Abstract 664: Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Plus Docosapentaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Alone on Fasting and Postprandial Monocyte Phenotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaizhu Wu ◽  
Xiao-Yuan D Perrard ◽  
George Bobotas ◽  
Kevin C Maki ◽  
Christie M Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
Men And Women

Background and objective: Fasting and postprandial (PP) hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased lipid accumulation in circulating monocytes and monocyte phenotypic changes, e.g., increased expression of CD11c (a β2 integrin), which may increase risk for atherosclerosis. Omega-3 fatty acids lower circulating triglycerides (TG). This study examined whether treatment with omega-3 fatty acids improves fasting and PP monocyte phenotypes associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: This was an open-label, randomized, crossover study of men and women with elevated TG (200-400 mg/dL) to evaluate the effects of MAT9001 (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] plus docosapentaenoic acid [DPA], Matinas BioPharma Inc., USA), compared to Vascepa (EPA-ethyl esters [EE] only, Amarin Pharma Inc., USA), administered at 4 g/d dosages for 15 d (≥28-d washout between treatments). Fasting and PP (4 and 6 h) TG and monocyte phenotypes (analyzed by flow cytometry) were examined prior to and on d 15 of each treatment. Results: MAT9001 and Vascepa lowered fasting TG from baseline (-32% and -19% respectively; both p≤0.04; n=26-29). Only MAT9001 significantly reduced PP TG area under the curve (AUC) from pre- to post-treatment (p<0.01). The reduction in TG AUC was greater for MAT9001 (-23%) vs. Vascepa (+4%) (p=0.01). Treatment with MAT9001 or Vascepa reduced fasting and PP CD11c mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) levels on classical (cM) and intermediate (iM) monocytes by 6.3-23.2% (no significant differences between treatments; Table). Only MAT9001 significantly reduced PP CD11c MFI on nonclassical monocytes (ncM) and lowered fasting nile red levels, indicating less lipid accumulation, in cM and iM (Table). Summary: Decreases in TG produced by MAT9001 or Vascepa in men and women with hypertriglyceridemia were associated with reduced fasting and PP CD11c on cM and iM. MAT9001, but not Vascepa, significantly reduced PP ncM CD11c and fasting cM and iM nile red staining for lipids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Formulations in the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhar Kocherlakota ◽  
Nagaraju Banda ◽  
Arjun Narala ◽  
Srinath Akula ◽  
Kumar S.D. Kothapalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Acute Lung Inflammation ◽  
Severity Scores

Many current treatment options for lung inflammation and thrombosis come with unwanted side effects. The natural omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) are generally anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic. The O3FA are always administered orally and occasionally by intravenous (IV) infusion. The main goal of this study is to determine if O3FA administered by inhalation of a nebulized formulation mitigates LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in male Wistar rats. Inflammation was triggered by intraperitoneal injection of LPS once a day for 14 days. One hour later, rats received nebulized treatments consisting of egg lecithin emulsified O3, budesonide and Montelukast, and blends of O3 and melatonin or Montelukast or Cannabidiol; O3 was in the form of free fatty acids for all groups except one group with ethyl esters. Lung histology and cytokines were determined in n=3 rats per group at day 8 and day 15. All groups had alveolar histiocytosis severity scores half or less than that of the disease control (Cd) treated with LPS and saline only inhalation. IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 were attenuated in all O3 groups. IL-1β was attenuated in most but not all O3 groups. O3 administered as ethyl ester was overall most effective in mitigating LPS effects. No evidence of lipid pneumonia or other chronic distress was observed. These preclinical data suggest that O3FA formulations should be further investigated as treatments in lung inflammation and thrombosis related lung disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and acute respiratory distress like COVID-19.

Recent progress on immobilization technology in enzymatic conversion of marine by-products to concentrated omega-3 fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Deepika Dave
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Enzymatic Conversion ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Immobilization Technology ◽  
By Products

Marine by-products (heads, frames, trimmings, viscera, skin and scales) have been extensively investigated as sources of marine omega-3 fatty acids (mainly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Traditionally, extraction of fish...

scholarly journals Rapeseeds a Rich Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Cristina Emanuela Enăşcuţă ◽  
Elena Emilia Oprescu ◽  
Adrian Radu ◽  
Elena Radu ◽  
Marian Deaconu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Brain Functions

In human diet, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), have an essential role in optimal brain functions and stroke prevention, specially, omega-3 fatty acids, e.g., 9,12,15-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3), 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5), and 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6). [...]

Effect of omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic, on norepinephrine-induced contractions

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B. Engler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Rat Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids

The relaxant responses of the rat thoracic aorta to omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic, on norepinephrine- and potassium-induced contractions were investigated. Relaxation was enhanced in vessels contracted with norepinephrine. Docosahexaenoic acid at concentrations as low as 1, 3, and 10 μM evoked significant relaxant responses (15, 23, 30%) in norepinephrine-contracted vessels as compared with responses (5, 9, 12%) in potassium-contracted vessels. Results for eicosapentaenoic acid under similar conditions were 3, 8, and 19% in norepinephrine-contracted vessels and 3, 3, and 8% in potassium-contracted vessels. Pretreatment with eicosapentaenoic (10 μM) or docosahexaenoic acids (1–10 μM) decreased the contractile response to physiologic concentrations of norepinephrine. In the presence of calcium-free medium, the omega-3 fatty acids (1–30 μM) significantly abolished sustained norepinephrine contractions but did not reduce the phasic contractions when incubated prior to norepinephrine contraction. Comparatively, the effects of docosahexaenoic acid were greater than eicosapentaenoic acid. These findings suggest that the relaxant effects of the omega-3 fatty acids are specific to the mode of contraction, i.e., α-adrenoceptor stimuli. This effect may be related to intracellular calcium mechanisms, since both fatty acids reversed norepinephrine-induced sustained contractions in the absence of extracellular calcium.Key words: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, vascular responses, fish oils.

Lack of effect of eicosapentaenoic acid in the Porsolt forced swimming test model of depression

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alona Shaldubina ◽  
Boris Nemets ◽  
Yuly Bersudsky
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Clinical Experiments

Background:Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is one of the major components of fish oils. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA, have been hypothesized to play a role in the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of mood disorders. Clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in major depression, bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders.Objective:The present study design evaluates the effect of EPA in the Porsolt forced swimming test.Results:EPA alone did not reduce the immobility time and did not enhance the anti-immobility effect of a low dose of imipramine. Contrary to the hypothesis, EPA slightly increased the immobility time, and in some experiments tended to reduce the anti-despair effect of imipramine.Conclusion:The present results do not provide an animal model for the antidepressant effect of EPA as demonstrated in clinical experiments. The mechanism of EPA antidepressant action is unknown and the Porsolt forced swimming test could be non-sensitive for its antidepressant properties.

Mercury and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Retail Fish Sandwiches

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. SHIM ◽  
J. A. LASRADO ◽  
L. E. DORWORTH ◽  
C. R. SANTERRE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Reference Dose

Mercury and fatty acids were measured in fish sandwiches from six retail restaurant chains. Average mercury concentrations ranged from 5 to 132 ppb and were well below the Food and Drug Administration action level (1,000 ppb). The average concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid ranged from 91 to 620 mg per sandwich. Consuming one or two fish sandwiches per week could result in the consumption of 2 to 40% of the reference dose for mercury for a 60-kg individual and would provide 18 to 126% of the adequate intake for eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid as recommended for a pregnant or lactating woman.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Chemistry, Sources and Bioavailability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Cholewski ◽  
Monika Tomczykowa ◽  
Michał Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Omega-3 fatty acids, one of the key building blocks of cell membranes, have been of particular interest to scientists for many years. However, only a small group of the most important omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered. This full-length review presents a broad and relatively complete cross-section of knowledge about omega-3 monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturates, and an outline of their modifications. This is important because all these subgroups undoubtedly play an important role in the function of organisms. Some monounsaturated omega-3s are pheromone precursors in insects. Polyunsaturates with a very long chain are commonly found in the central nervous system and mammalian testes, in sponge organisms, and are also immunomodulating agents. Numerous modifications of omega-3 acids are plant hormones. Their chemical structure, chemical binding (in triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and ethyl esters) and bioavailability have been widely discussed indicating a correlation between the last two. Particular attention is paid to the effective methods of supplementation, and a detailed list of sources of omega-3 acids is presented, with meticulous reference to the generally available food. Both the oral and parenteral routes of administration are taken into account, and the omega-3 transport through the blood-brain barrier is mentioned. Having different eating habits in mind, the interactions between food fatty acids intake are discussed. Omega-3 acids are very susceptible to oxidation, and storage conditions often lead to a dramatic increase in this exposure. Therefore, the effect of oxidation on their bioavailability is briefly outlined.

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