scholarly journals ВИВЧЕННЯ АДАПТАЦІЙНИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ПРИ КОМПРЕСІЇ ПЛЕЧА МАНЖЕТОЮ

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Vakulenko ◽  
L. O. Vakulenko ◽  
O. V. Kutakova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Increased Activity

It were studied the adaptive mechanisms of the organism to compression of shoulder with cuff. Shoulder compression during blood pressure measurements perceived by the body as stress. The adaptation of the body to the shoulder compression in young adults (18-20 years old) accompanied by an increased activity of peripheral, autonomic, hypothalamic-pituitary level of regulation of the cardiovascular system; but the activity of the central nervous system do not increasing. Extension studies using time and spectral analysis of ECG in various intervals will make it possible to re-use the obtained data to study the adaptive capacity of individual sections of the myocardium during compression of shoulder and under the influence of other factors.

The Pathogenesis of Somatic Disease in Mental Defectives

1951 ◽  
Vol 97 (409) ◽  
pp. 792-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Crome
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Somatic Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mental Defectives ◽  
The Brain

The problems of the interdependence and unity of the brain and body have been put on a scientific basis by Pavlov and his successors. Bykov (1947) has, for example, been able to demonstrate that the cortex plays a leading part in the regulation of somatic processes, such as secretion of urine, blood pressure, peristalsis and metabolism. It is therefore reasonable to argue that lesions of the central nervous system will be reflected in the pathogenesis and course of morbid processes in the body. It does not follow, however, that this influence will necessarily be in the direction of greater lability, more rapid pathogenesis or more extensive destruction. The outstanding feature of the central nervous system is its plasticity and power of compensation. It is therefore possible and probable that those parts of the nervous system which remain intact will take over and compensate for the function of the lost ones. Emotion may, for example, lead to polyuria, but it does not follow that urinary secretion will be impaired in a leucotomized patient. The brain may well play an important part in the infective processes of a normal person, but the defence against infection in a microcephalic idiot may remain perfectly adequate, and may even be more effective than in a normal person, provided that the mechanism of the immunity and phagocytosis had been more fully mobilized in the course of his previous life.

Characteristics of the dynamics of the central nervous system and att ention function in workers of shoe production

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
F. L. Azizova ◽  
U. A. Boltaboev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Functional State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Universal Device ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Working Day

The features of production factors established at the main workplaces of shoe production are considered. The materials on the results of the study of the functional state of the central nervous system of women workers of shoe production in the dynamics of the working day are presented. The level of functional state of the central nervous system was determined by the speed of visual and auditory-motor reactions, installed using the universal device chronoreflexometer. It was revealed that in the body of workers of shoe production there is an early development of inhibitory processes in the central nervous system, which is expressed in an increase in the number of errors when performing tasks on proofreading tables. It was found that the most pronounced shift s in auditory-motor responses were observed in professional groups, where higher levels of noise were registered in the workplace. The correlation analysis showed a close direct relationship between the growth of mistakes made in the market and the decrease in production. An increase in the time spent on the task indicates the occurrence and growth of production fatigue.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Neural Stem Cells to Glial Cells an Important Factor for Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future

Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into any type of cell or organ. Stems cell originate from any part of the body, including the brain. Brain cells or rather neural stem cells have the capacitive advantage of differentiating into the central nervous system leading to the formation of neurons and glial cells. Neural stem cells should have a source by editing DNA, or by mixings chemical enzymes of iPSCs. By this method, a limitless number of neuron stem cells can be obtained. Increase in supply of NSCs help in repairing glial cells which in-turn heal the central nervous system. Generally, brain injuries cause motor and sensory deficits leading to stroke. With all trials from novel therapeutic methods to enhanced rehabilitation time, the economy and quality of life is suppressed. Only PSCs have proven effective for grafting cells into NSCs. Neurons derived from stem cells is the only challenge that limits in-vitro usage in the near future.

RAS in the Central Nervous System: Potential Role in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
pp. 3333-3352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pessoa Rocha ◽  
Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva ◽  
Thiago Ruiz Rodrigues Prestes ◽  
Victor Feracin ◽  
Caroline Amaral Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Mas Receptor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Background: The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is a key regulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis, but also plays important roles in mediating physiological functions in the central nervous system (CNS). The effects of the RAS were classically described as mediated by angiotensin (Ang) II via angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors. However, another arm of the RAS formed by the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Ang-(1-7) and the Mas receptor has been a matter of investigation due to its important physiological roles, usually counterbalancing the classical effects exerted by Ang II. Objective: We aim to provide an overview of effects elicited by the RAS, especially Ang-(1-7), in the brain. We also aim to discuss the therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric disorders for the modulation of RAS. Method: We carried out an extensive literature search in PubMed central. Results: Within the brain, Ang-(1-7) contributes to the regulation of blood pressure by acting at regions that control cardiovascular functions. In contrast with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) improves baroreflex sensitivity and plays an inhibitory role in hypothalamic noradrenergic neurotransmission. Ang-(1-7) not only exerts effects related to blood pressure regulation, but also acts as a neuroprotective component of the RAS, for instance, by reducing cerebral infarct size, inflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Conclusion: Pre-clinical evidence supports a relevant role for ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including stress-related and mood disorders, cerebrovascular ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions and neurodegenerative diseases. However, very few data are available regarding the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in human CNS.

scholarly journals VI. —Anaphylaxis and anaphylatoxins

1923 ◽  
Vol 211 (382-390) ◽  
pp. 273-315 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Fundamental Conception ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the study of the phenomena of anaphylaxis there are certain points on which some measure of agreement seems to have been attained. In the case of anaphylaxis to soluble proteins, with which alone we are directly concerned in this paper, the majority of investigators probably accept the view that the condition is due to the formation of an antibody of the precipitin type. Concerning the method, however, by which the presence of this antibody causes the specific sensitiveness, the means by which its interaction with the antibody produces the anaphylactic shock, there is a wide divergence of conception. Two main currents of speculation can be discerned. One view, historically rather the earlier, and first put forward by Besredka (1) attributes the anaphylactic condition to the location of the antibody in the body cells. There is not complete unanimity among adherents of this view as to the nature of the antibody concerned, or as to the class of cells containing it which are primarily affected in the anaphylactic shock. Besredka (2) himself has apparently not accepted the identification of the anaphylactic antibody with a precipitin, but regards it as belonging to a special class (sensibilisine). He also regards the cells of the central nervous system as those primarily involved in the anaphylactic shock in the guinea-pig. Others, including one of us (3), have found no adequate reason for rejecting the strong evidence in favour of the precipitin nature of the anaphylactic antibody, produced by Doerr and Russ (4), Weil (5), and others, and have accepted and confirmed the description of the rapid anaphylactic death in the guinea-pig as due to a direct stimulation of the plain-muscle fibres surrounding the bronchioles, causing valve-like obstruction of the lumen, and leading to asphyxia, with the characteristic fixed distension of the lungs, as first described by Auer and Lewis (6), and almost simultaneously by Biedl and Kraus (7). But the fundamental conception of anaphylaxis as due to cellular location of an antibody, and of the reaction as due to the union of antigen and antibody taking place in the protoplasm, is common to a number of workers who thus differ on details.

The Co-Ordination of Insect Movements

1957 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-333
Author(s):  
G. M. HUGHES
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Normal Movement ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Blatta Orientalis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Leg Movements

I. The effects of limb amputation and the cutting of commissures on the movements of the cockroach Blatta orientalis have been investigated with the aid of cinematography. Detailed analyses of changes in posture and rhythm of leg movements are given. 2. It is shown that quite marked changes occur following the amputation of a single leg or the cutting of a single commissure between the thoracic ganglia. 3. Changes following the amputation of a single leg are immediate and are such that the support normally provided by the missing leg is taken over by the two remaining legs on that side. Compensatory movements are also found in the contralateral legs. 4. When two legs of opposite sides are amputated it has been confirmed that the diagonal sequence tends to be adopted, but this is not invariably true. Besides alterations in the rhythm which this may involve, there are again adaptive modifications in the movements of the limbs with respect to the body. 5. When both comrnissures between the meso- and metathoracic ganglia are cut, the hind pair of legs fall out of rhythm with the other four legs. The observations on the effects of cutting commissures stress the importance of intersegmental pathways in co-ordination. 6. It is shown that all modifications following the amputation of legs may be related to the altered mechanical conditions. Some of the important factors involved in normal co-ordination are discussed, and it is suggested that the altered movements would be produced by the operation of these factors under the new conditions. It is concluded that the sensory inflow to the central nervous system is of major importance in the co-ordination of normal movement.

Intrasellar Paraganglioma with Suprasellar Extension: Case Report

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Del Basso De Caro ◽  
Antonella Siciliano ◽  
Paolo Cappabianca ◽  
Alessandra Alfieri ◽  
Enrico de Divitiis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Sellar Region ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Suprasellar Extension

Paragangliomas are usually benign tumors which can be found in many sites of the body, from the base of the skull down to the pelvic floor. In the central nervous system the sellar region is very rarely involved; only three well studied cases have been reported to date. We present the cytological, histological, histochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural features of an intrasellar and suprasellar paraganglioma in an 84-year-old man.

ANTICHOLINERGIC POISONING: TREATMENT WITH PHYSOSTIGMINE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-451
Author(s):  
Barry H. Rumack
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Exocrine Glands ◽  
Anticholinergic Syndrome ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The increased incidence of poisoning by overdoses of commonly used drugs with anticholinergic properties (Table I) and the general lack of knowledge concerning a specific treatment for these poisons warrants a summary of the problem at this time. Some plants containing anticholinergic alkaloids are also included in this group as they may also be taken intentionally or accidentally. Drugs with anticholinergic properties primanly antagonize acetylcholine competitively at the neuroreceptor site. Cardiac muscle, exocrine glands, and smooth muscle are most markedly affected.1 Action of the inhibitors is overcome by increasing the level of acetylcholine naturally generated in the body through inhibiting the enzyme (choline esterase) which normally prevents accumulation of excess acetylcholine. It does this by hydrolyzing that compound to inactive acetic acid and choline. Agents which inhibit this enzyme, so that acetylcholine accumulates at the neuroreceptor sites, are called anticholine esterases. Physostigmine, one of the anticholine esterases which is a tertiary amine, crosses into the central nervous system and can reverse both central and peripheral anticholinergic actions2. Neostigmine and pyridostigmine are also anticholine esterases but they are quaternary amines and are capable of acting only outside the central nervous system because of solubility and ionization characteristics. The anticholinergic syndrome has both central and peripheral signs and symptoms. Central toxic effects include anxiety, delirium, disorientation, hallucinations, hyperactivity, and seizures.2 Severe poisoning may produce coma, medullary paralysis, and death. Peripheral taxicity is characterized by tachycardia, hyperpyrexia, mydriasis, vasodilatation, urinary retention, diminution of gastrointestinal motility, decrease of secretion in salivary and sweat glands, and loss of secretions in the pharynx, bronchi, and nasal passages.

The Giant Nerve-Fibres in the Central Nervous System of Myxicola (Polychaeta, Sabellidae)

1948 ◽  
Vol s3-89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
J.A. C. NICOL
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Usual Sense ◽  
Fibrous Sheath ◽  
Giant Fibre ◽  
The Central Nervous System

1. A description is given of the main features of the central nervous system of Myxicola infundibulum Rénier. 2. The nerve-cord is double in the first four thoracic segments and single posteriorly. It shows segmental swellings but is not ganglionated in the usual sense in that nerve-cell accumulations are not related directly to such swellings of the cord. 3. A very large axon lies within the dorsal portion of the nerve-cord and extends from the supra-oesophageal ganglia to the posterior end of the animal. It is small in the head ganglia where it passes transversely across the mid-line, increases in diameter in the oesophageal connectives, and expands to very large size, up to 1 mm., in the posterior thorax and anterior abdomen, and gradually tapers off to about 100µ in the posterior body. It shows segmental swellings corresponding to those of the nerve-cord in each segment. It occupies about 27 per cent, of the volume of the central nervous system and 0.3 per cent, of the volume of the animal. The diameter of the fibre increases during contraction of the worm. 4. The giant fibre is a continuous structure throughout its length, without internal dividing membranes or septa. Usually a branch of the giant fibre lies in each half of the nerve-cord in the anterior thoracic segments and these several branches are continuous with one another longitudinally and transversely. 5. The giant fibre is connected with nerve-cells along its entire course; it arises from a pair of cells in the supra-oesophageal ganglia, and receives the processes of many nerve-cells in each segment. There is no difference between the nerve-cells of the giant fibre and the other nerve-cells of the cord. 6. A distinct fibrous sheath invests the giant fibre. A slight concentration of lipoid can be revealed in this sheath by the use of Sudan black. 7. About eight peripheral branches arise from the giant fibre in each segment. They have a complex course in the nerve-cord where they anastomose with one another and receive the processes of nerve-cells. Peripherally, they are distributed to the longitudinal musculature. 8. Specimens surviving 16 days following section of the nerve-cord in the thorax have shown that the giant fibre does not degenerate in front of or behind a cut, thus confirming that it is a multicellular structure connected to nerve-cells in the thorax and abdomen. 9. It is concluded that the giant fibre of M. infundibulum is a large syncytial structure, extending throughout the entire central nervous system and the body-wall of the animal. 10. The giant fibre system of M. aesthetica resembles that of M. infundibulum. 11. Some implications of the possession of such a giant axon are discussed. It is suggested that its size, structure, and simplicity lead to rapid conduction and thus effect a considerable saving of reaction time, of considerable value to the species when considered in the light of the quick contraction which it mediates. The adoption of a sedentary mode of existence has permitted this portion of the central nervous system to become developed at the expense of other elements concerned with errant habits.

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