Abstract 186: Reduction Of High density lipoprotein Cholesterol After Successfull Dietary Intervention Is Not Accompanied By A Change In Reverse Cholesterol Transport

Substitution of dietary saturated fat by unsaturated fat and the reduction of dietary cholesterol intake leads to a decrease of LDL cholesterol concentration accompanied usually by a decrease of HDL cholesterol. Method: 18 young male volunteers were fed for 4 weeks either a high cholesterol saturated fat diet or low cholesterol and unsaturated fat diet in crossover design. At the end of both experimental periods, the lipoprotein concentration was determined. In addition, the reverse cholesterol transport from 14 C cholesterol labeled macrophages in tissue cultures was analyzed. Reverse cholesterol transport was calculated as the percentage of radioactivity released from pre-labeled cells to incubation media with serum of each individuals. Results: Highly significant decrease of LDL cholesterol after the unsaturated fat diet was accompanied by a significant decrease of the HDL cholesterol from 1.25 mmol/l to 1.05 mmol/l. Reverse cholesterol transport did not significantly change when the data of high cholesterol saturated fat diet (9.97 ± 1.45) and low cholesterol unsaturated fat diet (9.53 ± 1.41) were compared. There was no correlation between data of the decrease of HDL cholesterol concentration and change in reverse cholesterol transport. Conclusion: We conclude that dietary treatment by hypocholesterolemic diet accompanied by a reduction of HDL cholesterol does not lead to the decrease in reverse cholesterol transport.

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Milk minerals modify the effect of fat intake on serum lipid profile: results from an animal and a human short-term study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513003826 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 111 (8) ◽

pp. 1412-1420 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Janne K. Lorenzen ◽

Søren K. Jensen ◽

Arne Astrup

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Control Period ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Milk Minerals

Despite a high content of saturated fat, evidence from observational studies indicates that the consumption of dairy products may have a neutral effect or may be inversely associated with the risk of CVD. We aimed to examine whether milk minerals modify the effect of saturated fat on serum lipid profile. We present data from two studies. Study I had a randomised, blinded, parallel design (n 24 pigs) with a 10 d adaptation period during which a high-fat diet was fed to the pigs and a 14 d intervention period during which the same diet either enriched with milk minerals (MM group) or placebo (control group) was fed to the pigs. Study II had a randomised cross-over design (n 9 men) where the subjects were fed either a high-fat diet enriched with milk minerals (MM period) or a regular diet (control period). In both the studies, blood variables were measured before and after the intervention and faecal and urine samples were collected at the end of the dietary periods. The increase in plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations but not in HDL-cholesterol concentration was markedly lowered by milk minerals in both the studies. In the animal study, baseline adjusted total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the MM group were 11 % (P= 0·004) and 13 % (P= 0·03) lower compared with those in the control group after the intervention. Similarly in the human study, baseline adjusted total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 6 % (P= 0·002) and 9 % (P= 0·03) lower after the MM period compared with those in the control period. HDL-cholesterol concentration was not lowered by milk minerals. These short-term studies indicate that the addition of milk minerals to a high-fat diet to some extent attenuates the increase in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, without affecting HDL-cholesterol concentration.

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DOES HDL CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION CORRESPOND TO REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT AFTER LIFE STYLE CHANGES?

Atherosclerosis Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70491-4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 122

Author(s):

I. Kralova Lesna ◽

P. Suchanek ◽

R. Poledne

Keyword(s):

Life Style ◽

Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Cholesterol Transport ◽

Life Style Changes

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Platelet Aggregation and Plasma Lipoproteins in Alcoholics During Alcohol Withdrawal

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661516 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 55 (02) ◽

pp. 173-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

K Desai ◽

J S Owen ◽

D T Wilson ◽

R A Hutton

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Alcohol Withdrawal ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Plasma Lipoprotein ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Arachidonic Acid Content ◽

Low Density

SummaryPlatelet aggregation, platelet lipid composition and plasma lipoprotein concentrations were measured each week in a group of seventeen alcoholics, without overt liver disease, for one month, following acute, total alcohol withdrawal. The platelets were initially hypoaggregable but, within 1-2 weeks of cessation of drinking, they became hyperaggregable and then gradually returned towards normal values. Hyperaggregability could not be explained by increases in either the cholesterol or the arachidonic acid content of the platelets. Plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained high throughout the study, but the initially raised levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol fell by 26%. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration rose by 10% after two weeks of withdrawal but then returned to about the starting level. The resulting changes in the plasma LDL-cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol ratio, which had increased by more than 50% after two weeks of abstinence, essentially paralleled the time course of enhanced platelet reactivity in all but four of the alcoholics. These findings suggest that alterations in plasma lipoprotein concentrations during acute alcohol withdrawal may be a contributory factor to the haemostatic disorders present in such patients.

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Development of a Genetic Score to Predict an Increase in HDL Cholesterol Concentration After a Dietary Intervention in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (7) ◽

pp. 1116-1121 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martha Guevara-Cruz ◽

Isabel Medina-Vera ◽

Adriana Flores-López ◽

Miriam Aguilar-López ◽

Caren E Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Genetic Score ◽

Before And After ◽

Low Hdl ◽

Genetic Predisposition Score ◽

Mexican Adults

ABSTRACT Background Dietary intervention (DI) is a primary strategy to attenuate some of the metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), including low HDL cholesterol. There is no biomarker that can identify individuals who respond to DI by increasing HDL cholesterol. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the predictive power of a genetic predisposition score (GPS) in Mexican adults with MetS to identify HDL cholesterol responders to DI. Methods This study followed a prospective cohort design. Sixty-seven Mexican adults aged 20–60 y (21% men) with BMI ≥25 and ≤39.9 kg/m², who had at least 3 of 5 positive criteria for MetS, were included. Participants consumed a low saturated fat diet for 2.5 mo (<7% energy as saturated fat, <200 mg of cholesterol/d) and reduced their usual diet by ∼440 kcal/d, a reduction in total energy intake of about 25%. Anthropometry and serum biochemical markers, including HDL cholesterol, were measured before and after DI. A multilocus GPS was constructed using previously reported genetic variants associated with response to diet in subjects with MetS. GPS values, designed to predict the response of HDL cholesterol to the DI, were computed for each individual as the sum of the number of effect alleles across 14 SNPs. Results Individuals were dichotomized as high and low GPS according to median GPS (−2.12) and we observed a difference in HDL cholesterol changes on DI of +3 mg/dL (6.3%) in subjects with low GPS, whereas those with high GPS had HDL cholesterol decreases of −3 mg/dL (−7.9%) (P = 0.04). Conclusions Individuals with low GPS showed greater increases in their HDL cholesterol than those with high GPS. Therefore, the GPS can be useful for predicting the HDL cholesterol response to diet.

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Insulin-induced glucose control improves HDL cholesterol levels but not reverse cholesterol transport in type 2 diabetic patients

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.942 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 235 (2) ◽

pp. 415-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Gian Paolo Fadini ◽

Elisabetta Iori ◽

Maria Cristina Marescotti ◽

Saula Vigili de Kreutzenberg ◽

Angelo Avogaro

Keyword(s):

Glucose Control ◽

Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cholesterol Transport ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Effects of dietary cholesterol and fat on serum non-cholesterol sterols according to different apolipoprotein E subgroups among healthy men

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508894330 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 373-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Markku J. Nissinen ◽

Helena Gylling ◽

Tatu A. Miettinen

Keyword(s):

Cholesterol Synthesis ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Dietary Cholesterol ◽

Serum Levels ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Apo E ◽

The Impact ◽

Low Cholesterol

The impact of apo E phenotypes on applicability of relative cholesterol synthesis (lathosterol:cholesterol) and absorption (ratios of cholestanol, campesterol and sitosterol to cholesterol) during diets of various cholesterol and fat content is unclear. We examined and compared with each other both relative and absolute synthesis and absorption among twenty-nine men, of whom eight, nine and twelve had apo E phenotypes 2 (2/2, 2/3, 2/4), 3 (3/3) and 4 (3/4, 4/4), respectively. Serum lipids, lipoproteins, sterols and cholesterol metabolism were examined on four subsequent diets: high-cholesterol high-fat (home diet; HD), low-cholesterol low-fat (LCLF), high-cholesterol low-fat (HCLF) and low-cholesterol high-fat (LCHF). LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) level was about 40 % lower (P < 0·05) in apo E2 than apo E3 and E4 groups irrespective of dietary fat and cholesterol. Serum proportions of phytosterols were determined apo E-dependently on LCLF and HCLF, and those of lathosterol, cholestanol and campesterol were increased in apo E2 and E3 groups (P < 0·05 for each v. HD). Serum proportion of sitosterol reflected almost consistently apo E phenotype (r range+0·308 to+0·383; P range 0·214–0·011). Relative cholesterol synthesis and absorption reflected respective absolute values during each diet in the apo E4 group (r range+0·713 to+0·893; P < 0·05 for each), but only during HD (r+0·594; P = 0·015) in the apo E2+E3 group. The consumption of a high amount of fat did not interfere with cholesterol metabolism or serum levels of LDL-C differently in apo E phenotypes. Surrogate sterol markers of cholesterol metabolism reflected absolute ones (especially in the apo E4 group) and apo E phenotypes despite variable amounts of dietary cholesterol and fat.

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Replacement of dietary saturated fat with monounsaturated fat: effect on atherogenesis in cholesterol-fed rabbits clamped at the same plasma cholesterol level

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19950154 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 509-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lars B. Nielsen ◽

Per Leth-Espensen ◽

Børge G. Nordestgaard ◽

Eline Forged ◽

Knud Kjeldsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Cholesterol ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Monounsaturated Fat ◽

Aortic Cholesterol

The aim was to compare the effect on atherogenesis of dietary monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids in cholesterol-clamped rabbits. To obtain an average plasma cholesterol concentration of 20 mmol/l in each rabbit during the 13-week cholesterol-feeding period, dietary cholesterol was adjusted weekly. The amount of fat fed daily was 10 g per rabbit in Expts A (n 23), C (n 36), and D (n 58) and 5 g per rabbit in Expt B (n 24). The source of monounsaturated fatty acids was olive oil in all four experiments. The source of saturated fatty acids was butter in Expt A, lard in Expt B, coconut oil in Expt C, and butter or lard in Expt D. Generally, olive oil-fed groups received more cholesterol and tended to have more cholesterol in VLDL and less in LDL compared with groups receiving saturated fat. Analysis of variance of the combined results of all four experiments showed that, in comparison with saturated fat, olive oil lowered aortic cholesterol by 13 (−9–30, 95% confidence interval) % in the aortic arch, and by 10 (−10–26) % in the thoracic aorta, which was not significant. In the comparison with olive oil, no differences in effects on aortic cholesterol content were detected between butter, lard and coconut oil. These findings do not support the view that replacement of dietary saturated fat with olive oil has a major impact on the development of atherosclerosis in addition to that accounted for by changes in plasma cholesterol levels.

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Effects of Astaxanthin on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Atherosclerosis in Mice

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/4625932 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tang-Bin Zou ◽

Shan-Shan Zhu ◽

Fei Luo ◽

Wei-Qiao Li ◽

Xue-Rong Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽

Scavenger Receptor ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

High Plasma ◽

Cholesterol Transport ◽

Atp Binding ◽

Type I ◽

Aortic Sinus ◽

Atp Binding Cassette Transporter ◽

Atp Binding Cassette

High plasma level of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) has been consistently associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis (AS); thus, HDL-C is considered to be an antiatherogenic lipoprotein. The development of novel therapies to enhance the atheroprotective properties of HDL may have the possibility of further reducing the residual AS risk. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is believed to be a primary atheroprotective activity of HDL, which has been shown to promote the efflux of excess cholesterol from macrophage-derived foam cells via ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and then transport it back to the liver for excretion into bile and eventually into the feces. In the current study, we investigated the effects of astaxanthin on RCT and AS progression in mice. The results showed that short- and long-term supplementation of astaxanthin promote RCT in C57BL/6J and ApoE−/−mice, respectively. Moreover, astaxanthin can relieve the plaque area of the aortic sinus and aortic cholesterol in mice. These findings suggest that astaxanthin is beneficial for boosting RCT and preventing the development of AS.

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