scholarly journals Revisiting genetic structure of Wild Buffaloes Bubalus arnee Kerr, 1792 (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal: an assessment for translocation programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 14942-14954
Author(s):  
Ram C. Kandel ◽  
Ram C. Poudel ◽  
Amir Sadaula ◽  
Prakriti Kandel ◽  
Kamal P. Gairhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Median Network ◽  
Swamp Buffalo ◽  
Wildlife Reserve ◽  
Amova Analysis ◽  
Wild Individual

Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR) has the last remaining Nepalese population of the Endangered Asiatic Wild Buffalo (Bubalus arnee Kerr, 1792).  Individual animals protected inside KTWR may be of purely wild, domestic or hybrid origin, and the wild population is under potential threat due to habitat loss and genetic introgression from feral backcrosses.  Identification of genetically pure wild individuals is important for identifying animals for translocation to other areas within their former range.  In this study we have sequenced a highly variable 422bp region of the Cytochrome b gene of 36 animals, and added 61 published sequences of both River and Swamp Buffalo from Italy and some southern Asian countries including India.  The haplotype diversities ranged from 0.286-0.589 with slightly higher diversities in domesticated individuals.  The AMOVA analysis revealed that 97.217% of the genetic variation was contained within groups and 2.782% occurred among groups.  An overall fixation index (FST) was found to be 0.02782 (p>0.05).  Phylogenetic relationships derived through a reduced median network and maximum parsimony analyses reconfirmed the ancestral nature of the Wild Water Buffalo.  Moreover, this study has reviewed recent achievements of molecular research in wild buffalo, assessed the technical capacities of research institutes in Nepal to conduct molecular research required for identifying pure wild individual in KTWR and more importantly initiated DNA bank and DNA sequence library of buffalos, which will enable an international collaboration for advanced molecular research in the future.   

scholarly journals Identification of Natural Hybrids between Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi (Lederer, 1853) and Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) Using Mitochondrial and Nuclear Markers

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Nazar A. Shapoval ◽  
Roman V. Yakovlev ◽  
Galina N. Kuftina ◽  
Vladimir A. Lukhtanov ◽  
Svyatoslav A. Knyazev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

Natural hybridization is rather widespread and common in animals and can have important evolutionary consequences. In terms of taxonomy, exploring hybridization and introgression is crucial in defining species boundaries and testing taxonomic hypotheses. In the present paper, we report on natural hybrid specimens between Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi (Lederer, 1853) and Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758). To test the hypothesis of their hybrid origin, we employed the molecular mitochondrial (COI gene) and nuclear (wingless, RPS5, and Ca-ATPase genes) markers commonly used in phylogenetic studies and explored the morphology of the specimens. Our analysis revealed that hybrids bear mitochondrial haplotypes of C. rubi, while nuclear fragments are heterozygous, sharing a combination of A. frivaldszkyi and C. rubi lineages. The hybrid specimens combine morphological characters of both genera. Our results for the first time empirically demonstrate the possibility of genetic introgression between these species and between the genera Callophrys and Ahlbergia on the whole.

scholarly journals Spatial Scale Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Gene Flow in Populations of Sweet Detar (Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr.; Fabaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Relique Ignace AGBO ◽  
Antoine Missihoun ◽  
David Montcho ◽  
Rollande Dagba ◽  
Paulin Sédah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Detarium Microcarpum ◽  
Polymorphism Rate ◽  
Amova Analysis

Abstract The main objective of this study is to investigate the patterns of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships within populations of Detarium microcarpum (Fabaceae) relative to different spatial conditions. Seventy-eight (78) accessions of D. microcarpum belonging to six populations (Phytogeographic districts) were sampled. In order to have very good quality DNA for molecular analysis, an optimization of the DNA isolation protocol was made. The molecular analysis of the accessions was carried out using 7 chloroplast microsatellite markers. The polymorphism rate (P) is 85.71% and the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) was in the range of 0.43 (Ntcp_9) to 0.73 (Ccmp_2) with an average of 0.59. Allelic richness (A) ranged from 1.41 to 2.85 with an average of 2.04. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.23 to 0.60 with an average of 0.39. The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.43 to 0.60 with a mean of 0.50. Wright's fixation index (FIS) ranged from − 0.17 to 0.47. The effective allele (Ae) is between 1.77 and 2.53 with an average of 2.02. Wright differentiation index (FST) was 0.024. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NST value was significantly higher than the GST value (NST = 0.452; GST = 0.190; P < 0.05). A relatively low hd haplotype diversity is obtained (Hd = 0.320). AMOVA analysis showed that 17.35% of the variation existed within populations but 45.80% among populations within the species. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree of D. microcarpum revealed three non-distinct clusters haplotypes showing the existence of gene flow between populations of the species. Our findings of genetic structure and gene flow of D. microcarpum populations based on different spatial conditions is caused by evolutionary forces such as scattering and pollination.

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

Exergoeconomic analysis of renewable multi-generation system

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Vontas Alfenny Nahan ◽  
Audrius Bagdanavicius ◽  
Andrew McMullan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Exergoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Cost

In this study a new multi-generation system which generates power (electricity), thermal energy (heating and cooling) and ash for agricultural needs has been developed and analysed. The system consists of a Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) and an absorption chiller system. The system generates about 3.4 MW electricity, 4.9 MW of heat, 88 kW of cooling and 90 kg/h of ash. The multi-generation system has been modelled using Cycle Tempo and EES. Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of this system had been conducted and exergy costs have been calculated. The exergoeconomic study shows that gasifier, combustor, and Heat Recovery Steam Generator are the main components where the total cost rates are the highest. Exergoeconomic variables such as relative cost difference (r) and exergoeconomic factor (f) have also been calculated. Exergoeconomic factor of evaporator, combustor and condenser are 1.3%, 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, which is considered very low, indicates that the capital cost rates are much lower than the exergy destruction cost rates. It implies that the improvement of these components could be achieved by increasing the capital investment. The exergy cost of electricity produced in the gas turbine and steam turbine is 0.1050 £/kWh and 0.1627 £/kWh, respectively. The cost of ash is 0.0031 £/kg. In some Asian countries, such as Indonesia, ash could be used as fertilizer for agriculture. Heat exergy cost is 0.0619 £/kWh for gasifier and 0.3972 £/kWh for condenser in the BIGCC system. In the AC system, the exergy cost of the heat in the condenser and absorber is about 0.2956 £/kWh and 0.5636 £/kWh, respectively. The exergy cost of cooling in the AC system is 0.4706 £/kWh. This study shows that exergoeconomic analysis is powerful tool for assessing the costs of products.

Tajik Migrant Religious Poetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Tokhir S. Kalandarov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Religious Poetry ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Semantic Translation ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Political Songs

Today there are hundreds of papers published on the problem of labor migration from Central Asian countries, its political, social and economic aspects, as well as on the problem of integration and adaptation of migrants in the Russian society. However, the topic of migrant poetry is still poorly studied in Russia. At least there is no such research on Tajik labor migrants. The genres of Tajik migrant poetry vary significantly and include such forms as love poems, political songs, songs about migration hardships, religious poems. This paper is based on the results of monitoring social networks «Odnoklassniki», «Facebook», as well as on the results of personal communication and interviews with poets. In the paper we use the poems of three authors written in Tajik, Russian and Shugnani languages. The semantic translation from Tajik and Shugnani was done by the author of this paper

Isolated Gastric Varices and Use of Balloon-occlusive Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration: A Case Report and Literature Review*

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-117
Author(s):  
Thomas R. McCarty ◽  
Mena Bakhit ◽  
Tarun Rustagi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Gastric Varices ◽  
Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Isolated Gastric Varices ◽  
Splenic Thrombosis ◽  
End Stage

Isolated gastric varices are far less prevalent in Western countries where the rate of splenic thrombosis is much lower. However, in Asian countries the entity is more common and therefore a more robust treatment approach has been developed. Balloon-occlusive retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) was first described in 1984 and then revived in 1996. The procedure, while uncommon in the U.S. and not recognized by the AASLD practice guidelines, allows for direct exclusion from the portosystemic system. Here we describe the case of a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis decompensated by bleeding gastric varices treated with BRTO. Abbrevations: BRTO: balloon-occlusive retrograde transverse obliteration; EGD: esophagogastro-duodenoscopy; HE: hepatic encephalopathy; MELD: Model for End Stage Liver Disease; TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document