient and reliable medium access control (MAC) protocol for CCA. In this chapter, we provide an overview of proposed MAC protocols for VANETs and describe current standardization activities. We then focus on the performance of the IEEE 802.11 carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) based MAC protocol that is being standardized by the IEEE standards body for VANET applications. In particular, we review prominent existing analytical models and study their advantages, disadvantages and their suitability for performance evaluation of the MAC protocol for VANETs. After a discussion of the shortcomings of these models, we develop a new analytical model in the second half of the chapter. Explicit expressions are derived for the mean and standard deviation of the packet delay, as well as for the packet delivery ratio (PDR) at the MAC layer in an unsaturated network formed by moving vehicles on a highway. We validate the analytical results using extensive simulations and show that good accuracy can be achieved with the proposed model for a range of topologies and traffic load conditions. More importantly, using the model, we show that hidden terminals can have a severe, detrimental impact on the PDR, which may compromise the reliability required for safety applications.

Designing and Implementing a Lightweight WSN MAC Protocol for Smart Home Networking Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Han Chen ◽  
Ming-Yi Lin ◽  
Wen-Hung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Packet Delivery

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent a promising solution in the fields of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine networks for smart home applications. However, to feasibly deploy wireless sensor devices in a smart home environment, four key requirements must be satisfied: stability, compatibility, reliability routing, and performance and power balance. In this study, we focus on the unreliability problem of the IEEE 802.15.4 WSN medium access control (MAC), which is caused by the contention-based MAC protocol used for channel access. This problem results in a low packet delivery ratio, particularly in a smart home network with only a few sensor nodes. In this paper, we first propose a lightweight WSN protocol for a smart home or an intelligent building, thus replacing the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, which is highly complex and has a low packet delivery ratio. Subsequently, we describe the development of a discrete event system model for the WSN by using a GRAFCET and propose a development platform based on a reconfigurable FPGA for reducing fabrication cost and time. Finally, a prototype WSN controller ASIC chip without an extra CPU and with our proposed lightweight MAC was developed and tested. It enhanced the packet delivery ratio by up to 100%.

scholarly journals Vehicle Density Based Forwarding Protocol for Safety Message Broadcast in VANET

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Huang ◽  
Yi Huang ◽  
Jianxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
Vehicle Density ◽  
Multihop Broadcast ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
Safety Applications

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), the medium access control (MAC) protocol is of great importance to provide time-critical safety applications. Contemporary multihop broadcast protocols in VANETs usually choose the farthest node in broadcast range as the forwarder to reduce the number of forwarding hops. However, in this paper, we demonstrate that the farthest forwarder may experience large contention delay in case of high vehicle density. We propose an IEEE 802.11-based multihop broadcast protocol VDF to address the issue of emergency message dissemination. To achieve the tradeoff between contention delay and forwarding hops, VDF adaptably chooses the forwarder according to the vehicle density. Simulation results show that, due to its ability to decrease the transmission collisions, the proposed protocol can provide significantly lower broadcast delay.

scholarly journals Mobility Aware Co-operative MAC Protocol for Reliable Transmission in VANET

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Protocol Design ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Error Rate ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
V2v Communication

The Medium Access Control (MAC) etiquette is liable for partaking the communal medium amongst the competing nodules. The unique characteristics of VANET enforce many restrictions onto the MAC protocol design. The main aims of a VANET MAC protocol are fairness, Quality of Service (QoS), reliability and so on. In case of V2V communication in VANET, if the target vehicle is not reachable, then packets may not be transmitted correctly. In this paper, a Mobility Aware Cooperative MAC protocol (MAC-MAC) for successful transmission in VANET is proposed. In this protocol, when data is transmitted from V2V, the packet error rate (PER) and packet delivery ratio (PDR) metrics are checked at the receiver end. Depending on these values, the transmission mode of the source is changed as DIRECT or COOPERATIVE. In cooperative mode, the source selects the potential relay nodes based on the residence time and distance to the receiver. By experimental results, it is shown that the proposed MAC-MAC protocol has reduced packet drops, delay and overhead with increased packet delivery ratio.

Research of Improvement of GPSR Protocol in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 1115-1118
Author(s):  
Li Cui Zhang ◽  
Xiao Nan Zhu ◽  
Zhi Gang Wang ◽  
Guang Hui Han
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packet ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Hoc Networks

Considering the shortcoming of the traditional Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol in the Vehicular Ad hoc Networks ,this paper focuses on an improved GPSR protocol based on the density of vehicle flow .This new scheme includes macro-directing algorithm , micro-forwarding strategy and the maintenance of the neighbor list.The simulation result shows that compared with the traditional GPSR protocol, the new GPSR protocol improves data packet delivery ratio, but its average end-to-end delay is slightly larger than before.

Middle-Order Vehicle-Based Clustering Model for Reducing Packet Loss in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050180
Author(s):  
S. David ◽  
P. T. Vanathi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) are typically termed as a wireless ad-hoc network that contains extreme node mobility and also the network carries a great significance in various traffic-oriented commercial applications and safety services. Due to its high mobility, routing in VANET has been a challenging work and also proving a higher rate of packet delivery ratio with reduced packet loss has been more important to be considered in route formations. With that note, this paper contributes to developing a clustering model called Middle-Order Vehicle-based Clustering (MOVC) model for managing the frequent topological change and high vehicle mobility, and efficiently handling the typical road traffic scenario. Moreover, the algorithm is intended to maintain the cluster to be constant for managing the vehicles in effective ways and also to provide uninterrupted communication between the vehicles. An algorithm for Effective Cluster Head Election (ECHE) is also derived in this paper for proficiently handling the frequency variation on the highways. Further, the model is simulated and evaluated on the basis of various metrics of VANET routing, specifically packet loss, packet delivery ratio, network lifetime and throughput. The results show that the proposed mechanism outperforms the results of existing models.

Medium Access Protocols for Cooperative Collision Avoidance in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Md. Imrul Hassan ◽  
Hai L. Vu ◽  
Taka Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Safety Applications

It is envisaged that supporting vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications with a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) can improve road safety and increase transportation efficiency. Among the candidate applications of VANETs, cooperative collision avoidance (CCA) has attracted considerable interest as it can significantly improve road safety. Due to the ad hoc nature of these highly dynamic networks, no central coordination or handshaking protocol can be assumed and safety applications must broadcast information of interest to many surrounding cars by sharing a single channel in a distributed manner. This gives rise to one of the key challenges in vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems, namely, the development of an efficient and reliable medium access control (MAC) protocol for CCA. In this chapter, we provide an overview of proposed MAC protocols for VANETs and describe current standardization activities. We then focus on the performance of the IEEE 802.11 carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) based MAC protocol that is being standardized by the IEEE standards body for VANET applications. In particular, we review prominent existing analytical models and study their advantages, disadvantages and their suitability for performance evaluation of the MAC protocol for VANETs. After a discussion of the shortcomings of these models, we develop a new analytical model in the second half of the chapter. Explicit expressions are derived for the mean and standard deviation of the packet delay, as well as for the packet delivery ratio (PDR) at the MAC layer in an unsaturated network formed by moving vehicles on a highway. We validate the analytical results using extensive simulations and show that good accuracy can be achieved with the proposed model for a range of topologies and traffic load conditions. More importantly, using the model, we show that hidden terminals can have a severe, detrimental impact on the PDR, which may compromise the reliability required for safety applications.

A Directional Forward Routing Protocol Based on Spray and Wait in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 2442-2446
Author(s):  
Jie Han ◽  
Lun Tang ◽  
Xiao Qin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Buffer Management ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

In recent years, Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) attracts more and more attention. VANET is a special Mobile Ad Hoc Network, the network suffers from high mobility so that the end-to-end path may not exist all the time. First, this paper proposed the improvement of spray phase, combined with the real situation of VANET. Second, we choose the best performance of neighbor node as next hop in forward phase. Third, it has an available buffer management mechanism to increase packet delivery ratio and reduce the overhead. The Simulation results show that DFSB routing can significantly enhance packet delivery ratio and decrease routing delay.

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