scholarly journals Issues, goals, and guidelines in selecting first-line drug therapy for hypertension.

Hypertension ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (5_Suppl) ◽  
pp. I103-I103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Laragh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
First Line ◽  
Line Drug

An overview of some drugs: Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Chloroquine, Hydroxy chloroquine and Interferon as a effective treatment against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Sujaritha J ◽  
Deepa sankar N ◽  
Mathivathani K ◽  
Aravindh G ◽  
Gnanasekaran G
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
First Line ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Line Drug

Lopinavir, Ritonovir and Interferon (IFN) are anti-viral drugs mainly used in the treatment of HIV infection by protease inhibitors. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine are used in the treatment of malarial causing infection such as Plasmodium falciparum and also auto immune condition such as rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine makes toxic for the parasite to digest its host hemoglobin and disrupting the virus ability to enter the cell. The anti-viral and anti-malarial drugs are used in the first line drug therapy for the treatment of COVID-19. The aim of this therapy is to minimize the symptoms and shortens the duration of illness.

Clinical Outcomes of Three or More Courses of First-line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-461
Author(s):  
SHOHEI KAWAGUCHI ◽  
KOUJI IZUMI ◽  
RENATO NAITO ◽  
SUGURU KADOMOTO ◽  
HIROAKI IWAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Focal Therapy ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Line Drug ◽  
Line Chemotherapy ◽  
First Line Treatment

Background/Aim: The current standard of care for first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) is platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been reported to be effective for UC. Knowing whether immunotherapy or chemotherapy is suitable as first-line treatment is beneficial for patients. A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical outcomes of Japanese patients who received three or more courses of first-line chemotherapy for metastatic UC to assess the outcome of conventional treatments in real clinical situation. Patients and Methods: Patients who received first-line chemotherapy between August 2009 and December 2019 were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Results: The median PFS and OS were 7.1 and 27.1 months, respectively, for patients with no disease progression at the end of three courses. Of 28 patients, 25 (89.3%) received second-line drug therapy and 10 (35.7%) received focal therapy for disease control. Patients with focal therapy had significantly longer OS than those without focal therapy (p=0.019, log-rank test). Conclusion: OS of metastatic UC at our Institution is relatively long, suggesting that aggressive second-line drug therapy and focal therapy may have contributed to such result.

scholarly journals Desmopressin 120 mcg, 180 mcg, 240 mcg: The right treatment for the right patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Ferrara ◽  
Ester Del Vescovo ◽  
Francesca Ianniello ◽  
Giulia Franceschini ◽  
Luciana Romaniello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Nocturnal Polyuria ◽  
First Line ◽  
Normal Bladder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Line Drug

Background: The first-line drug therapy for patients with nocturnal enuresis (NE) associated with nocturnal polyuria and normal bladder function is desmopressin (dDAVP). Objective: To evaluate if increasing dose of oral desmopressin lyophilisate (MELT) can improve response rates to dDAVP and is useful in enuretic children. Materials and methods: We enrolled a total of 260 children all diagnosed with NE. Enuretic children were treated with increasing MELT at a dose of 120, 180 and 240 mcg a day.Results. We included in our study a total of 237 children, 164 males (69.2%) and 73 females (30.8%) aged between 5 and 18 years (mean age 10.32 ± 2.52 years). Of the 237 patients enrolled in the study and treated with MELT 120 mcg, a full response was achieved in 135 (56.9%). A partial response was achieved in 21 (8.9%) patients, therefore the dose was increased up to 180 mcg, with further improving symptoms (14.3%) or full response (9.5%), and up to 240 mcg, without usefulness. Conclusions: MELT at the dose of 120 mcg resulted efficacy and safety; the increased dose up to 180 mcg resulted poorly efficacy; finally, the further increase up to 240 mcg did not improve the symptoms with the increased risk of side effects.

A case report of the efficacy and usefulness of asenapine in the treatment of a cancer patient with delirium and aphagia

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 488-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Osawa ◽  
Satoshi Ukai ◽  
Toshiyuki Kuriyama
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
First Line ◽  
Sublingual Tablet ◽  
Oral Medications ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Line Drug

AbstractObjectiveControlling hyperactive and mixed delirium is extremely important for the continuation of cancer treatment in palliative care. In general, oral antipsychotics are the first-line drug therapy for delirium; however, oral administration is problematic in patients presenting dysphagia. In this case report, we describe an end-stage cancer patient with aphagia who developed delirium and responded to sublingual antipsychotic asenapine for treating delirium. We also discuss the effectiveness of asenapine in hyperactive delirium as well as its usefulness for treating delirium in palliative care.MethodA cancer patient with delirium was treated with several oral antipsychotics commonly used to treat delirium but did not respond to any of them. The patient subsequently developed aphagia with progression of the disease. Sublingual asenapine was therefore given to treat delirium.ResultAsenapine was effective in treating delirium without causing any obvious side effects.Significance of resultsIn the present case, asenapine was effective in treating hyperactive delirium that did not respond to commonly used antipsychotics. Because asenapine is a sublingual tablet, it can be used in patients with dysphagia and aphagia. In addition, this drug is anticipated to diminish the burden of end-stage patients from taking oral medications. Furthermore, its management is easier compared with injections, and can therefore also be easily used in homecare patients. Based on these perspectives, asenapine may become an important option for treating delirium in palliative care.

scholarly journals New InhA Inhibitors Based on Expanded Triclosan and Di-Triclosan Analogues to Develop a New Treatment for Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Sarentha Chetty ◽  
Tom Armstrong ◽  
Shalu Sharma Kharkwal ◽  
William C. Drewe ◽  
Cristina I. De Matteis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
First Line ◽  
Isoniazid Resistance ◽  
Structure Based Drug Design ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Flexible Ligands ◽  
Line Drug

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) has reinforced the need for the development of new anti-TB drugs. The first line drug isoniazid inhibits InhA. This is a prodrug requiring activation by the enzyme KatG. Mutations in KatG have largely contributed to clinical isoniazid resistance. We aimed to design new ‘direct’ InhA inhibitors that obviate the need for activation by KatG, circumventing pre-existing resistance. In silico molecular modelling was used as part of a rational structure-based drug-design approach involving inspection of protein crystal structures of InhA:inhibitor complexes, including the broad spectrum antibiotic triclosan (TCS). One crystal structure exhibited the unusual presence of two triclosan molecules within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA binding site. This became the basis of a strategy for the synthesis of novel inhibitors. A series of new, flexible ligands were designed and synthesised, expanding on the triclosan structure. Low Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were obtained for benzylphenyl compounds (12, 43 and 44) and di-triclosan derivative (39), against Mycobacterium bovis BCG although these may also be inhibiting other enzymes. The ether linked di-triclosan derivative (38) displayed excellent in vitro isolated enzyme inhibition results comparable with triclosan, but at a higher MIC (125 µg mL−1). These compounds offer good opportunities as leads for further optimisation.

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