Abstract 047: Trajectories of Maintaining Recommended Amounts of Physical Activity in Young Adulthood and Associations with Abdominal Adiposity in Middle Age: The Cardia Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M Shay ◽  
Laura Colangelo ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
Norrina B Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
White Men ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Active Adults ◽  
Modest Activity

Background: Greater abdominal adiposity is associated with insulin resistance and obesity-related vascular disease. Physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with abdominal adiposity yet associations between trends in adherence to PA recommendations through young adulthood and abdominal adiposity in middle age is unclear. Objective: To identify common trajectories of maintaining recommended levels of PA through young adulthood and to examine associations between trajectories and abdominal adiposity at middle age. Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a population-based, prospective, observational study of black and white men and women. PA was assessed at 8 exams across 25 years of follow-up. PA trajectories were identified by group-based modeling (PROC TRAJ) based on likelihood of maintaining recommended PA levels across exams. Visceral, subcutaneous, and abdominal intermuscular adipose tissue volumes (cm3) were assessed by computed tomography at the year 25 exam (43-55 yrs, n=3180). Results: Four major PA trajectories were identified: highly active (27.3%), declining activity (18.2%), modestly active (20.7%) and always sedentary (33.8%). Abdominal adipose tissue volumes by PA trajectory, race, and sex are displayed in Figure 1. Among white men and women, abdominal adiposity was lowest in always active adults and highest in those always sedentary; higher abdominal adiposity was observed with declining activity compared to modest activity. In black women, highest levels of abdominal adiposity were observed with declining activity. Black men exhibited no differences in abdominal adiposity across PA trajectory groups. Conclusions: Maintaining recommended physical activity levels through young adulthood is associated with lower abdominal adiposity at middle age. Highly active adults who exhibit declining physical activity towards middle age exhibit higher abdominal adiposity compared to adults with consistent modest activity throughout adulthood.

Abstract P263: Racial Differences in the Association Between Physical Activity Levels During Early Adulthood and Visceral Adiposity at Middle Age: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M Shay ◽  
Laura A Colangelo ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon ◽  
Kiarri N Kershaw ◽  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
White Men ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Men And Women

Background: Excess visceral adiposity tissue (VAT) is associated with elevated free fatty acids that contribute to dyslipidemia, beta cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Greater physical activity (PA) is associated with lower VAT cross-sectionally, but whether PA during young adulthood is associated with VAT at middle age independent of general obesity is unclear. Objective: To quantify by sex and race the associations between PA levels in young adulthood with visceral adiposity measured 25 years later. Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a population-based, prospective, observational study of black and white men and women. Habitual PA was determined as the average of baseline and year 7 levels (18–37 yrs) of the CARDIA Physical Activity Score. VAT (cm3) was assessed by computed tomography at the year 25 exam (43–55 yrs, n=1822). Results: Early adulthood PA levels were 15.2% lower in blacks compared to whites (p<0.001) and 30.0% lower in women compared to men (p<0.001); the lowest PA levels were observed in black women. Compared with the highest levels of PA, participants with moderate or lower PA during young adulthood exhibited higher VAT at middle age in linear regression models adjusted for covariates including year 25 BMI (Table 1). When stratified by race and sex, white men and women with higher PA levels exhibited lower VAT at middle age compared to white adults with moderate or lower PA; an association not observed in black men or women. Conclusions: White men and women engaging in higher PA levels at earlier ages may demonstrate lower visceral adiposity later in life, yet these findings suggest that PA may not be a solely effective approach at reducing/preventing cardiometabolic risk from excess visceral adiposity in black adults. Racial variations in the influence of young adulthood PA on visceral adiposity at middle age may reflect differential influences of PA, PA intensity, or other unmeasured risk factors (e.g., psychosocial stress) on adiposity distribution.

Abstract P387: Race and Sex Differences Exist in the Volumes of Visceral Adipose Tissue Associated With Prevalent Hypertension in Middle Age Adults

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M Shay ◽  
Prasenjeet N Motghare ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
J. Greg Terry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
White Men ◽  
True Positive ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background: Higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume is associated with greater risk for hypertension (HTN). Although VAT volume and prevalence of HTN vary by sex and race, the differences in VAT volumes associated with identification of individuals with prevalent HTN across these groups is unclear. Objective: To determine VAT volume cut points that maximize true positive, true negative and optimal identification of prevalent HTN and to compare the cut points across sex and race groups. Methods: Data were examined from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a multi-center longitudinal study of the development of cardiovascular risk in black and white men and women ages 18-30 years at baseline. In 2010-11, the Year 25 exam was performed (43-55 years) and VAT volume (cm3) was quantified by computed tomography based on two 5 mm contiguous slices at the level of the 4th-5th lumbar vertebra (n=3,153). HTN was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and/or anti-hypertension medication use. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify VAT volume cut points associated with true positive, true negative and optimal identification of prevalent HTN. Results: Year 25 prevalence of HTN ranged from 18.2% (white women) to 49.4% (black women); mean VAT volume ranged from 113.5 cm3 (white women) to 172.1 cm3 (white men). White males exhibited the highest VAT volumes (22-36% higher) and black women exhibited the lowest VAT volumes (3-50% lower) associated with true positive, true negative and optimal identification of HTN compared to other race/sex groups (Table 1). VAT volumes associated with HTN among black participants were generally lower than those exhibited for whites. Conclusions: Although the utility of VAT alone to identify HTN cases is modest - likely a result of unaccounted HTN confounders - these findings display the distinct race- and sex-specific differences in VAT volumes associated with prevalent HTN in middle age adults.

scholarly journals Association of Resting Heart Rate With Blood Pressure and Incident Hypertension Over 30 Years in Black and White Adults

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Colangelo ◽  
Yuichiro Yano ◽  
David R. Jacobs ◽  
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
White Women ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
White Men ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Few studies have assessed the association of resting heart rate (RHR) through young adulthood with incident hypertension by middle age. We investigated the association between RHR measured over 30 years with incident hypertension in a cohort of young Black and White men and women. A joint longitudinal time-to-event model consisting of a mixed random effects submodel, quadratic in follow-up time, and a survival submodel adjusted for confounders, was used to determine hazard ratios for a 10 bpm higher RHR. Race-sex specific effects were examined in a single joint model that included interactions of race-sex groups with longitudinal RHR. Out of 5115 participants enrolled in year 0 (1985–1986), after excluding prevalent cases of hypertension at baseline, 1615 men and 2273 women were included in the analytic cohort. Hypertension event rates per 1000 person-years were 42.5 and 25.7 in Black and White men, respectively, and 36.2 and 15.3 in Black and White women, respectively. The hazard ratios for a 10 bpm higher RHR were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.23–1.75), 1.51 (95% CI, 1.28–1.78), 1.48 (95% CI, 1.26–1.73), and 1.02, (95% CI, 0.89–1.17) for Black men, White men, White women, and Black women, respectively. Higher RHR during young adulthood is associated with a greater risk of incident hypertension by middle age. The association is similarly strong in Black men, White men, and White women, but absent in Black women, which may suggest racial differences in the effect of sympathetic nervous activity on hypertension among women.

Physical Activity and Physical Self-Concept in a Sample of Middle-Age Basque Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Esnaola ◽  
Luis Mari Zulaika
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Midlife Adults

This study examined the relation of physical activity and physical self-concept in a sample of midlife adults from the Basque Country, 248 participants (152 women and 96 men) whose ages ranged from 31 to 49 years. Measurements were made on the Autokontzeptu Fisikoaren Itaunketa, a measure of physical self-concept in Basque language, and questions about physical activity. The Student t test was used to examine differences between Active and Non-active people; and to analyse differences by frequency of activity, analysis of variance was used. Analysis indicated those women who identified themselves as more active had more positive self-perceptions with regard to physical ability, physical condition, strength, and physical self-concept than inactive people while men's scores were more positive for physical ability, physical condition, and physical self-concept. Likewise, both men and women who reported engaging in physical activity more than three times a week also had significantly more positive self-perceptions with regard to physical ability, physical condition, and physical self-concept than those who exercised less frequently.

Compliance With Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Guidelines and Associations With Abdominal Adiposity in a Sample of Infants and Toddlers From Soweto, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 872-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Prioreschi ◽  
Lisa K. Micklesfield
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Physical Activity Guideline ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: This study reported compliance with 24-hour physical activity and sedentary behavior guidelines, and associations with adiposity in the first 2 years of life. Methods: Participants (N = 119) were recruited from Soweto, South Africa. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was measured by ultrasound. Participation in 2 movement behaviors (physical activity and sedentary time) was reported by mothers. Differences in adiposity between those meeting each individual guideline, as well as the combination of both movement guidelines, compared with those not meeting the guidelines were assessed. Results: Only 5% of infants met the sedentary guidelines; however, 58% met the physical activity guidelines. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly higher in those meeting the physical activity guideline (0.50 [0.01] vs 0.47 [0.01] cm, P = .03) compared with those not meeting the guideline. Meeting the screen time component of the sedentary guideline was associated with higher visceral adipose tissue (β = 0.96, P < .01), while meeting one guideline compared with meeting none was associated with higher subcutaneous adipose tissue (β = 0.05, P = .01). Conclusions: Most infants and toddlers from this low- to middle-income setting were not meeting sedentary behavior guidelines. Both behaviors were associated with abdominal adiposity, but not with body mass index z score; implying these movement behaviors may impact abdominal fat deposition rather than body size.

scholarly journals Ethnic Differences in Functional Limitations by Age Across the Adult Life Course

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 914-921
Author(s):  
Emily D Williams ◽  
Anna Cox ◽  
Rachel Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
African Caribbean

Abstract Background Despite compelling evidence from the United States of ethnic inequalities in physical functioning and ethnic differences in risk factors for poor physical functioning, very little is known about ethnic differences in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, the life stage at which these ethnic differentials are first observed has not been examined. Methods Using cross-sectional data from Wave 1 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), we compared self-reported physical functioning among 35,816 White British, 4,450 South Asian and 2,512 African Caribbean men and women across different stages of adulthood (young adulthood, early middle age, late middle age, older age). Regression analyses examined ethnic differences in functional limitations, with adjustment for socioeconomic and clinical covariates. Ethnicity by sex and ethnicity by age-group interactions were examined, and subgroup heterogeneity was explored. Results Compared with White British adults over the age of 60, older South Asian men and women reported higher odds of functional limitations (odds ratio [OR] 2.77 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 2.00–3.89] and OR 3.99 [2.61–6.10], respectively); these ethnic differentials were observed as early as young adulthood. Young African Caribbean men had lower odds of functional limitations than White British men (OR 0.56 [0.34–0.94]), yet African Caribbean women reported higher odds of functional limitations in older age (OR 1.84 [1.21–2.79]). Conclusions There is an elevated risk of functional limitations relating to ethnicity, even in young adulthood where the impact on future health and socioeconomic position is considerable. When planning and delivering health care services to reduce ethnic inequalities in functional health, the intersectionality with age and sex should be considered.

Physical Activity and Hypertension From Young Adulthood to Middle Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Nagata ◽  
Eric Vittinghoff ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel ◽  
Andrea K. Garber ◽  
Andrew E. Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Middle Age
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