Information-Measuring System to Measure Fluid and Granular Media Flow Velocities in Pipelines

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Quantitative development and structure of zoobenthos in channels on the left margin of the Selenga River delta

There are only a few studies on zoobenthos in the delta of the Selenga River located at the junction of Lake Baikal and its largest tributary. The present work provides the results of research on zoobenthos in the southern (left) Selenga delta channels in 2002. Baikal amphipods and bivalves are widespread up to the upper delta. The direction and velocity of the water flow in the delta induced change of a river zoobenthos complex for a limnophilous one. Baikal amphipods are responsible for high quantitative indicators of zoobenthos in the southern channels of the delta. Low parameters of quantitative development of zoobenthos were registered during summertime. Organic matter from the catchment area of the Selenga River provides trophic resources for zoobenthos. Amphipods, bivalves and oligochaetes are involved in the transformations of suspended, sedimented and buried fractions of allochthonous matter. The authors obtained evidence on maintenance of the principal properties of the delta ecosystem as an ecotone at the time of research.

Examination of Prognostic Factors Affecting Long-Term Survival of Patients with Stage 3/4 Gallbladder Cancer without Distant Metastasis

In advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) radical resection, if multiple prognostic factors are present, the outcome may be poor; however, the details remain unclear. To investigate the poor prognostic factors affecting long-term surgical outcome, we examined 157 cases of resected stage 3/4 GBC without distant metastasis between 1985 and 2017. Poor prognostic factors for overall survival and treatment outcomes of a number of predictable preoperative poor prognostic factors were evaluated. The surgical mortality was 4.5%. In multivariate analysis, blood loss, poor histology, liver invasion, and ≥4 regional lymph node metastases (LNMs) were independent prognostic factors for poor surgical outcomes; invasion of the left margin or the entire area of the hepatoduodenal ligament and a Clavien–Dindo classification ≥3 were marginal factors. The analysis identified outcomes of patients with factors that could be predicted preoperatively, such as liver invasion ≥5 mm, invasion of the left margin or the entire area of the hepatoduodenal ligament, and ≥4 regional LNMs. Thus, the five-year overall survival was 54% for zero factors, 34% for one factor, and 4% for two factors (p < 0.05). A poor surgical outcome was likely when two or more factors were predicted preoperatively; therefore, new treatment strategies are required for such patients.

Ichthyofauna of the ribeirão Sucuri, tributary of rio Tietê, upper rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil

The ribeir&atilde;o Sucuri, a tributary of the rio Tiet&ecirc;, and part of the upper rio Paran&aacute; basin, is located in the municipality&nbsp;of Ponga&iacute;, S&atilde;o Paulo state. The ichthyofauna of ribeir&atilde;o Sucuri was sampled at nine collection sites in May 2018.&nbsp;Our study captured 408 specimens representing five orders, 11 families, and 35 species. Among the species collected,&nbsp;two have not been previously reported from the rio Tiet&ecirc; basin: Eigenmannia guairaca Peixoto, Dutra &amp; Wosiacki,&nbsp;2015 and Hoplias misionera Rosso, Mabraga&ntilde;a, Gonz&aacute;lez-Castro, Delpiani, Avigliano, Schenone &amp; D&iacute;as de Astarloa,&nbsp;2016. Additionally, four species were found that are non-native: Hoplias misionera, Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859,&nbsp;Roeboides descalvadensis Fowler, 1932, and Satanoperca sp. This study represents the first fish inventory of a tributary&nbsp;on the left margin of the Tiet&ecirc;-Batalha sub-basin and only the second for this portion of the rio Tiet&ecirc;. Our results&nbsp;increase to 55 the number of species recorded from this sub-basin and add data on the putative morphological variation&nbsp;in several species.

Paleogene to Quaternary geodynamical evolution of the lowland Central Amazonia inferred by weathering phases dating

&lt;p&gt;The landscape in lowland Amazonia is shaped by large rivers, whose depositional-erosive dynamics built fluvial terraces covered by upland forests. Thus, fluvial deposits distributed across lowland Amazonia are of crucial relevance since they represent the best accessible archives to study the history of environment and climate change. The timing of the assembly of the modern transcontinental Amazon River is considered a key event in the landscape evolution of Amazonia, however, proposed ages range from Miocene, early Pliocene to Pliocene/Pleistocene. Therefore, regional stratigraphic correlations need to improve to ensure a better understanding of reconstructions of past conditions in Amazonia during the Cenozoic. Yet, these are difficult due to the lack of absolute ages to constrain phases of sediment deposition or erosion and weathering. In lowland central Amazonia, past environmental conditions are recorded in the Alter do Ch&amp;#227;o and Novo Remanso Formations. Both units are dominated by sandy and highly oxidized sediments with scarce paleontological remains complicating the application of biostratigraphy dating methods. The Alter do Ch&amp;#227;o and Novo Remanso Formations are well exposed in the left margin of the Solim&amp;#245;es-Amazon River main stem and show remarkable zones rich in supergene iron weathering products, which has been used to define the stratigraphic boundaries among the Alter do Ch&amp;#227;o Formation, Novo Remanso Formation and overlying sediments. In this study, we use the (U-Th-Sm)/He dating method on goethite and hematite grains to determine the age of iron-enrichment layers and duricrusts that mark boundary surfaces used to define the stratigraphic framework of the Alter do Ch&amp;#227;o and Novo Remanso formations. The (U-Th-Sm)/He ages allow to improve chronological constraints for both formations and to discuss the timing of fluvial terraces building and weathering conditions in central Amazonia through time.&lt;/p&gt;

Morphological Aspects of Antennal Sensilla of the Rhodnius brethesi Matta, 1919 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from the Negro River, Amazon Region of Brazil

Studies conducted in river Ererê located in the left margin of Negro River, municipality of Barcelos, state of Amazonas, have confirmed that Rhodnius brethesi has as its natural habitat the palm tree Leopoldinia piassaba. By scanning electron microscopy, sensillum type was studied on the antennae of R. brethesi. The specimens used come from the field and laboratory colony. No differences were observed between R. brethesi and other Triatominae studied. In the R. brethesi antennas, differences were observed only between the antennal segments and in the dorsal and ventral portions. Trichobothria sensilla show a difference with a lamellar base, suggesting that this conformation of the base of the sensilla is a synapomorphic feature of the genus. Another important observation is that, considering that R. brethesi is a specialist, infesting only one type of palm tree, trichoidea sensilla may be involved with plant-derived odorants. The knowledge of such functions could benefit the understanding of the likely biological role of these structures in chemical communication and also provide basic information for future studies of niche recognition, since this species of triatomine is only found in the L. piassaba palm.

A New Method to Estimate Skew Angle in Printed and Historical Document Images

In this paper, a new approach to assess the skew angle for scanned/printed documents and historical document images has been proposed. This is substantial for an automatic document processing system (as text and image segmentation) to avert errors in auxiliary stages. The proposed tactic is based on the statistical analysis of the slope of the connected lines in the document. The proposed technique detects skew and corrects it by initial letter (X1, Y1+200) from left margin of the resized (800X800) image and (X1+200, Y1) from top margin. Final letter (X2, Y2-200) and (X2-200, Y2) were chosen from right and bottom margins of the same image. The skew angle estimation is done for standard skewed dataset and effective correction of the same is performed with minimum errors

“Old, Old Words, Worn Thin”

This essay examines a probable second draft of the Borges story “El inmortal”, originally published as “Los inmortales” in Los Anales de Buenos Aires in February 1947, and subsequently included as the lead story in the short story collection El Aleph in 1949. The manuscript, which is now in Special Collections at Michigan State University Libraries, includes late revisions, though it seems to have been the copy sent to the compositors for Los Anales. There are several printer’s marks that indicate where to place the illustrations, two by Amanda Molina y Vedia and one by the writer’s sister, Norah Borges. This manuscript does not contain bibliographical references in the left margin, a feature of some other Borges manuscripts from this time, although the story itself includes acknowledged and unacknowledged quotations from a variety of sources.

Undersweep-fixations during reading in adults and children

Return sweeps take a reader’s fixation from the end of one line to the start of the next. Return sweeps frequently undershoot their target and are followed by a corrective saccade toward the left margin. The pauses prior to corrective saccades are typically considered to be uninvolved in linguistic processing. However, recent findings indicate that these undersweep fixations influence skilled adult readers’ subsequent reading pass across the line and provide a preview of line-initial words. The current research examined these effects in children. First, a children’s reading corpus analysis revealed that words receiving an undersweep fixation were more likely skipped and received shorter gaze durations during a subsequent pass. Second, a novel eye movement experiment that directly compared adults’ and children’s eye movements indicated that, during an undersweep fixation, readers very briefly allocate their attention to the fixated word—as indicated by inhibition of return effects during a subsequent pass—prior to deploying attention toward the line-initial word. We argue that prior to the redeployment of attention, readers extract information at the point of fixation that facilitates later encoding and saccade targeting. Given similar patterns of results for adults and children, we conclude that the mechanisms controlling for oculomotor coordination and attention necessary for reading across line boundaries are established from a very early point in reading development.