Physical Activity and Hypertension From Young Adulthood to Middle Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Nagata ◽  
Eric Vittinghoff ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel ◽  
Andrea K. Garber ◽  
Andrew E. Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Middle Age

Abstract 047: Trajectories of Maintaining Recommended Amounts of Physical Activity in Young Adulthood and Associations with Abdominal Adiposity in Middle Age: The Cardia Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M Shay ◽  
Laura Colangelo ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
Norrina B Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
White Men ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Active Adults ◽  
Modest Activity

Background: Greater abdominal adiposity is associated with insulin resistance and obesity-related vascular disease. Physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with abdominal adiposity yet associations between trends in adherence to PA recommendations through young adulthood and abdominal adiposity in middle age is unclear. Objective: To identify common trajectories of maintaining recommended levels of PA through young adulthood and to examine associations between trajectories and abdominal adiposity at middle age. Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a population-based, prospective, observational study of black and white men and women. PA was assessed at 8 exams across 25 years of follow-up. PA trajectories were identified by group-based modeling (PROC TRAJ) based on likelihood of maintaining recommended PA levels across exams. Visceral, subcutaneous, and abdominal intermuscular adipose tissue volumes (cm3) were assessed by computed tomography at the year 25 exam (43-55 yrs, n=3180). Results: Four major PA trajectories were identified: highly active (27.3%), declining activity (18.2%), modestly active (20.7%) and always sedentary (33.8%). Abdominal adipose tissue volumes by PA trajectory, race, and sex are displayed in Figure 1. Among white men and women, abdominal adiposity was lowest in always active adults and highest in those always sedentary; higher abdominal adiposity was observed with declining activity compared to modest activity. In black women, highest levels of abdominal adiposity were observed with declining activity. Black men exhibited no differences in abdominal adiposity across PA trajectory groups. Conclusions: Maintaining recommended physical activity levels through young adulthood is associated with lower abdominal adiposity at middle age. Highly active adults who exhibit declining physical activity towards middle age exhibit higher abdominal adiposity compared to adults with consistent modest activity throughout adulthood.

Abstract P263: Racial Differences in the Association Between Physical Activity Levels During Early Adulthood and Visceral Adiposity at Middle Age: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M Shay ◽  
Laura A Colangelo ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon ◽  
Kiarri N Kershaw ◽  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
White Men ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Men And Women

Background: Excess visceral adiposity tissue (VAT) is associated with elevated free fatty acids that contribute to dyslipidemia, beta cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Greater physical activity (PA) is associated with lower VAT cross-sectionally, but whether PA during young adulthood is associated with VAT at middle age independent of general obesity is unclear. Objective: To quantify by sex and race the associations between PA levels in young adulthood with visceral adiposity measured 25 years later. Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a population-based, prospective, observational study of black and white men and women. Habitual PA was determined as the average of baseline and year 7 levels (18–37 yrs) of the CARDIA Physical Activity Score. VAT (cm3) was assessed by computed tomography at the year 25 exam (43–55 yrs, n=1822). Results: Early adulthood PA levels were 15.2% lower in blacks compared to whites (p<0.001) and 30.0% lower in women compared to men (p<0.001); the lowest PA levels were observed in black women. Compared with the highest levels of PA, participants with moderate or lower PA during young adulthood exhibited higher VAT at middle age in linear regression models adjusted for covariates including year 25 BMI (Table 1). When stratified by race and sex, white men and women with higher PA levels exhibited lower VAT at middle age compared to white adults with moderate or lower PA; an association not observed in black men or women. Conclusions: White men and women engaging in higher PA levels at earlier ages may demonstrate lower visceral adiposity later in life, yet these findings suggest that PA may not be a solely effective approach at reducing/preventing cardiometabolic risk from excess visceral adiposity in black adults. Racial variations in the influence of young adulthood PA on visceral adiposity at middle age may reflect differential influences of PA, PA intensity, or other unmeasured risk factors (e.g., psychosocial stress) on adiposity distribution.

Abstract 32: Loss of Ideal Cardiovascular Health Factors from Early Young Adulthood to Middle Age

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly C Gooding ◽  
Christina M Shay ◽  
Matthew W Gillman ◽  
Hongyan Ning ◽  
Stephanie E Chiuve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

Introduction: Adults who reach middle age with ideal blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose levels have lower rates of CVD mortality compared to those with one or more adverse levels. AHA identified four healthy lifestyle factors (HLFs) - BMI, smoking, diet, and physical activity - important for preventing loss of this low CVD risk state. The purpose of this study was to quantify associations between combinations of HLFs measured in young adulthood and loss of ideal CVH factors into middle age. Methods: Analyses included 2,421 young adults (age 18-30 years at baseline in 1985-6) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study who met criteria for ideal CVH factors at baseline: untreated blood pressure <120/80 mmHg, total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL and absence of CVD. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for loss of all ideal CVH factors status over 25 years of follow-up according to 16 combinations of HLFs measured in young adulthood: BMI <25kg/m2, physical activity >300 exercise units, never smoking/quitting ≥ 12 months prior, and scoring in the top tertile of the AHEI diet score. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and study center. Results: Most (86%, 69 of 80) young adults with 0 HLFs lost the all ideal CVH factor status by middle age. Relative to young adults with no ideal HLFs, those with all 4 ideal HLFs were least likely to lose the low risk CVD state (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.40-0.70). In the absence of ideal BMI, no combination of other HLFs was significantly protective (Figure 1). When analysis was restricted to the 1,708 young adults with ideal BMI, participants with ideal smoking, diet, and physical activity had a lower likelihood of losing the ideal CVH factor state compared to those with ideal BMI only (HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63-0.99). Conclusions: Ideal BMI in early young adulthood was protective against loss of ideal CVH factors over time. Among those with ideal BMI, ideal smoking status, diet, and physical activity conferred additional benefit.

Abstract P378: Behavior Patterns over 20 Years and their Relationship to Subclinical Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juned Siddique ◽  
Laura A Colangelo ◽  
Jared P Reis ◽  
Bonnie Spring ◽  
Arlen C Moller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Patterns

Background: While individual health risk behaviors are independently associated with CVD and mortality, these behaviors frequently co-occur. Less is known about combinations of behaviors and their relationship to subclinical atherosclerosis. Objective: To identify patterns of behavior from young adulthood through middle age and whether these patterns are associated with developing coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid intima-media thickening (IMT) over 20 years Methods: Our sample consists of all participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study who completed the Year 20 exam (n = 3538). We assessed five healthy lifestyle factors at Years 0, 7, and 20: BMI (<25 kg/m 2 ), alcohol intake (women: ≤ 15 g/day; men: ≤ 30 g/day), diet (best 40% of cohort by race and sex: high in potassium, calcium, & fiber; low in saturated fatty acids), physical activity (> 300 exercise units), not a cigarette smoker (Yes/No). We applied Latent class analysis (LCA) to these 15 binary variables in order to identify a discrete set of participant groups characterized by the presence or absence of behaviors. We then regressed CAC and IMT thickening on our identified groups to determine those behavioral patterns that are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Regression models controlled for age, race, and gender. Missing values were replaced prior to analyses using imputation. Results: We identified six distinct behavioral patterns primarily characterized by combinations of the presence or absence of being overweight, smoking, and/or healthy diet and physical activity (HDiet&PA; see table). Odds of CAC and IMT thickening were highest among the two smoking groups. Normal-weight non-smokers had the lowest odds of CAC and the least IMT thickening. Conclusions: We identified combinations of behaviors through young adulthood associated with varying burden of subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age. These data may suggest potential targets for primordial and primary prevention.

scholarly journals Leisure time physical activity throughout adulthood is associated with lower medicare costs: evidence from the linked NIH-AARP diet and health study cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e001038
Author(s):  
Diarmuid Coughlan ◽  
Pedro F Saint-Maurice ◽  
Susan A Carlson ◽  
Janet Fulton ◽  
Charles E Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Medicare Costs

BackgroundThere is limited information about the association between long-term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) participation and healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between LTPA over adulthood with later life healthcare costs in the USA.MethodsUsing Medicare claims data (between 1999 and 2008) linked to the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study, we examined associations between nine trajectories of physical activity participation throughout adulthood with Medicare costs.ResultsCompared with adults who were consistently inactive from adolescence into middle age, average annual healthcare costs were significantly lower for maintainers, adults who maintained moderate (–US$1350 (95% CI: –US$2009 to –US$690) or −15.9% (95% CI: −23.6% to −8.1%)) or high physical activity levels (–US$1200 (95% CI: –US$1777 to –US$622) or −14.1% (95% CI: −20.9% to −7.3%)) and increasers, adults who increased physical activity levels in early adulthood (–US$1874 (95% CI: US$2691 to –US$1057) or −22.0% (95% CI: −31.6% to −12.4%)) or in middle age (–US$824 (95% CI: –US$1580 to –US$69 or −9.7% (95% CI −18.6% to −0.8%)). For the four trajectories where physical activity decreased, the only significant difference was for adults who increased physical activity levels during early adulthood with a decline in middle age (–US$861 (95% CI:–US$1678 to –US$45) or −10.1% (95% CI: −19.7% to −0.5%)).ConclusionOur analyses suggest the healthcare cost burden in later life could be reduced through promotion efforts supporting physical activity participation throughout adulthood.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document