Pocket Book to Enhance Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Prevention of Soil-transmitted Helmint

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Liena Sofiana ◽  
Suci Musvita Ayu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pocket Book ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

<p>Indonesia, being a tropical area with high humidity, is a source of proliferation of worms. Soil-Transmitted Helminths infection is widespread in all rural and urban areas. Children who are infected usually experience lethargy, pallor or anemia, weight loss and listlessness, as well as decreasing their learning concentration and productivity. Prevention effort to reduce the incidence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths infection is conducted by providing the information on Soil-Transmitted Helminths infection. Health promotion cannot be separated from media because messages delivered through media can be more interesting and easier to understand. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a pocket book to increase preventive behavior for Soil-Transmitted Helminthes Infections. This type of research was a quasi-experimental study. The samples of this study were all elementary school infected students in grades 3, 4, and 5 with a package of interventions for the provision of a pocket book. The effectiveness of the pocket book is determined by using the t test. There are differences between the mean of knowledge and attitude, but the mean of behavior of Soil -Transmitted Helminths Infection before and after the pocket book is similar.</p>

scholarly journals A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Intra Uterine Growth Retardation and its Prevention Among Antenatal Mothers in Rural and Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vanitha Chittaluri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Intra Uterine Growth Retardation is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The present study was undertaken to compare the knowledge and attitude regarding intra uterine growth retardation and its prevention among antenatal mothers in rural and urban areas Khammam, Telangana. The objectives of the study were to describe the levels of knowledge and attitude, to compare the levels of Knowledge and attitude in rural and urban areas, to find out the association between knowledge and attitude scores with their selected socio-demographic variables. A quantitative survey approach and comparative descriptive design was used for this study. The sample for current study is antenatal mothers who were residing at Raghunadhapalem rural area and Ballepalli urban area, Khammam. The sample size was 100((50 rural+50 urban) and the sample was selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data was collected by using structure interview schedule. The Findings revealed that the knowledge means of antenatal mothers in rural and urban areas were 14.10 and 16.68 respectively. Standard deviations were 3.29 and 3.3 respectively. The ‘t’ calculated value was 3.89 which is significant at 0.05. The attitude means of antenatal mothers in rural and urban areas were 36.08 and 36.02 respectively. Standard deviations were 2.15 and 2.48 respectively. The ‘t’ calculated value was 0.12 which is significant at 0.05. The study concluded that the level of knowledge is low in rural area by comparing with urban area. There is an increased need for awareness program regarding intra uterine growth retardation and its prevention in selected setting in order to promote the health of the fetus and the mother.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and practices related to owls in central Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mustafa Rashid ◽  
Mirza Habib Ali ◽  
Abida Butt ◽  
Abdul Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Rats And Mice

Abstract Owls are considered as dominant predators for control of rats and mice population in agricultural fields and presently their populations are continuously declining in Punjab, Pakistan. The present study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of people of rural and urban areas about the declining trend of owls. During this survey, more than 1600 people were asked to collect information regarding the owl populations from six localities including Faisalabad, Sialkot, Jhang, Lahore and Bahawalnagar. Four parameters were the major part of the questionnaire: familiarity, misconceptions, awareness about owls and their acceptance as a biological controlling agent. The results revealed that about 95% of people were familiar with owls in the agro-ecosystem. Only 15.6% of people thought that owls should be eliminated; 23.0% were of the opinion that owl’s presence in a locality leads to ruination; 33.3% agreed that the owls presence was a sign of bad omen; 41.8% considered them as signs of foolishness; 47.0% believed that owl’s body parts were used for black magic purposes. In contrast, 50% of people acknowledged that owls are beneficial to humans; 60.3% knew that owls are the enemies of rodents, 67.7% agreed that they are suppressors of rats and mice and 63.8% agreed that artificial nest boxes can serve as their nests and roosts. It was encouraging to know that 74.8% showed their willingness to enhance the owl’s population on their farms, and 74.0% were willing to permit the installation of nest boxes in or near the villages. The study of attitudes of respondents towards owl will help to develop an effective conservation strategy and to boost owl’s population in croplands for biological control of rats and mice.

scholarly journals Comparing knowledge of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ayaz Sabri ◽  
Muhammad Ahad Qayyum ◽  
Naif Usman Saigol ◽  
Khurram Zafar ◽  
Fawad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Question Survey ◽  
Awareness Level

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the awareness of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics. After analyzing the awareness level of both populations, the urban diabetics were found to be more educated about diabetes. A 25-question survey was used to judge the awareness level of diabetes mellitus. A total of 240 diabetics were surveyed, 120 each from rural and urban areas. The mean awareness among the rural population was 13 (SD± 2) correct answers out of a possible 25. Similarly, in the case of the urban diabetics the mean awareness was 18 (SD± 2) correct answers. The survey was conducted on randomly chosen diabetics belonging to Lahore and Faisalabad, (urban areas), as well as Habibabad, Haveli Koranga and Baba Kanwal (rural areas). The results emphasize the interrelation between demography and awareness of diabetes mellitus. The rural diabetics are far less knowledgeable about diabetes mellitus, its management and its complications. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve the awareness level of diabetes mellitus in rural areas. Doing so will give rise to a healthier workforce and a lessened economic burden on Pakistan.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME MINERAL PROFILE OF HONEY MARKETED AND CONSUMED IN SOME OF THE STATES IN NORTHERN PART OF COUNTRY (NIGERIA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
R. Odoh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Metal Poisoning ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Honey and honey trade is an important economic activity for many tropical rural and urban areas worldwide. In West Africa and other part of the world, honey and honey products holds high socio–cultural, religious, medicinal and traditional values. Therefore, to maximize benefits or to enhance profit, a variety of components are added to the raw, fresh and unprocessed honey, introducing the possibility of heavy metals contaminants. Therefore the honey sold in various places, markets and shops  in some states in Northern Nigeria (Benue, Nassarawa and Taraba) including Abuja FCT, in Nigeria was analyzed to determine the level of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn).All the honey samples contain heavy metals. The results ranged from 0.028–0.070, 0.023–0.058, 0.042–0.092, 4.231–8.589, 8.115–14.892, 0.078–0.922, 0.044–0.092, 0.041–0.087 and 18.234–28.654 μg/L for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn respectively. The mean concentration (μg/L) of the heavy metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn of the regularly marketed honey is significantly higher than the mean concentration observed in raw, fresh and unprocessed honey. However, continued consumption of honey with high heavy metal content might lead to exposure to chronic heavy metal poisoning.

scholarly journals Dataset for measuring the conceptual understanding of optics in Rwanda

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Kizito Ndihokubwayo ◽  
Michael Ralph ◽  
Irénée Ndayambaje ◽  
Jean Uwamahoro
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
School Type ◽  
Instructional Tools ◽  
Physics Students ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Before And After

This dataset is an accumulation of data collected to test Rwandan physics students’ conceptual understanding of light phenomena and to assess instructional tools for active learning of optics. We collected and analysed data from 251 grade 11 (senior 5) students using our Light Phenomena Conceptual Assessment (LPCA) tool and from 136 grade 10 (senior 4) students using Geometric Optics Conceptual Understanding Test (GOCUT) in 2019. Before collecting data, we designed and validated LPCA and GOCUT, and tested their reliability. Data were collected before and after students learnt about the unit of light. Both day and boarding schools in rural and urban areas were included in our sampling. Data collected were test scores from students after performing a 30-item LPCA test or 25-item GOCUT test in 40 minutes. The data may be reused to extend  students' understanding of optics concepts through item analysis, analysis of school characteristics such as location and school type, or by analysing students' characteristics such as subject combinations.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN PRAKTEK ASI EKSLUSIF SERTA STATUS GIZI BAYI USIA 4-12 BULAN DI PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Asrinisa Rachmadewi ◽  
Ali Khomsan
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Breastfeeding Knowledge ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

The main aim of this study was to compare breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practice and infants nutritional status between rural and urban areas. In this cross-sectional study, Desa Jayabakti, Kabupaten Sukabumi represents rural area, while Kelurahan Kedung Jaya, Kota Bogor represents urban area. Samples were 31 mothers-infants in each area who were selected by simple cluster sampling method. The differences between two areas were analyzed with the independent t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. The correlation between variables was analyzed with rank Spearman. The result of this study showed that mother's knowledge and attitude of nutrition, especially about exclusive breastfeeding, was higher in urban than in rural area. There were differences in mothers' knowledge and attitude between rural and urban areas (p&amp;lt;0.05). Exclusive breastfeeding in rural area practiced by 41.9%, which is higher than in urban area (25.8%). Nevertheless, there was no statistical difference in exclusive breastfeeding practice between rural and urban areas (p&amp;gt;0.05). The aspects of breastfeeding practices which statistically difference in rural and urban areas were the introduction of colostrums status and breastfeeding time (p&amp;lt;0.05). Early initiation of breastfeeding was associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice in urban area (p&amp;lt;0.05), but none of the variables were associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice in rural area (p&amp;gt;0.05). Furthermore, exclusive breastfeeding practice was not associated with 4-12 months infants nutritional status (p&amp;gt;0.05). Mothers' family should be targeted as target of audience in breastfeeding promotion.  Keywords: breastfeeding practice, exclusive breastfeeding, knowledge, attitude, infant                  nutritional status, rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals Comparative health risk assessment of nitrate in drinking groundwater resources of urban and rural region(Isfahan, Iran), Using GIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Aghapour ◽  
Bijan Bina ◽  
Mohammad Javad Tarrahi ◽  
Fahimeh Amiri ◽  
Afshin Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background : Groundwater contaminant such as nitrate (NO 3 - ) is one of the environmental factors that can affect human health . Methemoglobinemia of infants, thyroid disorders, and probably some carcinogenic effects, are health concerns associated with dietary nitrate. Isfahan province has a dry and semi-arid desert climate that the main source of various applications in this province is groundwater resources. This study evaluated spatial analysis of the concentration of NO 3 - in groundwater resources and its possible health risk to residents. Results : It was indicated that nitrate concentrations in the rural and urban areas were in the range of 0.4–137 mg/L NO 3 − with the mean of 33.72 mg/L NO 3 − , and 2.9-209 mg/L NO 3 - with the mean of 38.87 mg/L, respectively. As well, 226 samples (25%), and 104 (24%) ones were detected above the Iran and World Health Organization guidelines 50 mg/L as NO 3 − . While the highest levels of NO 3 − which were located in the west and central groundwater resources of the province were in the agricultural and residential areas. The HQ for Infants, in 32% of samples, urban 136 and rural 297 samples were higher than 1 (HQ>1). Also, in urban area HQ was more than 1 in 8, 5, 1, and 3 samples in children, teens, male and female, respectively. Conclusions : Infants were the most vulnerable compared with the other groups. Therefore, in some areas, there are potential risks of methemoglobinemia, especially for infants. So, it is critical to adopt specific strategies to reduce the nitrate concentration in the studied groundwater.

scholarly journals Transmissibility of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in small-scale outbreaks in Hunan Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Zhang ◽  
Qingqing Hu ◽  
Zhihong Deng ◽  
Shixiong Hu ◽  
Fuqiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean

AbstractAcute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreaks are reported frequently in China. However, the transmissibility of AHC remains unclear. This study aimed to calculate the transmissibility of the disease with and without interventions. An AHC outbreak dataset from January 2007 to December 2016 in different schools was built in Hunan Province. A Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model was adopted to calculate the effective reproduction number (Reff) of AHC. Reff was divided into two parts (Runc and Rcon) where Runc and Rcon represent the uncontrolled and controlled Reff , respectively. Based on Runc and Rcon, an index of effectiveness of countermeasures (Ieff) was developed to assess the effectiveness of countermeasures in each outbreak. During the study period, 34 AHC outbreaks were reported in 20 counties of 9 cities in Hunan Province, with a mean total attack rate of 7.04% (95% CI: 4.97–9.11%). The mean Runc of AHC outbreaks was 8.28 (95% CI: 6.46–10.11). No significance of Runc was observed between rural and urban areas (t = −1.296, P = 0.205), among college, secondary, and primary schools (F = 0.890, P = 0.459), different levels of school population (F = 0.738, P = 0.538), and different number of index cases (F = 1.749, P = 0.180). The most commonly implemented countermeasures were case isolation, treatment, and health education, followed by environment disinfection, symptom surveillance, and school closure. Social distance, prophylaxis, and stopping eye exercises temporary were implemented occasionally. The mean value of Rcon was 0.16 (range: 0.00–1.50). The mean value of Ieff was 97.16% (range: 71.44–100.00%). The transmissibility of AHC is high in small-scale outbreaks in China. Case isolation, treatment, and health education are the common countermeasures for controlling the disease.

scholarly journals Quality of life of post-menopausal women residing in rural and urban areas of Sikkim, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barkha Devi ◽  
Prerna Karki ◽  
Rajnee Chhetry ◽  
Neelam Sharma ◽  
Manisha Niroula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Menopause is an inevitable reproductive phase during midlife when various physical and mental changes may impair the quality of life of women. The presence and severity of symptoms vary tremendously from woman to woman and can last from months to years during this transitional period. This study was conducted to assess the quality of life and menopause related problems among post-menopausal women residing rural and urban areas of Sikkim.Methods: Descriptive explorative study was done in East Sikkim among 120 rural and urban post-menopausal women who were in the age group of 45 years and above, had attained natural menopause and didn’t have menstruation from last one year, were selected through purposive sampling technique. Women with induced menopause, hysterectomy, receiving hormonal treatment were excluded. Along with collection of socio-demographic data, the Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the Quality of life based on experience of the symptoms through interview technique.Results: The mean menopausal age was 48±3.649 years in rural area and 47±3.831 years for urban area. The mean scores in quality of life between post-menopausal women in rural areas (M=136.6, SD=28.78) were found significantly impaired and the difference was found statistically significant (t=5.75 p<0.001) which shows that rural women were having impaired quality of life as compared to urban women during post-menopausal period. The findings also revealed that factors affecting the quality of life of postmenopausal women were the history of menopause, occupation of women, in urban women and time of attending menopause, in rural women.Conclusions: The present study shows that menopause related symptoms had a negative effect on the quality of life of the post-menopausal women. Such studies can help in creating awareness and in educating women on the early identification of the common menopausal symptoms.

PREVALENCE OF CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES AMONG SHI'A POPULATIONS OF LEBANON

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
GHADIR EL-KHESHEN ◽  
MOSTAFA SAADAT
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean

SummaryIn genetics, a consanguineous marriage means union between couples who are related as second cousins or closer. The present cross-sectional study was carried out in order to illustrate the prevalence and types of consanguineous marriages in the Shi'a population living in widespread territories in Lebanon including the Bekaa Valley, the south of Lebanon and the southern suburb of Beirut. Data on types of marriages were collected using a simple questionnaire. The total number of couples in the study was 1203. Consanguineous marriage was classified by the degree of relationship between couples. The overall frequency of consanguinity was found to be 28.4%, with first cousin marriages (21.3%) being the most common type followed by first cousins once removed (5.5%), then double first cousins (0.8%). The frequencies of second cousin and beyond second cousin marriages were the same at 0.4% of all the marriages. The mean inbreeding coefficient (α) was estimated at about 0.0161 for the population. There were no significant differences between the three studied territories for frequencies of different types of marriages (p>0.1), nor were there significant differences between the rural and urban areas (p>0.1).

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