Abstract 72: Muscle Metabolomic Changes in a Porcine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Witowski ◽  
Greg Beilman
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates ◽  
Baseline Values

Introduction: Treatment of hemorrhage shock remains a clinical challenge despite decades of study. Investigation of metabolism during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation may yield novel approaches for intervention strategies. Methods: Pigs underwent a standardized hemorrhagic shock protocol after general anesthesia and instrumentation. Animals were hemorrhaged via IVC cannula, then resuscitated to a goal of 80 mm Hg systolic blood pressure after 45 minutes. Animals were fully resuscitated after 8 hours and weaned and extubated at 24 hours after beginning experiment. Survivors were sacrificed at 48 hours post-hemorrhage. Muscle samples were obtained at baseline (prior to hemorrhage), shock45 (after 45 min of shock), and 8, 23, and 48 h post resuscitation (PR). Muscle samples were processed using a dual-phase extraction process and the water-soluble metabolites examined by 1H and 31P NMR. Results: The phosphocreatine:inorganic phosphate ratio decreases with shock and remains below baseline values at 48 h PR (A). Phosphoesters (glycolytic intermediates) increase during shock and return to levels below baseline at 48PR in successfully resuscitated pigs (B). Non-survivors exhibited higher levels of 1H NMR-visible lipids and of 31P NMR-visible ADP at baseline when compared to survivors (C). Conclusions: Hemorrhage shock induces metabolic changes observable with NMR spectroscopy. Survivors exhibited persistent metabolic changes not resolved at 48 hours. Response to hemorrhage and risk of mortality may be dependent on initial metabolic state.

Facile fractionation of bamboo hydrolysate and characterization of isolated lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodi Wang ◽  
Yongchao Zhang ◽  
Luyao Wang ◽  
Xiaoju Wang ◽  
Qingxi Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Glycoside Linkage ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hemicellulosic Sugars

AbstractAn efficient separation technology for hydrolysates towards a full valorization of bamboo is still a tough challenge, especially regarding the lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). The present study aimed to develop a facile approach using organic solvent extraction for efficiently fractionating the main components of bamboo hydrolysates. The high-purity lignin with only a trace of carbohydrates was first obtained by precipitation of the bamboo hydrolysate. The water-soluble lignin (WSL) fraction was extracted in organic solvent through a three-stage organic solvent extraction process, and the hemicellulosic sugars with increased purity were also collected. Furthermore, a thorough characterization including various NMR techniques (31P, 13C, and 2D-HSQC), GPC, and GC-MS was conducted to the obtained lignin-rich-fractions. It was found that the WSL fraction contained abundant functional groups and tremendous amount of LCC structures. As compared to native LCC of bamboo, the WSL fraction exhibited more typical LCC linkages, i.e. phenyl glycoside linkage, which is the main type of chemical linkage between lignin and carbohydrate in both LCC samples. The results demonstrate that organic phase extraction is a highly efficient protocol for the fractionation of hydrolysate and the isolation of LCC-rich streams possessing great potential applications.

scholarly journals Early hemorrhage triggers metabolic responses that build up during prolonged shock

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (12) ◽  
pp. R1034-R1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo D'Alessandro ◽  
Hunter B. Moore ◽  
Ernest E. Moore ◽  
Matthew Wither ◽  
Travis Nemkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Plasma Metabolome

Metabolic staging after trauma/hemorrhagic shock is a key driver of acidosis and directly relates to hypothermia and coagulopathy. Metabolic responses to trauma/hemorrhagic shock have been assayed through classic biochemical approaches or NMR, thereby lacking a comprehensive overview of the dynamic metabolic changes occurring after shock. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent progressive hemorrhage and shock. Baseline and postshock blood was collected, and late hyperfibrinolysis was assessed (LY30 >3%) in all of the tested rats. Extreme and intermediate time points were collected to assay the dynamic changes of the plasma metabolome via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sham controls were used to determine whether metabolic changes could be primarily attributable to anesthesia and supine positioning. Early hemorrhage-triggered metabolic changes that built up progressively and became significant during sustained hemorrhagic shock. Metabolic phenotypes either resulted in immediate hypercatabolism, or late hypercatabolism, preceded by metabolic deregulation during early hemorrhage in a subset of rats. Hemorrhagic shock consistently promoted hyperglycemia, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, fatty acid, amino acid, and nitrogen metabolism (urate and polyamines), and impaired redox homeostasis. Early dynamic changes of the plasma metabolome are triggered by hemorrhage in rats. Future studies will determine whether metabolic subphenotypes observed in rats might be consistently observed in humans and pave the way for tailored resuscitative strategies.

scholarly journals Membranes serve as allosteric activators of phospholipase A2, enabling it to extract, bind, and hydrolyze phospholipid substrates

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. E516-E525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varnavas D. Mouchlis ◽  
Denis Bucher ◽  
J. Andrew McCammon ◽  
Edward A. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Allosteric Site ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Lipid Interactions ◽  
Exchange Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Group Iva ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Defining the molecular details and consequences of the association of water-soluble proteins with membranes is fundamental to understanding protein–lipid interactions and membrane functioning. Phospholipase A2(PLA2) enzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipid substrates that compose the membrane bilayers, provide the ideal system for studying protein–lipid interactions. Our study focuses on understanding the catalytic cycle of two different human PLA2s: the cytosolic Group IVA cPLA2and calcium-independent Group VIA iPLA2. Computer-aided techniques guided by deuterium exchange mass spectrometry data, were used to create structural complexes of each enzyme with a single phospholipid substrate molecule, whereas the substrate extraction process was studied using steered molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular dynamic simulations of the enzyme–substrate–membrane systems revealed important information about the mechanisms by which these enzymes associate with the membrane and then extract and bind their phospholipid substrate. Our data support the hypothesis that the membrane acts as an allosteric ligand that binds at the allosteric site of the enzyme’s interfacial surface, shifting its conformation from a closed (inactive) state in water to an open (active) state at the membrane interface.

Cellulosic Materials Characterisation of Kenaf Core from Retting Process Using Thermal Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nor Munirah ◽  
M.T. Ramlah ◽  
A. Sharifah
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cellulosic Materials ◽  
Kenaf Core ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry

The waste from the kenaf water retting; kenaf core can be used to create by-product. The characteristics of the kenaf are important to create new by-product. Cellulosic materials can be obtained from fibrous plants which known as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, waxes, and several water-soluble compounds. Kenaf was categorized as one of the fibrous family plants. Hence, its cellulosic materials need to be determined before extraction process. This research was conducted to determine the cellulosic materials concentration in kenaf core using Thermal Gravimetry Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). As result, the percentage of degradation and decomposition of cellulosic materials were recorded and analyzed as reported in this paper.

scholarly journals Candida sojae, a new species of yeast isolated from an extraction process of water-soluble substances of defatted soybean flakes.

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKASHI NAKASE ◽  
MOTOFUMI SUZUKI ◽  
MASAKO TAKASHIMA ◽  
YOZO MIYAKAWA ◽  
KEIKO KAGAYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
A New Species

scholarly journals A Simplified, Specific HPLC Method of Assaying Thiamine and Riboflavin in Mushrooms

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammad F. Hossain ◽  
Mamoon Rashid ◽  
Rajjit Sidhu ◽  
Randy Mullins ◽  
Susan L. Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Rp Hplc

Mushrooms have been used as part of the average diet and as a nutraceutical for thousands of years due to their immense health benefits. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, fast, accurate, specific, reproducible, and robust chromatographic method to identify and quantify two water-soluble vitamins: thiamine (B1) and riboflavin (B2) in mushrooms. The method employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of these vitamins was Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) equipped with Ultraviolet–Visible (UV-Vis) Detector. The extraction process involved acid hydrolysis followed by enzymatic dephosphorylation with takadiastase enzyme. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a Shimadzu prominence HPLC system using isocratic elution mode on a Waters Xterra® MS C-18 column (4.6mm × 150mm, 5 μm) integrated with a XBridge® BEH C-18 Guard column (2.1mm × 5 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase of this study consisted of buffer and methanol in the ratio of 80:20, where the buffer contained sodium-1-hexanesulfonate, glacial acetic acid, methanol, and pH adjusted to 3.0 with diethylamine. Vitamins were detected simultaneously at their lambda max wavelengths B1: 245nm and B2: 268nm using dual-wavelength UV detection technique to get their highest response. The proposed method was found to be specific, linear R>1.0, accurate, precise (% recovery ± SD; B1:104.45±4.5 and B2: 104.88±2.04), sensitive, (limit of detection for B1 and B2 was 0.043 and 0.029 μg/mL, respectively), and robust for mushrooms analysis. No coeluting peaks were observed at the retention time of the vitamins and all the peaks were spectrally homogenous. The standard and sample solutions were found to remain stable at cold temperature for 72 hours. In summary, our data suggest that the proposed method could be used in food industries to monitor the product quality during routine quality control purposes.

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