scholarly journals THE BEHAVIOR OF RESIDUAL AXONS IN PARTIALLY DENERVATED MUSCLES OF THE MONKEY

1951 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mac V. Edds ◽  
Wilfred T. Small
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Lumbosacral Plexus ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Denervated Muscles

Leg muscles of the monkey have been studied following partial denervation produced by surgical elimination of from 25 to 90 per cent of the axons entering the sciatic nerve from the lumbosacral plexus. The investigation included observations on function, rate and degree of muscle atrophy, and neurohistological appearance of the affected muscles. In most of the cases, from 83 to 90 per cent of the residual nerve fibers in the peroneal and tibial nerves were destroyed and a severe paresis of the leg muscles was produced. No functional improvement was noted up to 160 days after operation, and the affected muscles became markedly atrophic. Histological examination of these muscles failed to reveal more than sporadic collateral regeneration of the residual axons. In two cases 50 and 75 per cent of the peroneal and tibial nerve fibers remained intact 63 and 200 days, respectively, after operation. The legs operated upon in these cases functioned almost normally and all muscles weighed within 11 per cent of those of the contralateral, normal leg. Histological study and counts of end-plate: nerve fiber ratios showed that many residual axons had regenerated collateral branches which entered denervated end-plates. Collateral regeneration was incomplete, however, and many end-plates remained without innervation. These results indicate that residual axons in paretic muscles of a primate do not regenerate collaterally as readily as do those of other previously studied mammals.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle denervation investigations: selecting an experimental control wisely

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. C456-C461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Liu ◽  
LaDora V. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Transection ◽  
Muscle Denervation ◽  
Crossover Effect ◽  
Proteolytic System ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Denervated Muscles

Unilateral denervation is widely used for studies investigating mechanisms of muscle atrophy. The “contralateral-innervated muscle” is a commonly used experimental control in denervation studies. It is not clear whether denervation unilaterally alters the proteolytic system in the contralateral-innervated muscles. Therefore, the objectives of this rapid report are 1) to determine whether unilateral denervation has an effect on the proteolytic system in contralateral-innervated control muscles and 2) to identify the changes in proteasome properties in denervated muscles after 7- and 14-day tibial nerve transection with either the contralateral-innervated muscles or intact muscles from nonsurgical mice used as the experimental control. In the contralateral-innervated muscles after 7 and 14 days of nerve transection, the proteasome activities and content are significantly increased compared with muscles from nonsurgical mice. When the nonsurgical mice are used as the experimental control, a robust increase in proteasome properties is found in the denervated muscles. This robust increase in proteasome properties is eliminated when the contralateral-innervated muscles are the experimental control. In conclusion, there is a crossover effect from unilateral denervation on proteolytic parameters. As a result, the crossover effect on contralateral-innervated muscles must be considered when an experimental control is selected in a denervation study.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF RAT SCIATIC NERVE INJURY AND ITS GRAFTING WITH SILICON WIRES-BASED CONDUIT: DISTAL NERVE STUMP HISTOLOGY AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHY RESULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
V. Likhodiievskyi ◽  
A. Korsak ◽  
D. Skopets ◽  
S. Olefir ◽  
S. Chukhrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Stump ◽  
Distal Nerve ◽  
G Ratio

Relevance. The investigations on trauma epidemiology have shown that both combat- and noncombat-related extremity injuries are often accompanied by nerve injuries. These injuries disproportionately affect young healthy civilians and military officers and has a devastating impact on a patients’ quality of life. Severe nerve injuries, such as nerve trunk injury in continuity (Sunderland 5), that cannot be treated by neurorraphy without tension, require use of nerve gap bridging strategies with different materials and techniques. Objective. This study was aimed to evaluate any positive or negative impact of implanted silicon wires on the quality of nerve fibers at distal nerve stump. Materials and Methods. An experiment was performed on 40 male Whistar rats 2-4 month that were divided to the next groups: I, (n=10) sham-operated, only surgical access to sciatic nerve was performed. II (n=10) with 10 mm sciatic nerve gap that was bridged with autoneurografting. III (n=10) with 10 mm nerve gap that was bridged with allogenic decell aorta filled with 4% carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel. IV (n=10) with 10 mm nerve gap that was bridged with allogenic decell aorta filled with 4% carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel and aligned p-type silicon microvires. Decellularization of allogenic aortas was performed by freeze-thaw cycles. Silicon whiskers were fabricated by Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) method in a cold wall Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cat-CVD) chamber, pre-cleaned with hydrofluoric acid and sterilized via 180*C dry heat. 12 weeks after surgery under general anesthesia all rats underwent invasive needle electroneurpmyography with proximal nerve stump stimulation and registration from gastrocnemius muscle. Myograms were recorded and compared by the shape of M-reflex and its amplitude. After myography rats were euthanized under thiopentone overdosage and distal stumps of injured sciatic nerves were harvested for light microscopy. Sciatic nerve transverse slices were stained with nitric silver by modified Bielschowsky method Nerve fiber diameter, axon diameter, myelin sheath thickness and axon-to-nerve fiber diameter ratio (g-ratio) were measured. Results. Performed analysis showed that rats from ІІ and IV groups demonstrated the best quality of nerve fibers in distal nerve stump. That was evidenced by bigger nerve fibers diameter in rats from autologous nerve grafting group and aorta with gel and wires grafting group in comparison with aorta with gel grafting group. Rats from IV demonstrated higher voltage and lower latency of M-reflexes during electromyography. Conclusions. It can be concluded about the possible pro-regenerative impact of implanted silicon wires that was evidenced by better nerve fibers quality at distal nerve stump.

scholarly journals Biological laterality and peripheral nerve DTI metrics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260256
Author(s):  
Scott A. Holmes ◽  
Steven J. Staffa ◽  
Anastasia Karapanagou ◽  
Natalia Lopez ◽  
Victoria Karian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Fibular Nerve

Background and purpose Clinical comparisons do not usually take laterality into account and thus may report erroneous or misleading data. The concept of laterality, well evaluated in brain and motor systems, may also apply at the level of peripheral nerves. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the extent to which we could observe an effect of laterality in MRI-collected white matter indices of the sciatic nerve and its two branches (tibial and fibular). Materials and methods We enrolled 17 healthy persons and performed peripheral nerve diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) of the sciatic, tibial and fibular nerve. Participants were scanned bilaterally, and findings were divided into ipsilateral and contralateral nerve fibers relative to self-reporting of hand dominance. Generalized estimating equation modeling was used to evaluate nerve fiber differences between ipsilateral and contralateral legs while controlling for confounding variables. All findings controlled for age, sex and number of scans performed. Results A main effect of laterality was found in radial, axial, and mean diffusivity for the tibial nerve. Axial diffusivity was found to be lateralized in the sciatic nerve. When evaluating mean MTR, a main effect of laterality was found for each nerve division. A main effect of sex was found in the tibial and fibular nerve fiber bundles. Conclusion For the evaluation of nerve measures using DWI and MTI, in either healthy or disease states, consideration of underlying biological metrics of laterality in peripheral nerve fiber characteristics need to considered for data analysis. Integrating knowledge regarding biological laterality of peripheral nerve microstructure may be applied to improve how we diagnosis pain disorders, how we track patients’ recovery and how we forecast pain chronification.

Retroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma causing chronic hindlimb lameness in a dog

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rossmeisl ◽  
D. R. Waldron ◽  
T. C. Tromblee ◽  
J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Lumbosacral Plexus ◽  
Retroperitoneal Haematoma ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Left Margin ◽  
Hindlimb Lameness

SummaryThe clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, computed tomographic, surgical and histopathological findings in a Boxer dog with retroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma are described in this study. A seven-year-old, male, castrated Boxer dog was referred for evaluation of chronic hindlimb lameness. The physical examination revealed muscle atrophy and sciatic nerve deficits. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed a caudodorsal abdominal mass. Computed tomography revealed that the mass involved the left margin of the L7 vertebra, lumbosacral canal, and lumbosacral plexus. At surgery, a large retroperitoneal haematoma was removed. Histopathology of amorphous tissue found near the haematoma was consistent with haemangiosarcoma. The owner declined any further treatment. Ten weeks after discharge, the dog was euthanatized due to collapse and haemoabdomen.

scholarly journals Effect of hyperglycemia on conduction parameters of tibial nerve’s fibers to different muscles: A rat model

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 09-12
Author(s):  
Çağdaş Erdoğan ◽  
Utku Cenikli ◽  
Eylem Değirmenci ◽  
Attila Oğuzhanoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Intrinsic Muscles

ABSTRACT Introduction: Routine conduction studies reflect the summation of all nerve fibers in a peripheral nerve. Nerve fiber groups to distal, small muscles have smaller diameters than the ones to large proximal muscles. There may be minimal differences between the diameters of nerve fiber groups innervating different muscles; even they are all same type of fibers. So, in neuropathic processes some nerve fiber groups may be more seriously affected. Materials and Methods: 14 rats ( 7 diabetic, 7 control) were studied. Tibial nerve was stimulated from two points and while recorded from a distal (foot intrinsic muscles) and a proximal (gastrocnemius) muscle. Results: There was a significant difference between the proximal and distal recorded conduction velocities. Both proximal and distal recorded conduction velocities decreased during the hyperglycemic process. Discussion: Our method successfully demonstrated different nerve fiber groups; but, the neuropathic process seemed to be homogeneous in both fiber groups.

scholarly journals ASSESMENT OF ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIONS OF ADIPOSE-DERIVED MESEMCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN EXPERIMENTAL PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-534
Author(s):  
A.-M. Yerofeyeva ◽  
◽  
I. Zhavaranak ◽  
O. Antipova ◽  
N. Schastnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nociceptive Sensitivity ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Nociceptive Responses ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To estimate an anti-nociceptive and regenerative potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in experimental post-traumatic neuropathy in rats. Methods. Neuropathic pain was induced by axotomy technique in rat left hind paw (Wistar rats (n=113)). The respective group of subjects received ADMSCs dose of 1×10<sup>6</sup> cells/kg and 2×10<sup>6</sup> cells/kg into the site of sciatic nerve injury at 2 regimens: single (7<sup>th</sup> day post-surgery) and twice (7<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> day post-surgery). Nociceptive responses, as well as histological changes of sciatic nerve and perineural tissue were assessed in dynamics. Results. Sciatic nerve axotomy led to a significant increase of mechanical nociceptive sensitivity of ipsilateral hind paw by 7<sup>th</sup> day, as well as to fibrotic changes of peri- and epineural areas of damaged nerve fibers and to denervation of surrounding muscle tissue and fascia. Local administration of ADMSCs effectively abolished mechanical hyperalgesia by 14<sup>th</sup> day after first injection at all regimens tested. Among tested regimens, the most pronounced anti-nociceptive and regenerative effects were induced by single injection of ADMSCs (1×10<sup>6</sup> cells/kg). As the dose and frequency of ADMSCs administration elevated, their reparative and anti-inflammatory properties reduced. Conclusion. Obtained results testify anti-nociceptive potential of ADMSCs and feasibility of its further investigation on the experimental models of neuropathy. What this paper adds For the first time the impact of different regimen of allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) transplantation on nociceptive sensitivity and microstructure changes of sciatic nerve in rats with peripheral neuropathy has been studied. Allogenic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells at a dose of 1×10<sup>6</sup> cells/kg has been found out to exhibit the most powerful anti-nociceptive and regenerative effects with a single local injection confirmed by algometry and histological study.

Changes in Crossed Spinal Reflexes After Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1763-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Valero-Cabré ◽  
Xavier Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Injury And Repair

We investigated the changes induced in crossed extensor reflex responses after peripheral nerve injury and repair in the rat. Adults rats were submitted to non repaired sciatic nerve crush (CRH, n = 9), section repaired by either aligned epineurial suture (CS, n = 11) or silicone tube (SIL4, n = 13), and 8 mm resection repaired by tubulization (SIL8, n = 12). To assess reinnervation, the sciatic nerve was stimulated proximal to the injury site, and the evoked compound muscle action potential (M and H waves) from tibialis anterior and plantar muscles and nerve action potential (CNAP) from the tibial nerve and the 4th digital nerve were recorded at monthly intervals for 3 mo postoperation. Nociceptive reinnervation to the hindpaw was also assessed by plantar algesimetry. Crossed extensor reflexes were evoked by stimulation of the tibial nerve at the ankle and recorded from the contralateral tibialis anterior muscle. Reinnervation of the hindpaw increased progressively with time during the 3 mo after lesion. The degree of muscle and sensory target reinnervation was dependent on the severity of the injury and the nerve gap created. The crossed extensor reflex consisted of three bursts of activity (C1, C2, and C3) of gradually longer latency, lower amplitude, and higher threshold in control rats. During follow-up after sciatic nerve injury, all animals in the operated groups showed recovery of components C1 and C2 and of the reflex H wave, whereas component C3 was detected in a significantly lower proportion of animals in groups with tube repair. The maximal amplitude of components C1 and C2 recovered to values higher than preoperative values, reaching final levels between 150 and 245% at the end of the follow-up in groups CRH, CS, and SIL4. When reflex amplitude was normalized by the CNAP amplitude of the regenerated tibial nerve, components C1 (300–400%) and C2 (150–350%) showed highly increased responses, while C3 was similar to baseline levels. In conclusion, reflexes mediated by myelinated sensory afferents showed, after nerve injuries, a higher degree of facilitation than those mediated by unmyelinated fibers. These changes tended to decline toward baseline values with progressive reinnervation but still remained significant 3 mo after injury.

scholarly journals Sex-related differences in response to masseteric injections of glutamate and nerve growth factor in healthy human participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman M. Alhilou ◽  
Akiko Shimada ◽  
Camilla I. Svensson ◽  
Peter Svensson ◽  
Malin Ernberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractThe neurophysiological mechanisms underlying NGF-induced masseter muscle sensitization and sex-related differences in its effect are not well understood in humans. Therefore, this longitudinal cohort study aimed to investigate the effect of NGF injection on the density and expression of substance P, NMDA-receptors and NGF by the nerve fibers in the human masseter muscle, to correlate expression with pain characteristics, and to determine any possible sex-related differences in these effects of NGF. The magnitude of NGF-induced mechanical sensitization and pain during oral function was significantly greater in women than in men (P < 0.050). Significant positive correlations were found between nerve fiber expression of NMDA-receptors and peak pain intensity (rs = 0.620, P = 0.048), and expression of NMDA-receptors by putative nociceptors and change in temporal summation pain after glutamate injection (rs = 0.561, P = 0.003). In women, there was a significant inverse relationship between the degree of NGF-induced mechanical sensitization and the change in nerve fiber expression of NMDA-receptors alone (rs = − 0.659, P = 0.013), and in combination with NGF (rs = − 0.764, P = 0.001). In conclusion, women displayed a greater magnitude of NGF-induced mechanical sensitization that also was associated with nerve fibers expression of NMDA-receptors, when compared to men. The present findings suggest that, in women, increased peripheral NMDA-receptor expression could be associated with masseter muscle pain sensitivity.

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