Larvae of the blow fly Caiusa testacea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as egg predators of Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 17374-17379
Author(s):  
W.G.D. Chathuranga ◽  
K. Kariyawasam ◽  
Anslem De Silva ◽  
W.A.Priyanka P. De Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
The Family ◽  
Water Container ◽  
The Common ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of dipteran predators on eggs in foam nests of the Common Hour-glass Tree Frog Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in central Sri Lanka.  Foam nests (n=24) of P. cruciger were examined at their natural breeding habitats and infected (n=8) and uninfected spawns (n=16) were identified.  Emerging tadpoles were collected in a water container hung under each spawn and the average number of tadpoles (N) hatched from infected spawns (N=0) was compared with that of uninfected spawns (N=354 ± 67).  Three severely infected spawns were brought to the laboratory and the fly larvae were reared until they metamorphosed to adults.  Morphological and molecular identification of the flies confirmed them as belonging to Caiusa testacea Senior-White, 1923 of the family Calliphoridae.  The infected spawns were completely destroyed and an estimated average of 400 P. cruciger eggs per spawn were lost.  The results revealed a high impact of Caiusa testacea on egg and embryo mortality of P. cruciger.

scholarly journals In-situ severe breeding habitat intervention only achieves temporary success in reducing Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Fernández-Loras ◽  
Luz Boyero ◽  
Jaime Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Manipulation ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
The Common ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
Midwife Toad

Abstract Chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is causing sharp declines in amphibian populations around the globe. A substantial research effort has been made to study the disease, including treatments against Bd, but most treatments have been applied to captive amphibians only. We report a study aimed at clearing wild populations of the Common Midwife toad Alytes obstetricans. We removed all larvae from natural breeding sites (cattle troughs) and conducted two types of severe breeding habitat manipulation (complete drying and fencing for the whole breeding season). While larval removal followed by drying was a successful method of Bd elimination, the effect was only temporary. Since terrestrial habits of adult A. obstetricans prevent them from infection, our findings suggest that, even in simple breeding habitats where all aquatic amphibian stages can be handled and extreme habitat intervention is possible, Bd cannot be eliminated without controlling other potential Bd reservoirs in the surroundings of breeding sites.

scholarly journals Continuing Education During Times of War: Experiences of Children in Northern Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iresha M. Lakshman ◽  
Rajeswaran Rajeshkannan ◽  
Mark Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
The Family ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
War Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

The primary objective of the study was to explore the experiences of children during and after 30 years of civil war with particular attention on its impact on their academic learning. The research intended to answer two research questions, namely 1) How did the war impact on children’s education? and 2) What support networks were available for children affected by war to remain in school and/or to continuously engage in academic learning? The research was carried out in the Jaffna District of Northern Sri Lanka and depended entirely on qualitative data generated through in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, focus groups discussions and observations. Multiple displacements caused by war, the impact of war on livelihoods and the trauma caused by war has resulted in some students losing interest in school and eventually dropping out. In spite of various financial and other support provided by local and international NGOs only some children have remained in school with a sustained interest in education. A characteristic common to these children was that they came from more ‘secure’ family backgrounds. The security offered by intimate relationships within the family seems crucial for educational success even during times of war. The findings suggest the need for strengthening family well-being and stronger emotional support to ensure sustained interest in education during times of war.

The impact of the financial crisis on families in Spain: The case of Ourense, Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Carmen Verde-Diego ◽  
Santiago Prado Conde ◽  
Francisco-Xabier Aguiar Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Family Members ◽  
High Impact ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the characteristics of the impact of the financial cutbacks implemented by the Spanish neoliberal government after the onset of the 2008 financial crisis on families. In this context, the results are obtained from 22 interviews and 35 questionnaires submitted to all social workers in the province’s community social services. These results corroborate that cutbacks have had a high impact on families, both for individual family members and for the family typology itself.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mutuality on Ownership

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Jonathan Michie
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Purpose ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Common ◽  
External Shareholders ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 17 describes how the concept of mutuality extends well beyond that of mutually owned businesses. Mars itself is entirely owned by the Mars family. Many of the companies described in the book are stock corporations with external shareholders. One of the ways in which family firms can retain a focus on the common purpose of the business after the family has withdrawn or sold out to other shareholders is through ‘industrial foundations’ that confer a substantial fraction of the ownership of firms on foundations. These are particularly commonplace in Denmark and Germany, and some of the most successful companies in the world, such as the shipping company Maersk and the media firm Bertelsmann have these ownership forms. The principle of the Economics of Mutuality is about aligning the interests of diverse parties to a common purpose. This can be adopted in companies with any type of ownership but where it takes the form of, for example, mutuals or foundations, then it creates a commitment to the common purpose that may not be observed to the same degree elsewhere.

A Death in the Family: The Pediatrician's Role

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Brent
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Anticipatory Guidance ◽  
Psychiatric Consultation ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loss Of A Parent

The loss of a parent or sibling can have a profound effect on the psychosocial development of the surviving child. The pediatrician, by virtue of his or her longitudinal involvement with children, is in a unique position to provide anticipatory guidance for the family in which such a loss has taken place. This article reviews children's cognitive understanding of death, the distinction between normal and pathologic grief, and the impact of the loss of a parent or sibling on the course of family relations and the development of the children involved. Some of the common problems that may be manifest in children subsequent to such a loss, together with appropriate interventions, are outlined. Most situations can be best handled by the pediatrician, but criteria for seeking psychiatric consultation are provided.

Emic Perspectives on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Children's Mental Health in Northern Sri Lanka

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wietse Tol ◽  
Fiona Thomas ◽  
Anavarathan Vallipuram ◽  
Sambasivamoorthy Sivayokan ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Children’S Mental Health ◽  
Children's Mental Health ◽  
The Impact

Adolescents' Perceptions of The Impact of Caregiving on The Family

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon B. Hamill ◽  
Tayari Shorter ◽  
Sarah Singleton ◽  
Carrie Page ◽  
Tabitha Pierce
Keyword(s):  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

Globalization, Poverty, Environmental Degradation and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Analysis of SAARC Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adiqa Kiani ◽  
Ejaz Ullah ◽  
Khair Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of poverty, globalization, and environmental degradation on economic growth in the selected SAARC countries. This study is employed panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique for empirical analysis using selected SAARC regions including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka over the period of 1980 to 2018. Globalization impacts economic growth positively and significantly.  In addition to this the significant negative relationship is found between population and economic growth. The results show that poverty is positively related with environmental degradation. Furthermore, the results indicate that globalization is positively and significantly associated with environmental degradation in the SAARC region. Finally, the results show that urbanization is positive and significantly associated with environmental degradation, which could be the serious concerns for the policy makers to control.

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