scholarly journals Distribution and habitat preferences of the Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla (Mammalia: Manidae) in the mid-hills of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 18959-18966
Author(s):  
Suman Acharya ◽  
Hari Prasad Sharma ◽  
Rajeev Bhattarai ◽  
Beeju Poudyal ◽  
Sonia Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Manis Pentadactyla ◽  
Forested Areas

The Chinese Pangolin is a ‘Critically Endangered’ species, which is estimated to have declined by over 90% in the last 21 years due to increased anthropogenic activities on the species and its habitat. Only a few pieces of research on the Chinese Pangolin have been done throughout Nepal; there is little information among the mammal species of Nepal, especially on distribution and habitat preference. This study was set to assess the distribution and habitat preferences of the Chinese Pangolin in Panauti municipality, central Nepal. We identified the most preferred habitat of the Chinese Pangolin using different covariates. Its preferred habitat was found ranging 1,450–1,600 m of elevation within a moderate slope of 5–25° steepness, forested areas in west-facing slopes. The maximum number of burrows of the species were found to be distributed in open canopy (0–50 % coverage). The increase anthropogenic activities in the agricultural land and deforestation in forested land has negatively impacted the occurrence of the Chinese Pangolin. We recommend that the community-based conservation initiatives like community forestry programs should be robustly implemented in the study area for better conservation of species and habitat in the coming years.

scholarly journals Distribution of Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in Nagarjun forest of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sujeeta Dhital ◽  
Saroj Mani Paudel ◽  
Shreya Thapa ◽  
William V. Bleisch ◽  
Arati Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Mammal Conservation ◽  
Palm Civet ◽  
Manis Pentadactyla ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
Masked Palm Civet

The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is one of the world’s critically endangered species, and its distribution is little known in Nepal. This study aimed at understanding the distribution of Chinese pangolin in Nagarjun forest of Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, Nepal from September 2017 to May 2018. A total of 15 infrared cameras were used, these were installed randomly in the forest. Only three cameras at three different locations were able to capture photographs of Chinese pangolin. Altogether, three events, comprising 21 still photos of pangolin, their sign and other mammal species in the area were recorded. In addition, 94 pangolin burrows were noticed in the study area. The distribution of Chinese pangolin is influenced by the food, tree canopy and aspect of the area. Majority of the active burrows were found near to feeding burrows where ants and termite’s nest were found abundantly. In addition to Chinese pangolin, the study was able to capture twelve mammalian species including masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) and yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula). These two species were often seen to enter or try to enter the active burrows of pangolins. The results suggest that Nagarjun Forest serves an important role in mammal conservation with high mammalian biodiversity.

scholarly journals Prospek Pengembangan Agroforestri Berbasis Kopi di Indonesia

Perspektif ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANDI SUPRIADI ◽  
DIBYO PRANOWO
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Status ◽  
Income Development ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Role Based

<div><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Keterbatasan lahan pertanian mendorong masyarakat/ petani membuka lahan baru di kawasan hutan, dengan cara menebang dan membongkar tanaman hutan serta membakar sisa-sisa tanaman dan semak belukar, akibatnya lahan menjadi kritis. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah melalui penerapan sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi. Agroforestri berbasis kopi yang sudah dikembangkan petani berperan dalam : (1) Konservasi lahan, air dan keanekaragaman hayati, (2) Penambahan unsur hara lahan, (3) Pengendalian iklim mikro, (4) Penambahan cadangan karbon (5) Menekan serangan hama dan penyakit dan (6) Peningkatan pendapatan petani. Agroforestri berbasis kopi telah dipraktekkan oleh petani pada berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, diantaranya di Lampung Barat (pola hutan kemasyarakatan dan hutan desa), Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah (pola pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat). Tantangan/masalah yang dijumpai pada agroforestri berbasis kopi diantaranya (1) Tingkat pengetahun petani tentang budidaya agroforestri berbasis kopi yang masih rendah, (2) Terbatasnya modal usaha dan (3) Ketidakpastian status lahan usaha. Upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dapat dilalukan melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan teknologi budidaya, bantuan modal usaha dan kepastian hukum status lahan. Pengembangan agroforesti berbasis kopi diarahkan pada dikawasan hutan milik Perum Perhutani, hutan kemasyarakan (HKm) dan hutan desa (HD) yang luasnya masing-masing 2.250.172; 2.500.000 dan 500.000 ha. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran agroforestri berbasis kopi terhadap lingkungan, dan ekonomi petani serta prospek pengembangannya di Indonesia.<br />Kata kunci: Tanaman kopi, agroforestri, tanaman penaung, lingkungan, pendapatan, pengembangan<br /><br />ABSTRACT<br />Prospects of Agroforestry Development Based on Coffee in Indonesia</p><p>Limitations of agricultural land to encourage people/ farmers open up new land in forest areas, by felling tree forests and forcing open plants and burning the remains of plants and shrubs as a result of land being serious critical. One effort to over come the problem is through the implementation of a coffee-based agroforestry systems. Role-based on agroforestry coffee farmers that have been developed, by farmers involve on (1) Conserve land, water and biodiversity, (2) Add of nutrients lands, (3) Control of microclimate, (4) Add of carbon stocks (5) Suppress pests and diseases, and (6) Enhancement to the income of farmers. Coffee-based agroforestry has been practiced by farmers in various regions in Indonesia, including in West Lampung (patterns of community forestry and forest villages), West Java and Central Java (forest management with communities). Challenge/problems encountered in the coffee-based agroforestry include (1) The level of knowledge of farmers on the cultivation of coffee-based agroforestry still low, (2) Lack of venture capital and (3) The uncertainty of the status of business land. Efforts to overcome these problems can through training and mentoring cultivation technology, venture capital assistance and legal certainty of land status. Development direction of coffee-based agroforestry can be done conduct of region-owned Perum Perhutani, community forestry (CF) and village forest (VF) which covers each 2.250.172; 2.500.000 and 500.000 ha. This paper aims to identify the role of coffee-based agroforestry on the environment, and the economy of farmers and development prospect in Indonesia.<br />Keywords: Coffee sp., agroforestry, shade plants, environment, income, development</p></div>

scholarly journals Community-based study to demonstrate the presence and local perspectives of the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla in Zhejiang Wuyanling, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 15547-15556
Author(s):  
Hongying Li ◽  
Shusheng Zhang ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Zupei Lei ◽  
Fangdong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Manis Pentadactyla ◽  
Camera Surveillance

Illegal hunting and trading of the Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla has pushed this Critically Endangered species close to extinction.  While local reports have suggested its continued presence in mainland China, this has not been confirmed by a research group except for a survey of presumed pangolin burrows in 2004.  We conducted a six-month field study using infrared camera surveillance and community questionnaire survey in Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve in China, to determine the status of Chinese Pangolins and understand local attitudes towards the conservation of this species.  Our study details the first verifiable documentation of two visual records of a Chinese Pangolin in the wild, demonstrating the suitability of pangolin habitat in Wuyanling region, and suggests an increasing awareness and strong willingness in local communities to conserve the Chinese Pangolin.  

scholarly journals Spatial Variation in Bacterioplankton Communities in the Pearl River, South China: Impacts of Land Use and Physicochemical Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Weiyuan Chen ◽  
Jijia Sun ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Xiande Huang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
Bacterioplankton Communities

River ecosystems are critical for human and environmental health, with bacterioplankton playing a vital role in biogeochemical cycles. Unveiling the spatial patterns of bacterioplankton communities in relation to environmental factors is important for understanding the processes of microbial variation and functional maintenance. However, our understanding of the correlations among bacterioplankton communities, physicochemical factors, and land use, especially in large rivers affected by intensive anthropogenic activities, remains relatively poor. Here, we investigated the bacterioplankton communities in July 2018 in three main tributaries of the Pearl River, i.e., Beijiang, Xijiang, and Pearl River Delta, based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the most dominant phyla, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Planctomycetes accounted for 33.75%, 22.15%, 11.65%, and 10.48% of the total abundance, respectively. The bacterioplankton communities showed remarkable differences among the three tributaries in terms of composition, structure, diversity, and predictive functional profiles. Mantel and partial Mantel tests revealed that the bacterioplankton communities were affected by physicochemical variables (p < 0.01) and land use (p < 0.01). Redundancy analysis identified specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, agricultural land, ammonium, urban land, and water transparency as the dominant environmental factors influencing the bacterioplankton communities in the Pearl River. Variation partitioning analysis indicated that both physicochemical factors and land use had direct effects on the bacterioplankton community, and that land use may also shape bacterioplankton communities through indirect effects of physicochemical factors on riverine ecosystems. This study provides fundamental information on the diversity, spatial patterns, and influencing factors of bacterioplankton communities in the Pearl River, which should enhance our understanding of how such communities change in response to environmental gradients and anthropogenic activities.

scholarly journals Potential Distribution of the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in Different Land Covers of Nepal: Implications for Conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Sharma ◽  
Bhagawat Rimal ◽  
Mingxia Zhang ◽  
Sandhya Sharma ◽  
Laxman Prasad Poudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Manis Pentadactyla ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Species Specific

Anthropogenic activities have driven many wildlife species towards extinction. Among these species, the geographic distributions of many are poorly documented, which can limit the effectiveness of conservation. The critically endangered Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is experiencing population decline throughout its range due to land-use changes and illegal trade for food and traditional medicine. Using distribution records and maximum entropy modeling, we predicted the potential distribution of the Chinese pangolin across Nepal. Most suitable potential habitats of the Chinese pangolin occurred in forest areas of the mid-hill region in central and eastern Nepal, followed by cultivated land. Almost all potential suitable habitats of the Chinese pangolin occurred outside of protected areas, and most of them were encroached upon by cultivated land, human settlements, and infrastructure developments. The results from this study provide baseline information on the potential suitable habitats of the Chinese pangolin in Nepal, which helps to develop site- and species-specific management plans and to identify priority areas to minimize the current threats to the pangolin and enhance the stewardship of species conservation.

scholarly journals The Type of Land We Want: Exploring the Limits of Community Forestry in Tanzania and Bolivia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Gross-Camp ◽  
Iokine Rodriguez ◽  
Adrian Martin ◽  
Mirna Inturias ◽  
Glory Massao
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Community Forest Management ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Multifunctional Landscape ◽  
Community Conflicts

We explore local people’s perspectives of community forest (CF) on their land in Tanzania and Bolivia. Community forest management is known to improve ecological conditions of forests, but is more variable in its social outcomes. Understanding communities’ experience of community forestry and the potential benefits and burdens its formation may place on a community will likely help in predicting its sustainability as a forest and land management model. Six villages, two in Tanzania and four in Bolivia, were selected based on the presence of community forestry in varying stages. We found that communities were generally supportive of existing community forests but cautious of their expansion. Deeper explorations of this response using ethnographic research methods reveal that an increase in community forest area is associated with increasing opportunity costs and constraints on agricultural land use, but not an increase in benefits. Furthermore, community forests give rise to a series of intra- and inter-community conflicts, often pertaining to the financial benefits stemming from the forests (distribution issues), perceived unfairness and weakness in decision–making processes (procedure/participation), and also tensions over cultural identity issues (recognition). Our findings suggest that communities’ willingness to accept community forests requires a broader consideration of the multifunctional landscape in which it is embedded, as well as an engagement with the justice tensions such an intervention inevitably creates.

scholarly journals Distribution and habitat preferences of the stag beetle Lucanus cervus (L.) in forested areas of Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kuźmiński ◽  
Artur Chrzanowski ◽  
Andrzej Mazur ◽  
Paweł Rutkowski ◽  
Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Forested Areas

scholarly journals Green Vegetation Cover Has Steadily Increased since Establishment of Community Forests in Western Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4071
Author(s):  
Jie Dai ◽  
Dar A. Roberts ◽  
Douglas A. Stow ◽  
Li An ◽  
Qunshan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Green Vegetation ◽  
Local Residents

Community forests have been established worldwide to sustainably manage forest ecosystem services while maintaining the livelihoods of local residents. The Chitwan National Park in Nepal is a world-renowned biodiversity hotspot, where community forests were consolidated in the park’s buffer zone after 1993. These western Chitwan community forests stand as the frontiers of human–environment interactions, nurturing endangered large mammal species while providing significant natural resources for local residents. Nevertheless, no systematic forest cover assessment has been conducted for these forests since their establishment. In this study, we examined the green vegetation dynamics of these community forests for the years 1988–2018 using Landsat surface reflectance products. Combining an automatic water extraction index, spectral mixture analysis and the normalized difference fraction index (NDFI), we developed water masks and quantified the water-adjusted green vegetation fractions and NDFI values in the forests. Results showed that all forests have been continuously greening up since their establishment, and the average green vegetation cover of all forests increased from approximately 30% in 1988 to above 70% in 2018. With possible contributions from the invasion of exotic understory plant species, we credit community forestry programs for some of the green-up signals. Monitoring of forest vegetation dynamics is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of community forestry as well as developing sustainable forest management policies. Our research will provide positive feedbacks to local community forest committees and users.

scholarly journals Aboriginal knowledge of the mammals of the central deserts of Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Burbidge ◽  
K. A. Johnson ◽  
P. J. Fuller ◽  
R. I. Southgate
Keyword(s):  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mammal Fauna ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
The Subject

More than one-third of the terrestrial mammal species of the central deserts of Australia have vanished in the past 50 years. Few of these have been the subject of even preliminary scientific study, and data as basic as geographic range and preferred habitat are lacking for many species. Aborigines, many of whom lived traditionally in the central deserts until recently, still retain a profound knowledge of the mammals, but this knowledge, too, is fast disappearing. Aboriginal people living in communities scattered through and around the edges of the 1645 000 km2 of the study area, comprising the Great Sandy, Little Sandy, Tanami, Gibson and Great Victoria Deserts and the Central Ranges district, were shown museum skins and asked to provide information about local names, current and past status, and aspects of biology and ecology. Most species, including some thought to have become extinct early this century, persisted in the deserts until 30–50 years ago. New data are presented on former distribution and on the biology and ecology of many species. The mammal fauna of the central deserts was richer and more widespread than generally believed, but the area has suffered a massive and sudden loss of species, probably unparalleled in extent elsewhere in Australia.

Population-Changes in Sminthopsis-Leucopus (Gray) (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae), and Other Small Mammal Species, in Forest Regenerating From Logging and Fire Near Bega, New-South-Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lunney ◽  
E Ashby
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Disturbed Habitat ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
Small Mammal Species

A population of the white-footed dunnart Sminthopsis leucopus was studied from 1981 to 1983 in a forest that had been logged in 1979, burnt in 1980, and was drought-affected throughout the study. S. leucopus bred in this disturbed habitat but did not persist when the vegetation regrew and became dense. Pouch young were present in August, September and October 1981. There was no evidence of polyoestry in the field, although breeding potential may have been suppressed by a combination of the drought and habitat change. There were few brown antechinus Antechinus stuartii present at any time. The population of the bush rat Rattus fuscipes increased as its preferred habitat of dense vegetation grew. An irruption of the house mouse Mus rnusculus in autumn 1982 coincided with a brief respite from the drought. The differing responses of these species to the same set of environmental conditions illustrates that no one management option in such forests will be optimal for all species of small mammals. The conclusion drawn here for the conservation of S. leucopus in forests subject to woodchip logging and fire is to stagger the forestry operations to ensure that not all parts of the forest are covered with dense regrowth at any one time.

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