scholarly journals Feline sporotrichosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e188291
Author(s):  
Ligia Neves Scuarcialupi ◽  
Fernando Cortez Pereira ◽  
Oswaldo Santos Baquero
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Causal Explanation ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Priority Index ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
Bayesian Spatial Models

Over the past two decades, many Brazilian cities have been reporting an increasing incidence and spread of feline sporotrichosis. The disease is neglected, and little is known about the causal processes underlying its epidemic occurrence. This study characterized the spatiotemporal dynamics of feline sporotrichosis in Guarulhos. Moreover, we proposed and tested a causal explanation for its occurrence and zoonotic transmission, giving a key role to social vulnerability. A direct acyclic graph represented the causal explanation, while Bayesian spatial models supported its test as well as the attribution of a risk-based priority index to the census tracts of the city. Between 2011 and 2017, the disease grew exponentially and the spatial spread increased. The model findings showed a dose-response pattern between an index of social vulnerability and the incidence of feline sporotrichosis. This pattern was not strictly monotonic, so some census tracts received a higher priority index than others with higher vulnerability. According to our causal explanation, there will not be effective prevention of feline and zoonotic sporotrichosis as long as social inequities continue imposing precarious livelihoods.

Bayesian spatial models of the association between interpersonal violence, animal abuse and social vulnerability in São Paulo, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Santos Baquero ◽  
Fernando Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Robis ◽  
José Soares Ferreira Neto ◽  
Jason Ardila Onell
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Animal Abuse ◽  
Bayesian Spatial Models

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Incidence Among Louisiana Census Tracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Biggs ◽  
Patrick M. Maloney ◽  
Ariane L. Rung ◽  
Edward S. Peters ◽  
William T. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To examine the association between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and COVID-19 incidence among Louisiana census tracts.Methods: An ecological study comparing the CDC SVI and census tract-level COVID-19 case counts was conducted. Choropleth maps were used to identify census tracts with high levels of both social vulnerability and COVID-19 incidence. Negative binomial regression with random intercepts was used to compare the relationship between overall CDC SVI percentile and its four sub-themes and COVID-19 incidence, adjusting for population density.Results: In a crude stratified analysis, all four CDC SVI sub-themes were significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence. Census tracts with higher levels of social vulnerability were associated with higher COVID-19 incidence after adjusting for population density (adjusted RR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.41-1.65).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that increased social vulnerability is linked with COVID-19 incidence. Additional resources should be allocated to areas of increased social disadvantage to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 in vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals HGBEnviroScreen: Enabling Community Action through Data Integration in the Houston–Galveston–Brazoria Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Bhandari ◽  
P. Grace Tee Lewis ◽  
Elena Craft ◽  
Skylar W. Marvel ◽  
David M. Reif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Baseline Health

The Houston–Galveston–Brazoria (HGB) region faces numerous environmental and public health challenges from both natural disasters and industrial activity, but the historically disadvantaged communities most often impacted by such risks have limited ability to access and utilize big data for advocacy efforts. We developed HGBEnviroScreen to identify and prioritize regions of heightened vulnerability, in part to assist communities in understanding risk factors and developing environmental justice action plans. While similar in objectives to existing environmental justice tools, HGBEnviroScreen is unique in its ability to integrate and visualize national and local data to address regional concerns. For the 1090 census tracts in the HGB region, we accrued data into five domains: (i) social vulnerability, (ii) baseline health, (iii) environmental exposures and risks, (iv) environmental sources, and (v) flooding. We then integrated and visualized these data using the Toxicological Prioritization Index (ToxPi). We found that the highest vulnerability census tracts have multifactorial risk factors, with common drivers being flooding, social vulnerability, and proximity to environmental sources. Thus, HGBEnviroScreen is not only helping identify communities of greatest overall vulnerability but is also providing insights into which domains would most benefit from improved planning, policy, and action in order to reduce future vulnerability.

scholarly journals Índices de vulnerabilidade social e programático para idosos que vivem no domicilio

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-178
Author(s):  
Alisson Fernandes Bolina ◽  
Rosalina Aparecida Partezani Rodrigues ◽  
Darlene Mara dos Santos Tavares ◽  
Vanderlei José Haas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Very High

Objectives: Build Social and Programmatic Vulnerability indices for older people living at home and verify the association of vulnerability components (individual, social and programmatic). Methods: It is a population based study, household and transversal survey type, conducted with 701 community older adults. Descriptive and bivariate exploratory spatial analysis was conducted (p≤ 0.05) as well as analysis of Main Components. Results: By means of the indices, it was observed that peripheral census tracts presented very high social vulnerability levels and that the main variables representative of the programmatic component – access to dentist via SUS, medications, and search of the same care location. It was verified that only 3.9% of the older adults did not present some level of vulnerability (individual, social and programmatic). Conclusion: Older adults are exposed to multiple vulnerability conditions, and Social and Programmatic Vulnerability indices are important tools for managers’ decision making. Objetivos: Construir los índices de vulnerabilidad social y vulnerabilidad de programas para personas mayores que viven en el hogar y verificar la asociación entre los componentes de vulnerabilidad (individual, social y programática). Métodos: Este es un estudio basado en la población del tipo de encuesta de hogares y transversal realizada con 701 miembros de la comunidad de ancianos. Se realizaron análisis exploratorios, descriptivos y bivariados (p≤ 0.05) y componentes principales. Resultados: A través de los índices, se descubrió que los sectores censales periféricos mostraban niveles muy altos de vulnerabilidad social y que las principales variables representativas del componente programático eran: acceso al dentista por SUS, medicamentos y demanda desde el mismo lugar de servicio. Se encontró que solo el 3.9% de los ancianos no tenían ninguna condición de vulnerabilidad (individual, social y programática). Conclusión: Los ancianos están expuestos a múltiples condiciones de vulnerabilidad; Los índices de vulnerabilidad social y programática son herramientas importantes para la toma de decisiones por parte de los gerentes. Objetivos: Construir os Índices de Vulnerabilidade Social e de Vulnerabilidade Programática para idosos que vivem no domicílio e verificar a associação entre os componentes da vulnerabilidade (individual, social e programática). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de base populacional do tipo inquérito domiciliar e transversal conduzido com 701 idosos comunitários. Realizou-se análise espacial exploratório, descritiva e bivariada (p≤ 0,05) e de Componentes Principais. Resultados: Através dos índices, verificou-se que os setores censitários periféricos apresentaram níveis de vulnerabilidade social muito elevados e que as principais variáveis representativas do componente programático foram - acesso ao dentista pelo SUS, à medicamentos e procura do mesmo local de atendimento. Constatou-se que apenas 3,9% dos idosos não apresentavam nenhuma condição de vulnerabilidade (individual, social e programático). Conclusão: Os idosos estão expostos as múltiplas condições de vulnerabilidade; sendo os Índices de Vulnerabilidade Social e Programática importantes ferramentas de tomada de decisão pelos gestores.

scholarly journals Using geo-spatial analysis for assessing the risk of hospital admissions due to community-acquired pneumonia in under-5 children and its association with socially vulnerable areas (Brazil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Coelho Pina ◽  
Luana Seles Alves ◽  
Luiz Henrique Arroyo ◽  
Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio ◽  
Ellen Cristina Gondim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Density Estimator ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Spatial Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Abstract Background The concentration of under-5 child morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia in developing countries reflects the social inequities. This study aimed to map and assess the spatial risk for hospitalization due to Community-Acquired Pneumonia in children under 5 years of age and its association with vulnerable areas. Methods Ecological study in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The study population consisted of hospitalized under-5 children, diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, in Ribeirão Preto-São Paulo-Brazil, from 2012 to 2013. Data were collected in different databases, by a trained team, between March 2012 and August 2013 and from the 2010 Demographic Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The 956 urban census tracts were considered as the units of analysis. The incidence of cases per 10,000 inhabitants was calculated by census tracts during the study period. For the identification of the spatial risk clusters, the Kernel density estimator and the Getis-Ord Gi* technique were performed. Generalized additive models were used to verify the association between areas with social vulnerability and the occurrence of childhood pneumonia. Results The study included 265 children under the age of five, hospitalized due to community-acquired pneumonia. A concentration of cases was identified in the regions with greater social vulnerability (low income, poor housing conditions and homelessness), as well as a lower occurrence of cases in the most developed and economically privileged area of the city. The majority of the children lived in territories served by traditional primary healthcare units, in which the health surveillance and family and community focus are limited. It is important to highlight that the tracts with the highest degrees of vulnerability, such as those identified as high vulnerability (urban) and very high vulnerability (subnormal urban clusters). Conclusions The results contribute to the comprehension of the social factors involved in child hospitalization due to pneumonia, based on the analysis of the spatial distribution. This approach revealed a strategic tool for diagnosing the disparities as well presenting evidences for the planning in health and strength health care system in achieving equity, welfare and social protection of children.

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