A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Intra Uterine Growth Retardation and its Prevention Among Antenatal Mothers in Rural and Urban Areas

Intra Uterine Growth Retardation is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The present study was undertaken to compare the knowledge and attitude regarding intra uterine growth retardation and its prevention among antenatal mothers in rural and urban areas Khammam, Telangana. The objectives of the study were to describe the levels of knowledge and attitude, to compare the levels of Knowledge and attitude in rural and urban areas, to find out the association between knowledge and attitude scores with their selected socio-demographic variables. A quantitative survey approach and comparative descriptive design was used for this study. The sample for current study is antenatal mothers who were residing at Raghunadhapalem rural area and Ballepalli urban area, Khammam. The sample size was 100((50 rural+50 urban) and the sample was selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data was collected by using structure interview schedule. The Findings revealed that the knowledge means of antenatal mothers in rural and urban areas were 14.10 and 16.68 respectively. Standard deviations were 3.29 and 3.3 respectively. The ‘t’ calculated value was 3.89 which is significant at 0.05. The attitude means of antenatal mothers in rural and urban areas were 36.08 and 36.02 respectively. Standard deviations were 2.15 and 2.48 respectively. The ‘t’ calculated value was 0.12 which is significant at 0.05. The study concluded that the level of knowledge is low in rural area by comparing with urban area. There is an increased need for awareness program regarding intra uterine growth retardation and its prevention in selected setting in order to promote the health of the fetus and the mother.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness on Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Covid-19 and its Prevention Among Adults at Selected Urban Area in Khammam, Telangana, India

A descriptive research study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding Covid - 19 and its prevention among adults at selected urban areas, khammam, Telangana. The sample for the present study was adults who are in the age group of 21-45 years. Probability simple random sampling technique was used for 150 sample. Data was collected by using structured interview schedule, it includes socio-demographic data, knowledge questionnaire and attitude rating scale. The reliability of the tool was (r) =0.96. The results revealed that out of 150 adult’s majority of them in pre-test 91 (60.67%) had moderately adequate knowledge. Whereas post-test 136 (90.66%) had adequate knowledge and majority of them in pre-test 91 (60.66%) had favorable attitude. Whereas post-test, majority of them 150 (100%) had favorable attitude, none of them had moderately favorable attitude and unfavorable attitude. The study was concluded that there is a need to create awareness programme regarding covid – 19 and its prevention which help them to enhance levels of knowledge and attitude of adults

Effectiveness of Post-Operative Exercises on Upper Limb Function among Clients with Modified Radical Mastectomy at selected Cancer Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Objective: The study was conducted to assess the Effectiveness of Post-Operative Exercises on Upper Limb Function among Clients with Modified Radical Mastectomy at selected Cancer Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana. Study objectives were to (i) Assess the upper limb function among the clients with Modified Radical Mastectomy before the intervention. (ii) Demonstrate post-operative upper limb function exercises to the clients with breast cancer posted for Modified Radical Mastectomy. (iii) Assess the effectiveness of post-operative exercises on upper limb function among clients with Modified Radical Mastectomy. (iv) Find out the association between the upper limb function among clients with Modified Radical Mastectomy and selected variables. Methodology: Quantitative evaluative research approach was used for this study. The study was conducted at selected cancer hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana. Pre-test post-test group only design adopted. The sample comprised of 30, 15 sample taken as experimental group,15 sample taken as experimental group. Sample was selected by purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by observational checklist. Results: The results revealed that pretest mean score was 64.03 and after intervention the post-test mean score was 57.16 there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post test scores from day 1 to day 5 of the clients at the level of p= 0.05, computed ‘t’ value is more than table value hence null hypothesis was rejected. The obtained’ value was 8.15, found greater than ‘t’ table value. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the sample was improved upper limb function from day 1to day 5. There is a significant difference between pretest and post- test scores, The findings point out that demonstration of teaching programme would improve the upper limb function of clients with Modified Radical Mastectomy.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Nipah Virus Infection and Its Prevention

Aim: A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding nipah virus infection and its prevention among 3rd years nursing, students Khammam, Telangana. Objective: Objectives were to describe the socio demographic variables, to assess the pre- test levels of knowledge and attitude scores, to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on levels of knowledge and attitude scores, to find out the association between the post- test levels of knowledge and attitude scores of 3rd year Nursing students, with their selected socio demographic variables. Methodology: Quantitative evaluative research approach was used for this study. The study was conducted at Mamata School and college of nursing, Khammam, Telangana. The sample comprised of 50, 3rd year nursing students and sample was selected by random sampling technique. The data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Results: The results revealed that Knowledge mean for pretest and post-test were 11.14 and 18.26 respectively. The standard deviation for pre-test and post-test were 0.41 and 2.06 respectively. The mean difference was 1.65 Hence the calculated ‘t’ value 12.53 is greater than table value 3.35. It indicates structured teaching programme was effective at p<0.05 level. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the respondents had moderately adequate knowledge before educational intervention and majority of them increase that is adequate knowledge after educational intervention. There is a significant difference between pretest and post- test knowledge levels and attitude scores, which indicates that there is a need to conduct educational programmes to improve their knowledge regarding Nipah virus infection and its prevention.

Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Teaching

In more than 200 nations, the COVID-19 Pandemic has caused the greatest disruption in the history of education systems, affecting up to 1,6 billion students. More than 94 percent of the world's student population have been affected by closures in schools, institutions, and other educational areas. This has brought about profound changes in our life in many facets. Social dissociation and limited rules on movement have greatly disrupted traditional training. Reopening schools following limitation easing is another problem with several new standard operating procedures. Within a brief period of the COVID-19 epidemic, numerous scholars have contributed their efforts on teaching and learning in diverse methods. Several institutions, colleges and universities have ceased face-to-face instruction. In the approaching year, there is a worry that 2020 will be lost or more. The time is needed to develop and implement alternative education and evaluation systems. The COVID-19 epidemic gave us a chance to set the road for digital learning. This article attempts to offer a thorough assessment on the influence on the online learning of various aspects of the COVID-19 epidemic, and to outline the way ahead.

Investigation of Clinical and Diagnostic Features Associated with Cerebral Palsy Children in a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria

Background: Cerebral palsy is non-progressive motor disability syndrome largely attributed to abnormal development or damage from likely trauma in one or more parts of the brain especially the cerebellum and frontal lobe of the cerebrum that control muscle tone and motor activity and causing variable mental, motor and behavioral dilemmas generally referred to as delayed developmental milestone. Aims and Objectives: The study aims to investigate the gross features and clinical manifestation in cerebral palsy children in in cross-sectional patients in health facility. Materials and Methods: The study involved the use of 40 case files of cerebral palsy patients; 26 (65. 0%) out of them were girls, and 14 (35.0%) of them were boys, aged from 0 to 10 years old. Results: The main clinical presentation in this study was speech delay which was presented in 50.0% of the examined children, followed by delayed walking and movement in 25.0% of the patients. Analysis using records of imaging diagnostic tools showed that computed tomography has the highest case file with 70.0% due its availability and its cheapness compared to magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: Children with cerebral palsy are best cared for with an individualized treatment plan that provides a combination of interventions tailored to each individual.

Unraveling the Etiology of Periodontitis

Across the globe, incidence of oral afflictions like gingivitis and periodontitis are increasing at a very fast pace. Evidencearethere to support the fact that despite of being an oro-dental infection, periodontitis is associated with the systemic diseases too. Different ecological niches of oral cavity can harbor both pathogenic and non-pathogenic micro-organisms. Although the main cause of the disease is the anaerobic or the facultative anaerobic bacteria, other factors such as poor personal hygiene, diet and immune related disorders are also responsible for the progression of the disease. The vicious circle starts from deposition of the bacterial plaque/biofilm on the tooth surface then leading to gingivitis. If left untreated, it progresses to the development of periodontal pockets and ultimately tooth loss. However traditional treatment modalities like high dose of systemic antibiotics are available but antimicrobial resistance and virulence of the periodontal pathogens is the major cause of the treatment failures. This review primarily focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis and microbiology of the periodontitis. It also discusses the virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors of the periodontopathic micro-organisms. It is an attempt to develop the thorough understanding of the disease so that better therapeutic outcomes of periodonto-therapy can be attained.

Gas Chromatography –Flame Ionization Detector, Phytochemical and Quality Control of Unripe Musa Sapientumthrough UV-Vis Spectrophotometric analysis

Musa sapientum(banana) is widely consumed for its health benefits. Its pulp, peel, leaves, bark as well as whole fruit is used in reducing the risk of chronic diseases of clinical interests. This study aims to find out whether or not there are any distinctive phytochemical constituents present in unripe Musa sapientum peel, pulp and whole fruit hydromethanolic extract using GC-FID techniques and to demonstrate the importance of spectral data in contribution to quality control of its medicinal properties. The UV-VIS profile showed different peaks ranging from 200-900 nm with different absorption respectively. UV-VIS profile showed 9 peaks with three distinct peaks at 240 nm, 400 nm, and 700 nm for both pulp and its peel while 22 peaks with four at 220 nm, 290 nm, 550 nm and 600nm for whole fruit. GC-FID analysis provided characteristic peaks determining the presence and concentration of phytochemical compounds in peel, pulp and whole fruit. Three major phytoconstituents were found almost exclusively in peel, including, Isoflavones, lunamarine and sapogenin while proanthocyanidin and resveratrol were exclusively in its pulp. Spartein, phytates, tannins and isoflavones were absent in whole fruit. The concentration of flavone was minimal. In conclusion, the study justifies the nutritional and medicinal properties of the plant and also represents an additional support to the quality control of their fruit drugs. The presence of the distinctive phytochemicals may be mechanistic link for the specific-efficacy of their physio-pharmacologic and therapeutic activities. Ingested together, these study data suggests that peel, pulp or whole fruit supplementation may be a potential alternative to conventional treatment for various types of infirmities and may confer other potential industrial, nutritional and medicinal advantages.