Retroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma causing chronic hindlimb lameness in a dog

SummaryThe clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, computed tomographic, surgical and histopathological findings in a Boxer dog with retroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma are described in this study. A seven-year-old, male, castrated Boxer dog was referred for evaluation of chronic hindlimb lameness. The physical examination revealed muscle atrophy and sciatic nerve deficits. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed a caudodorsal abdominal mass. Computed tomography revealed that the mass involved the left margin of the L7 vertebra, lumbosacral canal, and lumbosacral plexus. At surgery, a large retroperitoneal haematoma was removed. Histopathology of amorphous tissue found near the haematoma was consistent with haemangiosarcoma. The owner declined any further treatment. Ten weeks after discharge, the dog was euthanatized due to collapse and haemoabdomen.

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The practical use of computed tomography in evaluation of shell lesions in six loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta)

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/68/2015-vetmed ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 394-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. Spadola ◽

G. Barillaro ◽

M. Morici ◽

A. Nocera ◽

Z. Knotek

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Physical Examination ◽

Lumbar Vertebra ◽

Caretta Caretta ◽

Tube Insertion ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Loggerhead Turtles ◽

Invasive Method

Six adult loggerhead turtles were found stranded and were rescued near Sicily within a period of 12 months. Macroscopically apparent lesions of the shell were present. After thorough physical examination, ketamine-dexmedetomidine-atipamezole induction and tracheal tube insertion all six patients underwent computed tomographic examination under inhalant anaesthesia with isoflurane. A vertebral lesion at the level of the 3rd thoracic-lumbar vertebra with vertebral lamina and the vertebral body being involved without compression of the spinal cord, a vertebral lesion at the level of the 7th thoracic-lumbar vertebra and a vertebral lesion at the level of the 8th thoracic-lumbar vertebra were recorded in the first female. Loss of the shell near the left carapace-plastron bridge, with massive haemorrhage and compression of organs were present in the second female. The remaining four turtles had only superficial lesions with no involvement of bones and organs of the coelom. Computed tomography was proved to be a valuable non-invasive method for clinical examination of stranded sea turtles.

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THE BEHAVIOR OF RESIDUAL AXONS IN PARTIALLY DENERVATED MUSCLES OF THE MONKEY

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.93.3.207 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 207-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Mac V. Edds ◽

Wilfred T. Small

Keyword(s):

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Nerve Fiber ◽

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Tibial Nerve ◽

Histological Study ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Lumbosacral Plexus ◽

Leg Muscles ◽

Denervated Muscles

Leg muscles of the monkey have been studied following partial denervation produced by surgical elimination of from 25 to 90 per cent of the axons entering the sciatic nerve from the lumbosacral plexus. The investigation included observations on function, rate and degree of muscle atrophy, and neurohistological appearance of the affected muscles. In most of the cases, from 83 to 90 per cent of the residual nerve fibers in the peroneal and tibial nerves were destroyed and a severe paresis of the leg muscles was produced. No functional improvement was noted up to 160 days after operation, and the affected muscles became markedly atrophic. Histological examination of these muscles failed to reveal more than sporadic collateral regeneration of the residual axons. In two cases 50 and 75 per cent of the peroneal and tibial nerve fibers remained intact 63 and 200 days, respectively, after operation. The legs operated upon in these cases functioned almost normally and all muscles weighed within 11 per cent of those of the contralateral, normal leg. Histological study and counts of end-plate: nerve fiber ratios showed that many residual axons had regenerated collateral branches which entered denervated end-plates. Collateral regeneration was incomplete, however, and many end-plates remained without innervation. These results indicate that residual axons in paretic muscles of a primate do not regenerate collaterally as readily as do those of other previously studied mammals.

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Computed tomographic findings in peritonsillar abscess and cellulitis

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100130415 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 109 (5) ◽

pp. 449-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Masanori Sakaguchi ◽

Susumu Sato ◽

Shiro Asawa ◽

Kiichiro Taguchi

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Physical Examination ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Peritonsillar Abscess ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Appropriate Treatment

AbstractThe differentiation of a peritonsillar abscess from peritonsillar cellulitis, although difficult on physical examination, is required in order to determine the appropriate treatment. Peritonsillar cellulitis can be treated with antibiotics alone, while a peritonsillar abscess should be drained. Computed tomography (CT) of the neck is often performed to identify the formation of a deep abscess in the neck, but is rarely used to diagnose peritonsillar infections. We report a patient in whom CT was a useful diagnostic tool for distinguishing peritonsillar abscess from peritonsillar cellulitis.

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Perineural spread of pelvic malignancies to the lumbosacral plexus and beyond: clinical and imaging patterns

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/2015.7.focus15209 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. E14 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Stepan Capek ◽

Benjamin M. Howe ◽

Kimberly K. Amrami ◽

Robert J. Spinner

Keyword(s):

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Lumbosacral Plexus ◽

Perineural Spread ◽

Tumor Spread ◽

Spinal Nerves ◽

Lumbosacral Plexopathy ◽

Pelvic Cancer ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

OBJECT Perineural spread along pelvic autonomie nerves has emerged as a logical, anatomical explanation for selected cases of neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy (LSP) in patients with prostate, bladder, rectal, and cervical cancer. The authors wondered whether common radiological and clinical patterns shared by various types of pelvic cancer exist. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed their institutional series of 17 cases concluded as perineural tumor spread. All available history, physical examination, electrodiagnostic studies, biopsy data and imaging studies, evidence of other metastatic disease, and follow-up were recorded in detail. The series was divided into 2 groups: cases with neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy confirmed by biopsy (Group A) and cases included based on imaging characteristics despite the lack of biopsy or negative biopsy results (Group B). RESULTS Group A comprised 10 patients (mean age 69 years); 9 patients were symptomatic and 1 was asymptomatic. The L5–S1 spinal nerves and sciatic nerve were most frequently involved. Three patients had intradural extension. Seven patients were alive at last follow-up. Group B consisted of 7 patients (mean age 64 years); 4 patients were symptomatic, 2 were asymptomatic, and 1 had only imaging available. The L5–S1 spinal nerves and the sciatic nerve were most frequently involved. No patients had intradural extension. Four patients were alive at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The authors provide a unifying theory to explain lumbosacral plexopathy in select cases of various pelvic neoplasms. The tumor cells can use splanchnic nerves as conduits and spread from the end organ to the lumbosacral plexus. Tumor can continue to spread along osseous and muscle nerve branches, resulting in muscle and bone “metastases.” Radiological studies show a reproducible, although nonspecific pattern, and the same applies to clinical presentation.

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Metrizamide Computed Tomographic Cisternography for the Diagnosis of Occult Lesions of the Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Axis in Children

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198105000-00004 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 531-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dachling Pang ◽

Arthur E. Rosenbaum ◽

James E. Wilberger ◽

James P. Gutai

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Diagnostic Yield ◽

Empty Sella ◽

Functional Disorders ◽

Ct Cisternography ◽

Empty Sella Syndrome ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Suprasellar Cistern ◽

Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽

Metrizamide Ct Cisternography

Abstract In children, hypothalamic-hypophyseal syndromes such as diabetes insipidus, precocious puberty, growth retardation, and panhypopituitarism can be due either to structural lesions or to functional disorders of the cerebral endocrine complex. When clinical and endocrinological parameters fail to distinguish between these etiologies, neuroradiographical diagnosis becomes extremely important. Although conventional intravenously enhanced computed tomography (IVCT) is satisfactory for the diagnosis of lesions larger than 1 cm, metrizamide CT cisternography (MCTC) greatly improves the diagnostic yield for smaller juxtapituitary masses in the suprasellar cistern, clearly defines their sizes and relationships with contiguous structures, and definitively confirms the diagnosis of empty sella syndrome. Six patients with endocrinopathies and normal or ambiguous IVCT findings are presented to illustrate how MCTC can influence their management and outcome without the patient discomfort and technical complexity associated with pneumoencephalography.

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Computed Tomography and Bronchoscopy in Endobronchial Tuberculosis

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2003/496296 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 445-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Halil Yanardag ◽

Cüneyt Tetikkurt ◽

Seza Tetikkurt ◽

Sabriye Demirci ◽

Tuncer Karayel

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Therapeutic Response ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Before And After ◽

Endobronchial Tuberculosis ◽

Age Range

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic response to endobronchial tuberculosis is usually evaluated by bronchoscopy. Currently, there are no published studies investigating the use of computed tomography for the evaluation of therapeutic response in endobronchial tuberculosis.OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the bronchoscopic and computed tomographic features of endobronchial tuberculosis before and after treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of computed tomography for the assessment of treatment.METHODS: The clinical, pathological and bronchoscopic features of endobronchial tuberculosis were evaluated in 55 patients. The age range of the patients was 21 to 52 years. Computed tomography and bronchoscopy were performed before and after treatment.RESULTS: Diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by culture and histopathological examination. Bronchoscopic examination revealed 89 endobronchial lesions of various types in 55 patients. The exudative type was the most common. Follow-up bronchoscopy revealed that exudative-, ulcerative- and granular-type lesions healed completely. Computed tomography performed after treatment correlated well with the follow-up bronchoscopic findings.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that follow-up computed tomography is useful for the evaluation of therapeutic response and complications associated with endobronchial tuberculosis, and may replace bronchoscopy.

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Percutaneous Discectomy: An Anatomical Study

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198502000-00003 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 141-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Steven L. Kanter ◽

William A. Friedman

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Lumbar Spine ◽

Vascular Injury ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Intervertebral Discs ◽

Viable Alternative ◽

Percutaneous Discectomy ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Anatomical Analysis ◽

Computed Tomographic Scan

Abstract Percutaneous discectomy is a viable alternative in the treatment of herniated intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine. Anatomical analysis of the retroperitoneal surgical path utilizing computed tomography suggests that the risk of vascular injury is negligible at the L-4, L-5 level, but substantial at the L-5, S-1 level. In addition, one-third of patients otherwise suitable for percutaneous discectomy have segments of bowel obstructing the surgical path. Obtaining an abdominal computed tomographic scan with the patient in the surgical position seems to be a valuable screening technique in the evaluation of candidates for this procedure.

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Radiographic and computed tomographic assessment of the development of the antebrachia and elbow joints in Labrador Retrievers with and without medial coronoid disease

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.3415/vcot-14-09-0144 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (03) ◽

pp. 186-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. A. W. Hazewinkel ◽

G. Voorhout ◽

S. F. Lau

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Length Ratio ◽

Active Growth ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Secondary Ossification Centres ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Joint Congruence ◽

Labrador Retrievers

SummaryObjectives: To compare the development, monitored by radiography and computed tomography, of the antebrachia and elbow joints in seven Labrador Retrievers with healthy elbow joints and in seven Labrador Retrievers that developed medial coronoid disease (MCD), in order to determine whether disturbances in the development of the antebrachia and elbow joints, between the age of six and 17 weeks may lead to medial coronoid disease.Methods: A prospective study of 14 Labrador Retrievers in their active growth stage was performed. The development of the antebrachia and elbow joints was assessed between six and 17 weeks of age using radio graphy and computed tomography determining the development of secondary ossification centres, radioulnar length ratio, radial angulation, and inter-relationship between the humerus, ulna and radius.Results: For the parameters of ossification of secondary ossification centres, radioulnar length ratio, radial angulation, and joint congruence evaluation, there was no significant difference in the development of the ante-brachia and elbow joints of seven Labrador Retrievers positive and seven Labrador Retrievers negative for MCD at the age of six to 17 weeks.Clinical significance: These findings demonstrate that the development of MCD in the Labrador Retrievers in our study was not related to any disturbance in the development of the antebrachia and elbow joints during the rapid growth phase.

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