scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Incidence Among Louisiana Census Tracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Biggs ◽  
Patrick M. Maloney ◽  
Ariane L. Rung ◽  
Edward S. Peters ◽  
William T. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To examine the association between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and COVID-19 incidence among Louisiana census tracts.Methods: An ecological study comparing the CDC SVI and census tract-level COVID-19 case counts was conducted. Choropleth maps were used to identify census tracts with high levels of both social vulnerability and COVID-19 incidence. Negative binomial regression with random intercepts was used to compare the relationship between overall CDC SVI percentile and its four sub-themes and COVID-19 incidence, adjusting for population density.Results: In a crude stratified analysis, all four CDC SVI sub-themes were significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence. Census tracts with higher levels of social vulnerability were associated with higher COVID-19 incidence after adjusting for population density (adjusted RR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.41-1.65).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that increased social vulnerability is linked with COVID-19 incidence. Additional resources should be allocated to areas of increased social disadvantage to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 in vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Injustices in pandemic vulnerability: A spatial-statistical analysis of the CDC Social Vulnerability Index and COVID-19 outcomes in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Song ◽  
Douglas Wiebe ◽  
Sara Solomon ◽  
Eugenia South
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The U.S

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health injustices in the U.S. driven by racism and other forms of structural violence. Research has shown the disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in the most marginalized communities. Objectives: We examined the associations between COVID-19 cumulative incidence (CI) and case-fatality risk (CFR) and the CDC's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a composite score assessing historical marginalization and thus vulnerability to disaster events. Methods: Using county-level data from national databases, we used population density, Gini index, percent uninsured, and average annual temperature as covariates, and employed negative binomial regression to evaluate relationships between SVI and COVID-19 outcomes. Optimized hot spot analysis identified hot spots of COVID-19 CI and CFR, which were compared in terms of SVI using logistic regression. Results: As of 2/3/21, 26,452,031 cases of and 448,786 deaths from COVID-19 had been reported in the U.S. Negative binomial regression showed that counties in the top SVI quintile reported 13.7% higher CI (p<0.001) than those in the bottom SVI quintile. Additionally, each unit increase in a county's SVI score was associated with a 0.2% increase in CFR (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that counties in the lowest SVI quintile had significantly greater odds of being in a CI hot spot than all other counties, yet counties in the highest SVI quintile had 63% greater odds (p=0.008) of being in a CFR hot spot than counties in the lowest SVI quintile. Conclusion: We demonstrated a significant relationship between SVI and CFR, but the relationship between SVI and CI is complex and warrants further investigation. SVI may help elucidate unequal impacts of COVID-19 and guide prioritization of vaccines to communities most impacted by structural injustices.

Impact of Social Vulnerability on Access to Educational Programming Designed to Enhance Living Donation

2021 ◽  
pp. 152692482110460
Author(s):  
Alexis J. Carter ◽  
Rhiannon D. Reed ◽  
A. Cozette Kale ◽  
Haiyan Qu ◽  
Vineeta Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Research Question ◽  
College Education ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Transplant Candidate

Introduction Transplant candidate participation in the Living Donor Navigator Program is associated with an increased likelihood of achieving living donor kidney transplantation; yet not every transplant candidate participates in navigator programming. Research Question We sought to assess interest and ability to participate in the Living Donor Navigator Program by the degree of social vulnerability. Design Eighty-two adult kidney-only candidates initiating evaluation at our center provided Likert-scaled responses to survey questions on interest and ability to participate in the Living Donor Navigator Program. Surveys were linked at the participant-level to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index and county health rankings and overall social vulnerability and subthemes, individual barriers, telehealth capabilities/ knowledge, interest, and ability to participate were assessed utilizing nonparametric Wilcoxon ranks sums tests, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. Results Participants indicating distance as a barrier to participation in navigator programming lived approximately 82 miles farther from our center. Disinterested participants lived in areas with the highest social vulnerability, higher physical inactivity rates, lower college education rates, and higher uninsurance (lack of insurance) and unemployment rates. Similarly, participants without a computer, who never heard of telehealth, and who were not encouraged to participate in telehealth resided in areas of highest social vulnerability. Conclusion These data suggest geography combined with being from under-resourced areas with high social vulnerability was negatively associated with health care engagement. Geography and poverty may be surrogates for lower health literacy and fewer health care interactions.

scholarly journals Multilevel analysis concerning the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in Argentina: A national population-based study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1619
Author(s):  
Daniela Moyano ◽  
Zarina Forclaz ◽  
Raúl M. Chaparro ◽  
Akram Hernández-Vásquez ◽  
Nilda R. Perovic
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Leisure time is a human right and has to be considered part of any health promotion initiative aimed at children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in urban contexts of Argentina, in 2012. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study using data from the Module on Activities of Girls, Boys and Adolescents of the Annual Urban Household Survey was carried out. In this survey, a self-administered instrument was applied to 25,915 individuals aged from 5 to 17. A Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was developed. Association was estimated by multilevel logistic regression. Results: Children and adolescents use most of their leisure time to carry out school activities (90.1%) with art activities having the lowest percentage (21.8%). In the multilevel models on the relationship between a high SVI and non-performance of socialization activities, the OR was 1.99 (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 1.28-3.12). The association between high SVI and non-use of ICT gave an OR of 14.17 (p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI: 5.13-39.17), and between high SVI and non-use of internet, an OR of 21.89 (p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI: 7.50-63.88). Conclusions: A high SVI negatively impacts on some healthy activities of leisure time for children and adolescents in Argentina. The SVI could be a useful tool to guide health promotion initiatives in this population.

VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL A INUNDAÇÕES DOS SETORES CENSITÁRIOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE PIRACURUCA (PI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-333
Author(s):  
Mayara Jordana De Castro Sousa ◽  
Francílio De Amorim Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Very High

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a vulnerabilidade a inundação dos setores censitários no município de Piracuruca, norte do estado do Piauí. A metodologia apresentou natureza descritiva e empregou dados alfanuméricos relacionados aos setores censitários definidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Desse modo, foram elencados 4 critérios para composição do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS), a saber: Demografia; Educação; Renda; Condições habitacionais. Utilizou-se a média aritmética simples para cálculo do IVS, cujos valores dos dados foram convertidos para porcentuais e manuseados no SIG QGIS, versão 2.14, para efetivação da união entre a tabela do (arquivo vetorial e planilha eletrônica) e sua espacialização. Foram definidas 5 classes para o IVS, a saber: muito baixa (0,00 a 0,93), baixa (0,93 a 1,86), média (1,86 a 2,78), alta (2,78, a 3,71) e muito alta (3,71 a 4,64). Por meio do IVS afirma-se que os setores urbanos exibem maior vulnerabilidade a processos de inundações, pois dos 44 setores 25 deles estão situados na classe Média a Muito Alta. Logo, um maior adensamento populacional, baixos níveis de instrução e renda e condições inadequadas de habitação contribuem para exercer maior pressão sobre os recursos naturais e acentuar o processo de inundação.Palavras-chave: Desastre natural; Rio Piracuruca; Risco. ABSTRACTThe objective of the research was to analyze the vulnerability to flooding of the census tracts in the municipality of Piracuruca, in the northern part of the state of Piauí. The methodology was descriptive and used alphanumerical data related to the census tracts defined by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Thus, four criteria were included for the composition of the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), namely: Demography; Education; Income; Housing conditions. We used the simple arithmetic mean to calculate the SVI, whose data values were converted to percentages and handled in the GIS QGIS, version 2.14, to effect the union between the table (vector file and spreadsheet) and its spatialization. Five classes were defined for IVS: very low (0.00 to 0.93), low (0.93 to 1.86), mean (1.86 to 2.78), high (2.78 to 3.71) and very high (3.71 to 4.64). Through the IVS, it is stated that the urban sectors are more vulnerable to flooding processes, because of the 44 sectors, 25 of them are located in the Medium to Very High class. Therefore, greater population density, low levels of education and income, and inadequate housing conditions contribute to putting more pressure on natural resources and accentuating the flooding process.Keywords: Natural disaster; Piracuruca River; Risk. RESUMENEl objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la vulnerabilidad a las inundaciones de las secciones censales en el municipio de Piracuruca, estado norteño de Piauí. La metodología fue descriptiva y empleó datos alfanuméricos relacionados con las secciones censales definidas por el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE). Por lo tanto, se enumeraron cuatro criterios para la composición del Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social (SIV), a saber: Demografía; Educación; Ingresos; Condiciones de vivienda. La media aritmética simple se utilizó para calcular el IVS, cuyos valores de datos se convirtieron en porcentajes y se manejaron en GIS QGIS, versión 2.14, para efectuar la unión entre la tabla (archivo vectorial y hoja de cálculo) y su espacialización. Se definieron cinco clases para IVS, a saber: muy baja (0.00 a 0.93), baja (0.93 a 1.86), media (1.86 a 2.78), alta (2.78 a 3.71) y muy alto (3.71 a 4.64). A través del IVS se afirma que los sectores urbanos son más vulnerables a los procesos de inundación, ya que de los 44 sectores, 25 de ellos están en la clase media a muy alta. Por lo tanto, mayores densidades de población, bajos niveles de educación e ingresos y condiciones inadecuadas de vivienda contribuyen a una mayor presión sobre los recursos naturales y acentúan el proceso de inundación.Keywords: Desastre Natural; Río Piracuruca; Riesgo.

scholarly journals Assessing the Relationship between Social Vulnerability, Social Capital, and Housing Resilience

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7718
Author(s):  
Sebastian Rowan ◽  
Kyle Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
The Social ◽  
Housing Recovery ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Social vulnerability and social capital have been shown to influence how severely communities are impacted by natural hazards and how quickly they recover. Indices exist to quantify these factors using publicly available data; however, more empirical research is needed to validate these indices and support their use in pre-disaster planning and decision making. Using data from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and data gathered through imagery analysis in Google Earth, this study evaluates the effectiveness of two indices of social vulnerability and social capital to predict housing impacts and rates of recovery in Florida and Puerto Rico following Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017. We found the social vulnerability index to be statistically significant in explaining the variation of housing impacts in both case studies, with varying results for the sub-indices of social vulnerability. Results for the social capital index were mixed between the case studies, and we found no statistically significant relationship between any of the indices and rates of housing recovery. Our results show that indices such as these can be useful, with an awareness of limitations, for researchers and emergency practitioners, and additional empirical analysis is needed to more fully support their efficacy for resilience assessment.

Social Vulnerability and Access of Local Medical Care During Hurricane Harvey: A Spatial Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
David S. Rickless ◽  
Grete E. Wilt ◽  
J. Danielle Sharpe ◽  
Noelle Molinari ◽  
William Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Socioeconomic Vulnerability ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Education And Employment

Abstract Objectives: When Hurricane Harvey struck the coastline of Texas in 2017, it caused 88 fatalities and over US $125 billion in damage, along with increased emergency department visits in Houston and in cities receiving hurricane evacuees, such as the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex (DFW). This study explored demographic indicators of vulnerability for patients from the Hurricane Harvey impact area who sought medical care in Houston and in DFW. The objectives were to characterize the vulnerability of affected populations presenting locally, as well as those presenting away from home, and to determine whether more vulnerable communities were more likely to seek medical care locally or elsewhere. Methods: We used syndromic surveillance data alongside the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index to calculate the percentage of patients seeking care locally by zip code tabulation area. We used this variable to fit a spatial lag regression model, controlling for population density and flood extent. Results: Communities with more patients presenting for medical care locally were significantly clustered and tended to have greater socioeconomic vulnerability, lower household composition vulnerability, and more extensive flooding. Conclusions: These findings suggest that populations remaining in place during a natural disaster event may have needs related to income, education, and employment, while evacuees may have more needs related to age, disability, and single-parent household status.

scholarly journals Multilevel analysis concerning the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in Argentina: A national population-based study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1619
Author(s):  
Daniela Moyano ◽  
Zarina Forclaz ◽  
Raúl M. Chaparro ◽  
Akram Hernández-Vásquez ◽  
Nilda R. Perovic
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Leisure time is a human right and has to be considered part of any health promotion initiative aimed at children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in urban contexts of Argentina, in 2012. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study using data from the Module on Activities of Girls, Boys and Adolescents of the Annual Urban Household Survey was carried out. In this survey, a self-administered instrument was applied to 25,915 individuals aged from 5 to 17. A Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was developed. Association was estimated by multilevel logistic regression. Results: Children and adolescents use most of their leisure time to carry out school activities (90.1%) with art activities having the lowest percentage (21.8%). In the multilevel models on the relationship between a high SVI and non-performance of socialization activities, the OR was 1.99 (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 1.28-3.12). The association between high SVI and non-use of ICT gave an OR of 14.17 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 5.13-39.17), and between high SVI and non-use of internet, an OR of 21.89 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.50-63.88). Conclusions: A high SVI negatively impacts on some healthy activities of leisure time for children and adolescents in Argentina. The SVI could be a useful tool to guide health promotion initiatives in this population.

scholarly journals Social Vulnerability across the Great Lakes Basin: A County-Level Comparative and Spatial Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7274
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Fergen ◽  
Ryan D. Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Social Vulnerabilities

Social vulnerability refers to how social positions affect the ability to access resources during a disaster or disturbance, but there is limited empirical examination of its spatial patterns in the Great Lakes Basin (GLB) region of North America. In this study, we map four themes of social vulnerability for the GLB by using the Center for Disease Control’s Social Vulnerability Index (CDC SVI) for every county in the basin and compare mean scores for each sub-basin to assess inter-basin differences. Additionally, we map LISA results to identify clusters of high and low social vulnerability along with the outliers across the region. Results show the spatial patterns depend on the social vulnerability theme selected, with some overlapping clusters of high vulnerability existing in Northern and Central Michigan, and clusters of low vulnerability in Eastern Wisconsin along with outliers across the basins. Differences in these patterns also indicate the existence of an urban–rural dimension to the variance in social vulnerabilities measured in this study. Understanding regional patterns of social vulnerability help identify the most vulnerable people, and this paper presents a framework for policymakers and researchers to address the unique social vulnerabilities across heterogeneous regions.

scholarly journals Hospital Microbiologic Culture Results to Predict the Use of Anti–methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s40-s40
Author(s):  
Hsiu Wu ◽  
Tyler Kratzer ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Minn Soe ◽  
Jonathan Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Adjustment ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Hospital Characteristics

Background: To provide a standardized, risk-adjusted method for summarizing antimicrobial use (AU), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the standardized antimicrobial administration ratio, an observed-to-predicted use ratio in which predicted use is estimated from a statistical model accounting for patient locations and hospital characteristics. The infection burden, which could drive AU, was not available for assessment. To inform AU risk adjustment, we evaluated the relationship between the burden of drug-resistant gram-positive infections and the use of anti-MRSA agents. Methods: We analyzed data from acute-care hospitals that reported ≥10 months of hospital-wide AU and microbiologic data to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) from January 2018 through June 2019. Hospital infection burden was estimated using the prevalence of deduplicated positive cultures per 1,000 admissions. Eligible cultures included blood and lower respiratory specimens that yielded oxacillin/cefoxitin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and ampicillin-nonsusceptible enterococci, and cerebrospinal fluid that yielded SA. The anti-MRSA use rate is the total antimicrobial days of ceftaroline, dalbavancin, daptomycin, linezolid, oritavancin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, tedizolid, telavancin, and intravenous vancomycin per 1,000 days patients were present. AU rates were modeled using negative binomial regression assessing its association with infection burden and hospital characteristics. Results: Among 182 hospitals, the median (interquartile range, IQR) of anti-MRSA use rate was 86.3 (59.9–105.0), and the median (IQR) prevalence of drug-resistant gram-positive infections was 3.4 (2.1–4.8). Higher prevalence of drug-resistant gram-positive infections was associated with higher use of anti-MRSA agents after adjusting for facility type and percentage of beds in intensive care units (Table 1). Number of hospital beds, average length of stay, and medical school affiliation were nonsignificant. Conclusions: Prevalence of drug-resistant gram-positive infections was independently associated with the use of anti-MRSA agents. Infection burden should be used for risk adjustment in predicting the use of anti-MRSA agents. To make this possible, we recommend that hospitals reporting to NHSN’s AU Option also report microbiologic culture results.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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